The endomembrane system is a network of membranes and sacs within eukaryotic cells that transports molecules and synthesizes proteins and lipids. It includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which synthesizes proteins; the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins and lipids; lysosomes and peroxisomes, which contain digestive enzymes; and vacuoles, which store materials. Together this membrane-bound system transports molecules, modifies and targets proteins and lipids, and houses destructive enzymes to break down materials within cells.
The endomembrane system is a network of membranes and sacs within eukaryotic cells that transports molecules and synthesizes proteins and lipids. It includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which synthesizes proteins; the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins and lipids; lysosomes and peroxisomes, which contain digestive enzymes; and vacuoles, which store materials. Together this membrane-bound system transports molecules, modifies and targets proteins and lipids, and houses destructive enzymes to break down materials within cells.
The endomembrane system is a network of membranes and sacs within eukaryotic cells that transports molecules and synthesizes proteins and lipids. It includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which synthesizes proteins; the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins and lipids; lysosomes and peroxisomes, which contain digestive enzymes; and vacuoles, which store materials. Together this membrane-bound system transports molecules, modifies and targets proteins and lipids, and houses destructive enzymes to break down materials within cells.
The endomembrane system is a network of membranes and sacs within eukaryotic cells that transports molecules and synthesizes proteins and lipids. It includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which synthesizes proteins; the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins and lipids; lysosomes and peroxisomes, which contain digestive enzymes; and vacuoles, which store materials. Together this membrane-bound system transports molecules, modifies and targets proteins and lipids, and houses destructive enzymes to break down materials within cells.
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Endomembrane
System Endomembrane system System of sacs and membranes in the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is only found in eukaryotes
It is the transport network for
molecules targeted for modification or a specific destination Images of cells with ER stained green. Nucleus is blue and mitochondria are red ER has two forms: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Has attached ribosomes Site of assembly of proteins for transport Assembled proteins may be modified
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Synthesizes lipids such as phospholipids and steroids Helps to detoxify wastes, drugs and alcohol Involved in carbohydrate metabolism Involved in regulation of calcium levels RER and Protein Synthesis •Ribosomes bound to the RER at any one time are not a stable part of the organelle's structure
•Ribosomes are constantly
being bound and released from the membrane.
•A ribosome only binds to the
ER once it begins to synthesize a protein Golgi Apparatus Primary function - process and package proteins and lipids that are synthesized elsewhere
Very important in processing proteins for secretion
Vesicles that enter the Golgi Apparatus are processed
and then pinch off on the opposite side to form a new vesicle
Also produces lysosomes: protein containing vesicles
within cells that digest substances Lysosomes and Peroxisomes Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) Digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria Made by Golgi
Peroxisomes Contain enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides Made from other peroxisomes (not from Golgi)
The cell could not house these destructive
enzymes if they were not contained in a membrane-bound system
These organelles are often called a "suicide bag"
because of their ability to destroy the cell Exocytosis and Endocytosis
Getting in and out of cells without passing
through the membrane Exocytosis Endocytosis Endocytosis: Things that are too large to pass through the membrane enter the cell in vesicles
3 main types of transport
Phagocytosis: large objects e.g., bacteria Pinocytosis: dissolved objects Receptor-mediated Endocytosis: vesicles formed in response to a particular chemical e.g., insulin Vacuoles Store food and waste or extra water
Some cells, e.g., Amoeba, have
contractile vacuoles, which are able to pump water out of the cell if there is too much water
Vacuoles of plant cells are
usually larger than those of animals A contractile vacuole is surrounded by radial canals which absorb water from the cytoplasm and move it into the vacuole. Once filled with water, the contractile vacuole contracts and forces the water out of the cell. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxbwiACd0Tw
Full Download of Test Bank For Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition, by T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle, Scott Snyder, ISBN: 9781118549506, ISBN: 9781118147399, ISBN 9781118133576 in PDF DOCX Format
Full Download of Test Bank For Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition, by T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig Fryhle, Scott Snyder, ISBN: 9781118549506, ISBN: 9781118147399, ISBN 9781118133576 in PDF DOCX Format
