Chapter 1

DME 1023
Engineering Graphics
& CAD
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAD
 CHP 1 – Introduction To Engineering Graphics
 CHP 2 – Sketching
 CHP 3 – introduction to 2D CAD
 CHP 4 – Geometrical Construction using CAD
 CHP 5 – CAD Advanced Commands
 CHP 6 – Orthographic Projection
 CHP 7 – Sectional View
 CHP 8 – Dimensioning
 CHP 9 – Tolerencing
 CHP 10 – Geometric Tolerance
 CHP 11 – Working Drawing
COURSEWORK
 Assignment : 40% (6 assignments)

 Project : 30% (1 project)
 Test : 30 % ( 2 tests)
Test 1 : week 8
Test 2 : week 16
Overview of an
Engineering Graphics
(WEEK 1)
TEXT BOOKS FOR
REFERENCE
1. Kalameja, A.J., (2006), “AutoCAD 2006 Tutor for Engineering Graphics”,
Thomson, Delmar Learning.
2. Giesecke, F.E., Mitchell, A., Spencer, H.C., Hill, I.L., Dygdon, J.T., and Novak,
J.E., (2003), “Technical Drawing”, 12th Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson
Education.
3. French, Svensen, Helsel, Urbanick, (1997), “Mechanical Drawing, CAD-
Communications”, 12th Edition, McGraw Hill.
4. Giachino, Beukema, (1995), “Freehand Sketching”, 2 nd Edition, ATP Publication.
5. Stephen & Christine Ethier, (2002), “Instant AutoCAD, Essentials Using AutoCAD
2002”, Prentice Hall.
6. Jensen, C.H., (2002), “Interpreting Engineering Drawings”, 6 th Ed., Delmar
Thomson Learning.
7. McAdam, D. & Winn, R., (2003), “Engineering Graphics”, 2nd Ed., Pearson
Education.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this course, students should be able
to
1. list two types of drawings;
2. describe the need and the important of the

engineering drawing;
3. state the four objectives in engineering drawing;
4. explain why standards are important;
5. describe a few terms of the graphic languages.

TYPES OF
DRAWING
Types of Drawing
(1) Artistic - Artists have used drawings to express

aesthetic, philosophic, or other abstract ideas
(2) Technical - to represent the design of objects to

be built or constructed.
GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description

by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
You can easily understand that …
The word languages are inadequate for describing the

size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.
The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments

or computer methods.
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works , PRO – E, etc.
Examples
Example of CAD
Example of CAD
Example of CAD
Example of CAD
Simple CAD/CAE/CAM Product Lifecycle
C
Design Analysis Manufacturing
CAD CAE CAM
D
Engineering
Drawing
Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Graphics Word
language language
Line Projection Geometric

types method construction Lettering
Traditional
Drawing Tools
TECHNICAL DRAWING BOARD
DRAWING TOOLS
1. T-Square 2. Triangles
DRAWING TOOLS
2H or HB for thick line

4H for thin line
3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils

DRAWING TOOLS
5. Sandpaper 6. Compass
DRAWING TOOLS
7. Pencil Eraser 8. Erasing Shield

DRAWING TOOLS
9. Circle Template 10. Tissue paper

DRAWING TOOLS
11. Sharpener 12. Clean paper

Drawing Code &
Standard
Introduction
To eliminate graphic language provincialisms
and dialects and to give industry
engineering, and science a uniform, effective
graphic language the characters has been standardized.
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical

drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
The most common used standard
• BS308:Part 1:
Engineering Drawing Principles:
Recommendation for General Principles.
• BS308: Part 2:
Engineering Drawing Practice:
Recommendation for dimensioning and
Tolerance of Size.
Others standards are ANSI, ISO, JIS and DIN.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
• Descriptive Geometry
Three-dimensional geometry forming the background for
practical application of the graphic language and through
which many of its problems may be solved graphically.
• Instrumental Drawing or Mechanical Drawing

