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    Eco Malaysia: Stop Killing The Planet

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    Ramsraj
    The document discusses urban heat islands and ways to mitigate them through vegetation, cool roofs, and cool paving. Urban heat islands form because cities have fewer trees and more man-made surfaces that absorb heat. This causes urban areas to be warmer than surrounding rural areas. Trees and plants help cool cities through shading and evapotranspiration. Cool roofs and cool paving use reflective materials to reduce heat absorption and stay cooler, lowering energy costs and temperatures in and around cities.

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    Eco Malaysia: Stop Killing The Planet

    Uploaded by

    Ramsraj
    49 views26 pages
    The document discusses urban heat islands and ways to mitigate them through vegetation, cool roofs, and cool paving. Urban heat islands form because cities have fewer trees and more man-made surfaces that absorb heat. This causes urban areas to be warmer than surrounding rural areas. Trees and plants help cool cities through shading and evapotranspiration. Cool roofs and cool paving use reflective materials to reduce heat absorption and stay cooler, lowering energy costs and temperatures in and around cities.

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    heat island

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    Eco Malaysia

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    The document discusses urban heat islands and ways to mitigate them through vegetation, cool roofs, and cool paving. Urban heat islands form because cities have fewer trees and more man-made surfaces that absorb heat. This causes urban areas to be warmer than surrounding rural areas. Trees and plants help cool cities through shading and evapotranspiration. Cool roofs and cool paving use reflective materials to reduce heat absorption and stay cooler, lowering energy costs and temperatures in and around cities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49 views26 pages

    Eco Malaysia: Stop Killing The Planet

    Uploaded by

    Ramsraj
    The document discusses urban heat islands and ways to mitigate them through vegetation, cool roofs, and cool paving. Urban heat islands form because cities have fewer trees and more man-made surfaces that absorb heat. This causes urban areas to be warmer than surrounding rural areas. Trees and plants help cool cities through shading and evapotranspiration. Cool roofs and cool paving use reflective materials to reduce heat absorption and stay cooler, lowering energy costs and temperatures in and around cities.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    ECO MALAYSIA

    stop killing the planet


    Surah al-a’ raf ayat 56 bermaksud ……….dan janganlah kamu berbuat KEROSAKAN
    dibumi setelah diciptanya debgan baik. Berdoalah kepada tuhan dengan rasa takut dan
    penuh harap, sesungguhnya rahmat Allah sangat dekat kepada orang yang berbuat
    demikian
    •
    HEAT ISLAND (GLOBAL WARMING )
    "Urban Heat Island" (UHI) refers to the tendency for a city to remain warmer than its
    surroundings. This effect is caused mostly by the lack of vegetation and soil
    moisture, which would normally use much of the absorbed sunlight to evaporate
    water as part of photosynthesis (a process called "evapotranspiration"). Instead, the
    sunlight is absorbed by manmade structures: roads, parking lots, and buildings. With
    little or no water to evaporate, the sunlight's energy goes into raising the
    temperature of those surfaces. After the sun sets, the city is so warm that it never
    cools down as much as the countryside around it, and so retains the heat island
    effect all night long. There is some evidence that the Urban Heat Island effect
    modifies the rainfall patterns around cities, at least in the summertime.

    The first
    documentation on
    heat island occurs in
    1818 by Luke
    Howard’s
    CAUSES
    •Common construction materials absorb and retain more of the sun’s heat. Most materials are
    impermeable and watertight
    •Dark materials can reach up to 80 c
    •Less vegetation surface
    •Human produced heat
    •Slower wind
    •Air pollution

    CAN CONTRIBUTE TO:


    Human discomfort
    Health problems
    Higher energy bills
    Increased pollution
    Global warming
    Five main causes of heat island.
    1. Reduced evaporator
    2. Increased heat storage
    3. Increased net radiation
    4. Reduced convection
    5. Increased anthropogenic heat
    Characteristic contributing to heat
    urban heat island.
    Causes Effects

    Lack of vegetation Reduces evaporation

    Widespread used of impermeable Reduces evaporation


    surfaces
    Increased thermal diffusivity of urban Increases heat storage
    material
    Low solar reflectance of urban material Increases net radiation

    Urban geometric that slow wind speeds Reduces convection

    Increased levels of air pollution Increases net radiation


    Man-made Causes
    Pollution:
    Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. When fossil fuels are burned
    they give off a green house gas called CO2. Also, mining coal and oil allows methane to
    escape. How does it escape? Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is
    mined you have to dig up the earth a little bit. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig
    up the methane as well letting it escape into the atmosphere.

