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PENGANTAR KESEHATAN

MASYARAKAT
Dr. H. Agus Widjaja MHA
Pengantar Sejarah
Kesehatan Masyarakat
Community Medicine is a new branch of
medicine.
It is often considered synonymous with
Preventive and Social Medicine(PSM), Public
Health, and Community Health.
All these share common ground, i.e.,
prevention of disease and promotion of
health.
Sejarah pengertian Kesmas
As a branch of medicine that is concerned
with the health of the members of a
community, municipality, or region.
The emphasis in community medicine is on
the early diagnosis of disease, the recognition
of environmental and occupational hazards to
good health, and the prevention of disease in
the community
Sejarah Kesmas
The industrial revolution of the 18th century
while bringing affluence also brought new
problems - slums, accumulation of refuse and
human excreta, overcrowding and a variety of
social problems

Conditions of Labouring Population (1842)


focussed the attention of the people and
Government on the urgent need to improve
public health.
Sejarah Public Health
Filth and garbage were recognised as mans
greatest enemies and it lead to great sanitary
awakening bringing Public Health Act of 1848
in England, in acceptance of the principle that
the state is responsible for the health of the
people. The act was made more
comprehensive in 1875 when Public Health
Act 1875 was enacted.
Sejarah Public Health

The organised professional body, American


Public Health Association was formed in 1872.
Public Health is defined as the process of
mobilising local, state, national and
international resources to solve the major
health problems affecting communities and to
achieve Health For All by 2000 AD.
Many different disciplines contributed
to the growth of Public Health;
physicians diagnosed diseases; sanitary engineers
built water and sewerage systems;
epidemiologists traced the sources of disease
outbreaks and their modes of transmission; vital
statisticians provided quantitative measures of
births and deaths; lawyers wrote sanitary codes
and regulations; public health nurses provided
care and advice to the sick in their home; sanitary
inspectors visited factories and markets to
enforce compliance with public health
ordinances; and administrators tried to organise
everyone within the limits of the health
departments budgets.
From Public Health
to Community Health
Community Medicine developed as a branch
of medicine distinct from Public Health.
By definition, Community medicine is applied
to healthy people, customarily by actions
affecting large numbers or populations.
Its primary objective is prevention of disease
and promotion of health. The development of
laboratory methods for the early detection of
disease was a further advance.
Pengertian danFungsi Kesehatan
Masyarakat(Community Medicine)
Community Medicine has been defined as
that speciality which deals with populations,
and comprises those doctors who try to
measure the needs of the population, both
sick and well, who plan and administer
services to meet those needs, and those who
are engaged in research and teaching in the
field.
DLP? diskusikan!
Peran Dokter dalam Kesmas
Physicians role is no longer confined to
diagnosing and treating those who come to the
clinic.
He is also responsible for those who need his
service but can not come to the clinic.
Health of the people is not only the concern of
health care providers. It is the responsibility of
the community also to identify and solve their
own health problems through their active
participation.
Perbedaan antara Kesehatan Masyarakat
dengan Kedokteran Klinis

KESMAS KEDOKTERAN KLINIS


deals with populations Deals with patients
Its primary objective is Primary objective is
prevention of disease and curing
promotion of health.
comprises those doctors Role of medical doctor,
who try to measure the focus on patient and
needs of the population, diseases.
both sick and well.
Community infolvement Prevention: II and III
and responsibility
Aplikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat di
Kedokteran

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