Lecture 5
Lecture 5
Lecture 5
Week 5
Muhammad Faisal
muhammad.faisal@riphah.edu.pk
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book
Rectifier Detector
Envelope Detector
Rectifier Detector
If AM signal is applied to a diode and resistor circuit
as show in figure, the negative part of the AM wave
will be suppressed.
The output across resistor is a half wave rectified
version of AM signal.
The AM signal is multiplied by w(t) to provide with
the rectified version.
Applied a low pass filter to get the actual wave form of
lower frequency.
Rectifier Detector
Rectifier Detector
Envelope Detection
The output of detector follows the envelope of the
modulated signal.
Positive half cycle of the input signal, the diode conducts
and capacitor charge up to the peak voltage of input
signal show in the circuit.
As input signal falls this peak value the diode is cut-off,
because the capacitor voltage is greater than the input
signal voltage.
Capacitor now discharge through the resistor R at a slow
rate.
During the next positive cycle the same drama repeats.
Envelope Detector
Envelope Detector
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
Bandwidth Efficient schemes
QAM
SSB
Cont.….
Cont.….
Two carriers generated at the same frequency but 90º
out of phase with each other allow transmission of two
separate signals
This approach is known as Quadrature AM (QUAM or
QAM)
Recovery of the two signals is accomplished by
synchronous detection by two balanced modulators
AMPLITUDE MODULATION: SSB
Single side band modulation
Cont.….
The two sidebands of an AM signal are mirror images of one
another
c - m c c + m
Single frequency
Question: Why transmit both side bands?
Ans:
Band pass
Upper sideband
filter
c+ m 1
Message DSB-SC
c(t ) cos (c m )t
Multiplier 2
m(t)
Band pass
Lower sideband
filter
Local oscillator
c- m
c(t) = cos ct 1
c(t ) cos (c m )t
2
Local oscillator 1
y (t ) cos (c m )t cos c t
c(t) = cos ct 2
1 1
y (t ) cos ( m t ) cos (2c m )t
4 4
Condition:
•Local oscillator has the same information high frequency
frequency and phase as that of the
carrier signal at the transmitter. Low pass filter
m 2c+m
SSB-SC - Summary
Advantages:
Lower power consumption
Better management of the frequency spectrum
Less prone to selective fading
Lower noise
• Disadvantage:
- Complex detection
• Applications:
- Two way radio communications
- Frequency division multiplexing
- Up conversion in numerous telecommunication systems
PROBLEM 1