Models of Communication

MODELS OF
COMMUNICATI
ON
LINEAR MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• Linear model, communication is
considered one way process
where sender is the only one
who sends message and
receiver doesn’t give feedback
or response.
• The message signal is
encoded and transmitted
through channel in presence of
noise.
• The sender is more prominent
in linear model of
communication.
TYPES OF
LINEAR
COMMUNICATIO
N MODEL
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
•
Aristotle developed a linear

model of Communication for
oral communication known as
Aristotle’s Model of
Communication.
• Thisis considered as the first
model of communication and
was proposed before 300 B.C.
It is also the most widely
accepted among all
communication models.
• Aristotle Model is mainly
focused on speaker and
speech. It can be broadly
divided into 5 primary
elements:Speaker, Speech,
Occasion,
Audience and Effect
• The Aristotle’s communication
model is a speaker centered
model as the speaker has the
most important role in it and is
the only one active.
• It is the speaker’s role to
deliver a speech to the
audience.
• The role of the audience is
passive, influenced by the
speech. This makes the
communication process one
way, from speaker to receiver.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS
OF
A GOOD
COMMUNICATOR
Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be

present in a good communicator or public
speaker. These elements are related to each
other and they reinforce the other elements.
ETHOS
• Ethos is the characteristic which

makes you credible in front of the
audience. If there is no credibility,
the audience will not believe in you
and will not be persuaded by you.
Expertise and positions also give
credibility to a person.
PHATOS
• If what you say matters to them and

they can connect with it, then they will
be more interested and they will think
you are more credible. Emotional
bonds will make the audience
captivated and they feel the speaker
is one of their own people.
LOGOS
• Logos is logic. People believe in you only
if they understand what you are trying to
say. People find logic in everything. If
there is no logic behind the speaker’s work
or time, they do not want to get involved.
Everybody has a sense of reason. You
must present facts to the audience for
them to believe in you.
• There is no concept of feedback, it is one
CRITICISMS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
way from speaker to audience.

• There is no concept
of communication failure like noise and
barriers.
• This model can only be used in public
speaking.
BERLO’S SMCR
MODEL
• In 1960, David Berlo
postulated Berlo’s Sender-
Message-Channel-Receiver
(SMCR) model of
communication from Shanon
and Weavers Model of
Communication (1949).
• He described factors affecting
the individual components in
the communication making the
communication more efficient.
• The model also focuses on
encoding and decoding which
happens before sender sends
the message and before
receiver receives the message
respectively
• Berlo’s Model has mainly, four
components to describe the
communication process. They
are sender, message, channel
and receiver. Each of the
component is affected by many
factors.
CRITICISMS OF
BERLO’S SMCR MODEL
• There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not
considered.
• There is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers
in communication process.
• It is a linear model of communication, there is no two
way communication.
• Both of the people must be similar according to all
the factors mentioned
SHANON AND WEAVERS
MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• Shannon was an American
mathematician whereas Weaver was
a scientist. The Mathematical theory
later came to be known as Shannon
Weaver model of communication or
“mother of all models.” This model is
more technological than other linear
models.
CONCEPTS IN SHANNON
WEAVER MODEL
• Sender (Information source) –
Sender is the person who
makes the message, chooses
the channel and sends the
message.
• Encoder (Transmitter) –
Encoder is the sender who
uses machine, which converts
message into signals or binary
data. It might also directly refer
to the machine.
• Channel – Channel is the
medium used to send
message
• Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is
the machine used to convert
signals or binary data into message
or the receiver who translates the
message from signals.
• Receiver (Destination) –Receiver
is the person who gets the
message or the place where the
message must reach. The receiver
provides feedback according to
the message.
ADVANTAGES OF
SHANNON WEAVER
MODEL
• Concept of noise helps in making the
communication effective by removing the noise or
problem causing noise.
• This model takes communication as a two way
process. It makes the model applicable in general
communication.
• Communication is taken as quantifiable in Shannon
Weaver model.
CRITICISMS OF SHANNON
WEAVER MODEL
• It can be applied more for interpersonal
communication than group communication
and mass communication.
• Receiver plays the passive part in the
communication process as sender plays the
primary role that sends messages.
• Feedback is taken as less important in
comparison to the messages sent by the sender.
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• This model breaks the sender
and receiver model it seems
communication in a practical
way. It is not a traditional
model.
• It can happen within our self or
two people; each person acts
as both sender and receiver
and hence use interpretation. It
is simultaneously take place
e.g. encoding, interpret and
decoding.
• Semantic noise is a concept introduced
here it occurs when sender and receiver
apply different meaning to the same
message. It happens mostly because of
words and phrases for e.g. Technical
Language, So certain words and
phrases will cause you to deviate from
the actual meaning of the
communication
• Note: When semantic noise
takes place decoding and
interpretation becomes difficult
and people get deviated from
the actual message.
• It is a Circular Model, so that
communication is something
circular in nature
• Encoder – Who does encoding or
Sends the message (message
originates)
• Decoder – Who receives the message
• Interpreter – Person trying to
understand (analyses, perceive) or
interpret
• Note: From the message
starting to ending, there is an
interpretation goes on. Based on
this interpretation only the
message is received.
ADVANTAGE OF OSGOOD-
SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• Dynamic model- Shows how a

situation can change
• It shows why redundancy is an
essential part.
• There is no separate sender and
receiver, sender and receiver is
the same person
• Assume communication to be
circular in nature
• Feedback – central feature.
Disadvantage of Schramm
model of communication
• This model does not talk about
semantic noise and it assume
the moment of encoding and
decoding.
INTERACTIVE MODEL
OF COMMUNICATION
• Interactive model
(also known as convergence
model)
deals with exchange of
ideas and messages taking
place both ways from sender to
receiver and vice-versa
• The communication process
take place between humans or
machines in both verbal or non-
verbal way. This is a relatively
new model of communication for
new technologies like web.
• Message: Message is the
information sent during the
interaction.
• Feedback: The decoder forms a
second message after receiving
the first which is known as
feedback.
• Field of Experience: Field of
experience is the experience and
knowledge that the source
possess which affects the
message formation and
interpretation. For example, the
source’s culture, social behavior,
etc.
A good relationship
starts with a good
communication.
Prepared by: SJS 

Models of Communication

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MODELS OF

Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be

• Ethos is the characteristic which

• If what you say matters to them and

way from speaker to audience.

• Dynamic model- Shows how a

Prepared by: SJS 

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