    Population:
    More people means more food, and more methods of transportation.  That means
    more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more
    agriculture. If you've been in a barn filled with animals and you smelled something
    terrible, you were smelling methane. Another problem with the increasing population
    is transportation. More people means more cars, and more cars means more
    pollution. Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes
    the problem worse because we breathe out CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2
    to oxygen are being cut down. (trees are a very important part of our eco-system)
    MITIGATION
    • Trees and Vegetation
    • Shade trees and smaller plants such as shrubs,
    vines, grasses, and ground cover, help cool the
    urban environment.
    How It Works
    • Trees and vegetation help cool urban climates through shading and
    evapotranspiration.
    • Shading Leaves and branches reduce the amount of solar radiation that
    reaches the area below the canopy of a tree or plant.
    • generally 10 to 30 percent of the sun’s energy reaches the area below a
    tree, with the remainder being absorbed by leaves and used for
    photosynthesis, and some being reflected back into the atmosphere.
    • For example, a multi-month study measured maximum surface
    temperature reductions ranging from 20 to 45ºF (11-25ºC) for walls and
    roofs at two buildings. Another study examined the effects of vines on
    wall temperatures and found reductions of up to 36ºF (20ºC). A third
    study found that tree shading reduces the temperatures inside parked
    cars by about 45ºF (25ºC).
    Tree canopies, such as the deciduous trees around this home in
    Virginia, can block much of the sunlight from reaching the ground or
    the building
    evapotranspiration.
    • Trees and vegetation absorb water through their roots and emit it
    through their leaves—this movement of water is called “transpiration.”
    • Evaporation, the conversion of water from a liquid to a gas, also occurs
    from the soil around vegetation and from trees and vegetation as they
    intercept rainfall on leaves and other surfaces.
    Benefits

    • lower energy use,


    • reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
    • protection from harmful exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays,
    • decreased storm water runoff,
    • potential reduced pavement maintenanced
    Cool Roofs
    • Cool roofing” refers to the use of highly reflective and emissive materials.
    • Cool roofing can help address the problem of heat islands, which results in
    part from the combined heat of numerous individual hot roofs in a city or
    suburb. Cool roofing products are made of highly reflective and emissive
    materials that can remain approximately 50 to 60°F (28-33°C) cooler than
    traditional materials during peak

    • Traditional roof can create problems such as:


    1. Hotter indoor
    2. Reduced indoor comfort
    3. More energy used for cooling
    4. More money
    5. More wear on cooling system
    Solar Energy
    Solar energy is composed of ultraviolet (UV) rays, visible light, and infrared
    energy, each reaching the Earth in different percentages: 5 percent of solar
    energy is in the UV spectrum, including the type of rays responsible for
    sunburn; 43 percent of solar energy is visible light, in colors ranging from
    violet to red; and the remaining 52 percent of solar energy is infrared, felt as
    heat.
    Solar Reflectance
    •Solar reflectance, or albedo, is the percentage of solar energy reflected by a
    surface. Researchers have developed methods to determine solar reflectance
    by measuring how well a material reflects energy at each solar energy
    wavelength. Traditional roofing materials have low solar reflectance of 5 to
    15 percent, which means they absorb 85 to 95 percent of the energy
    reaching them instead of reflecting the energy back out to the atmosphere.
    The coolest roof materials have a high solar reflectance of more than 65
    percent, absorbing and transferring to the building 35 percent or less of the
    energy that reaches them
    Thermal Emittance
    •A material’s thermal emittance determines how much heat it will radiate per
    unit area at a given temperature, that is, how readily a surface gives up heat.
    When exposed to sunlight, a surface with high emittance will reach thermal
    equilibrium at a lower temperature than a surface with low emittance,
    because the high-emittance surface gives off its heat more readily.
    Cool Roof Types
    Cool Roof Coatings.
    •Coatings are surface treatments that are best applied to low-sloped roofs in
    good condition. They have the consistency of thick paint and contain
    additives that improve their adhesion, durability, suppression of algae and
    fungal growth, and ability to self-wash, or shed dirt under normal rainfall.
    •EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), a synthetic rubber material,
    with seams that must be glued or taped together.
    •CSPE (chlorosulfonated polyethylene), a polymer material, with seams that
    can be heat-welded together.
    •PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and TPO (thermoplastic olefins),
    Cool paving
    Cover large percentage of urban and suburban areas.
    There is 2 way to make pavement cooler:
    1. By increasing their solar reflectance
    2. By increasing their ability to store and evaporate water.
    • Conventional pavements in the United States are impervious concrete*
    and asphalt, which can reach peak summertime surface temperatures of
    120–150°F (48–67°C).2
    • These surfaces can transfer heat downward to be stored in the pavement
    subsurface, where it is re-released as heat at night. The warmer daytime
    surface temperatures also can heat storm water as it runs off the
    pavement into local waterways.
    TYPES OF COOL PAVING
    1 asphalt cement concrete (ACC)
    2 Portland cement concrete (PCC)
    Current

    Future = global Warming

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