Drawing made with drawing instruments.
• Computer Graphics
The application of conventional computer techniques to the
analysis, modification, and finalizing of a graphical solution.
The use of computers to produce technical drawings is called
computer-aided design (CAD) or computer-aided design and
drafting (CADD).
• Engineering Drawing and Engineering Drafting

These terms are widely used to denote the graphic
language. Some people may define them as same as
engineering graphic.
• Technical Drawing
This term is applied to any drawing used to express technical
ideas.
• Engineering Graphics or Engineering Design Graphics

Generally applied to drawings for technical use and have
come to mean that part of technical drawing that is
concerned with graphical representation of design and
specifications for physical objects and data relationships as
used in engineering and science.
Technical Sketching
This is the freehand expression of the graphic

language. Technical sketching is a valuable tool for
engineers and others engaged in technical work
because through it most technical ideas can be
expressed quickly and effectively without the use of
special equipment.
Standard Code
Country Code Full name
USA ANSI American National Standard Institute

Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO International Standards Organization

Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
Orientation of drawing sheet
1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)
c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c
Sheet size c (mm) d (mm)

A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
SAMPLE OF DRAWING SHEET
Drawing layout
All engineering drawings
should feature a title block.
The title block should include:
Title:- title of the drawing

Name:- name of the person who produced the drawing
Checked:- before manufacture, drawings are usually checked
Version:- many drawings are amended, each revision must be noted
Date:- the date the drawing was produced or last amended
Notes:- any note relevant to the drawing
Scale:- the scale of the drawing
Company name:- name of the company
Projection:- the projection system used to create the drawing
SAMPLE OF ENGINEERING DRAWING
Drawing Scale
Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.
Size in drawing Actual size
:
Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow
SCALE 1:1 for full size

SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)
Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond

to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
DISCUSSION
1. How an engineering drawing is presentable?
2. What must you practice in order to produce a neat, accurate
and legible drawing? List down.
3. Find out about BS308 and ANSI standards in application of lines
for drawing. Compare the two standards and list down their
similarities and differences.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3.What is the role of engineer on the design team?
4.What is the different between mechanical drawing and
sketching?
5.Why are standards so important for members of the engineering
design team?
6.What is the most important new tool used by drafters?
SUMMARY
1. The members of the engineering design project team must
able to communicate among themselves and with the rest
of the project team in order to contribute to the team’s
success;
2. The graphic language is the universal language used by
every engineering team designing and developing product
through the world;
3. Two basic types of drawings are: artistic and technical;
4. Technical drawing is based on the universal principles of
descriptive geometry;
5. Every technical drawing is based on standards that
prescribe what each symbol, line and arc means;
6. Computer running CAD software is the current tools used
by drafter. However, the basic drawing principles are the
same ones used for hundreds of years.

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DME 1023

 Assignment : 40% (6 assignments)

1. list two types of drawings;

2. describe the need and the important of the

3. state the four objectives in engineering drawing;

4. explain why standards are important;

5. describe a few terms of the graphic languages.

(1) Artistic - Artists have used drawings to express

(2) Technical - to represent the design of objects to

2. Test your written description

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the

The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .

A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments

Line Projection Geometric

2H or HB for thick line

3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils

7. Pencil Eraser 8. Erasing Shield

9. Circle Template 10. Tissue paper

11. Sharpener 12. Clean paper

graphic language the characters has been standardized.

Standards are set of rules that govern how technical

Others standards are ANSI, ISO, JIS and DIN.

• Instrumental Drawing or Mechanical Drawing

• Engineering Drawing and Engineering Drafting

• Engineering Graphics or Engineering Design Graphics

This is the freehand expression of the graphic

USA ANSI American National Standard Institute

ISO International Standards Organization

1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

Sheet size c (mm) d (mm)

The title block should include:

Title:- title of the drawing

Size in drawing Actual size

SCALE 1:1 for full size

Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond

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