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Lecture 23

This document discusses the design of two-way floor slab systems using the direct design method. It provides an overview of one-way and two-way slab behavior, compares the types of two-way slab construction, and outlines the basic steps for two-way slab design including determining minimum slab thickness, distribution of moments, and calculation of positive and negative moments. It also defines important terms like beam-to-slab stiffness ratio used in the direct design method.

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Girma Janka
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views

Lecture 23

This document discusses the design of two-way floor slab systems using the direct design method. It provides an overview of one-way and two-way slab behavior, compares the types of two-way slab construction, and outlines the basic steps for two-way slab design including determining minimum slab thickness, distribution of moments, and calculation of positive and negative moments. It also defines important terms like beam-to-slab stiffness ratio used in the direct design method.

Uploaded by

Girma Janka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 23 - Design of Two-Way

Floor Slab System


November 27, 2001
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals

• One-way and two-way slab


• Direct Method
Comparison of One-way and Two-way
slab behavior
One-way slabs carry
load in one direction.
Two-way slabs carry
load in two directions.
Comparison of One-way and Two-way
slab behavior
One-way and two-way
slab action carry load
in two directions.

One-way slabs: Generally,


long side/short side > 1.5
Comparison of One-way and Two-way
slab behavior

Flat Plate Waffle slab


Comparison of One-way and Two-way
slab behavior

Flat slab Two-way slab with beams


Comparison of One-way and Two-way
slab behavior
ws =load taken by short direction
wl =load taken by long direction
A = B
5ws A4 5wl B 4

384 EI 384 EI
ws B4
 For B  2A  ws  16wl
wl A4
Rule of Thumb: For B/A>2,
design as one-way slab
Two-Way Slab Design
Static Equilibrium of Two-Way Slabs

Analogy of two-way slab to plank and beam floor


Section A-A:
wl12
M  k - ft/ft
Moment per ft width in planks 8
l12
Total Moment  M f  wl2  k - ft
8
Two-Way Slab Design
Static Equilibrium of Two-Way Slabs

Analogy of two-way slab to plank and beam floor


wl1
Uniform load on each beam  k/ft
2  wl1  l22
Moment in one beam (Sec: B-B)  M lb    k - ft
 
 2 8
Two-Way Slab Design
Static Equilibrium of Two-Way Slabs

l22
Total Moment in both beams  M  wl1  k - ft
8
Full load was transferred east-west by the planks and then was
transferred north-south by the beams;
The same is true for a two-way slab or any other floor system.
Basic Steps in Two-way Slab Design
1. Choose layout and type of slab.
2. Choose slab thickness to control deflection. Also,
check if thickness is adequate for shear.
3. Choose Design method
– Equivalent Frame Method- use elastic frame
analysis to compute positive and negative
moments
– Direct Design Method - uses coefficients to
compute positive and negative slab moments
Basic Steps in Two-way Slab Design

4. Calculate positive and negative moments in the slab.


5. Determine distribution of moments across the width of
the slab. - Based on geometry and beam stiffness.
6. Assign a portion of moment to beams, if present.
7. Design reinforcement for moments from steps 5 and 6.
8. Check shear strengths at the columns
Minimum Slab Thickness for two-way
construction
Slabs without interior beams spanning between supports
and ratio of long span to short span < 2

See section 9.5.3.3 For


slabs with beams spanning
between supports on all
sides.
Minimum Slab Thickness for two-way
construction
Slabs without drop panels meeting 13.3.7.1 and 13.3.7.2,
tmin = 5 in
Slabs with drop panels meeting 13.3.7.1 and 13.3.7.2,
tmin = 4 in
Minimum Slab Thickness for two-way
construction
Maximum Spacing of Reinforcement
At points of max. +/- M: s  2t ACI 13.3.2
and s  18 in. ACI 7.12.3
Max. and Min Reinforcement Requirements

As min   As T &S  from ACI 7.12 ACI 13.3.1


As max   0.75 As bal 
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Method of dividing total static moment Mo into
positive and negative moments.

Limitations on use of Direct Design method

1. Minimum of 3 continuous spans in each direction.


(3 x 3 panel)
2. Rectangular panels with long span/short span  2
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
3. Successive span in each direction shall not differ by
more than 1/3 the longer span.
4. Columns may be offset from the basic rectangular
grid of the building by up to 0.1 times the span
parallel to the offset.
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
5. All loads must be due to gravity only (N/A to
unbraced laterally loaded frames, from mats or
pre-stressed slabs)
6. Service (unfactored) live load  2 times service dead
load
Direct Design Method for Two-way Slab
Limitations on use of Direct Design method
7. For panels with beams between supports on all
sides, relative stiffness of the beams in the 2
perpendicular directions.
l 2
1 2

l2 1
2

Shall not be less than 0.2 nor greater than 5.0


Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio, 

Accounts for stiffness effect of beams located along


slab edge reduces deflections of panel
adjacent to beams.

flexural stiffness of beam



flexural stiffness of slab
Definition of Beam-to-Slab Stiffness Ratio, 
4E cb I b / l 4E cb I b
 
4E cs I s / l 4E cs I s
E cb  Modulus of elasticity of beam concrete
E sb  Modulus of elasticity of slab concrete
I b  Moment of inertia of uncracked beam
I s  Moment of inertia of uncracked slab

With width bounded laterally by centerline of


adjacent panels on each side of the beam.
Beam and Slab Sections for calculation of 
Beam and Slab Sections for calculation of 
Beam and Slab Sections for calculation of 

Definition of beam cross-section


Charts may be used to calculate Fig. 13-21
Distribution of Moments

Slab is considered to be a series of frames in


two directions:
Distribution of Moments

Slab is considered to be a series of frames in


two directions:
Distribution of Moments

Total static Moment, Mo


wu l2ln2
M0  ACI 13 - 3
8
where wu  factored load per unit area
l2  transverse width of the strip
ln  clear span between columns
for circular columns, calc. ln using h  0.886d c 
Column Strips and Middle Strips
Moments vary across width of slab panel

 Design moments are averaged over the


width of column strips over the
columns & middle strips between
column strips.
Column Strips and Middle Strips
Column strips Design
w/width on either side of
a column centerline equal
to smaller of 0.25 l2

 0.25 l1
l1= length of span in direction
moments are being
determined.
l2= length of span transverse
to l1
Column Strips and Middle Strips
Middle strips: Design
strip bounded by two
column strips.
Positive and Negative Moments in Panels
M0 is divided into + M and -M Rules given in ACI
sec. 13.6.3
Positive and Negative Moments in Panels
M0 is divided into + M and -M Rules given in ACI
sec. 13.6.3

wu l2ln2
 M u  Avg  M u  M 0 
8
Distribution of M0
Distribution of M0
ACI Sec 13.6.3.4
For spans framing into a common support negative moment
sections shall be designed to resist the larger of the 2 interior
Mu’s
ACI Sec. 13.6.3.5
Edge beams or edges of slab shall be proportioned to resist
in torsion their share of exterior negative factored moments
Factored Moment in
Column Strip
 Ratio of flexural stiffness of
beam to stiffness of slab in
direction l1.
t Ratio of torsional stiffness of
edge beam to flexural stiffness
of slab(width= to beam
length)
Factored Moment in
Column Strip
 Ratio of flexural stiffness
of beam to stiffness of slab
in direction l1.
t Ratio of torsional stiffness
of edge beam to flexural
stiffness of slab(width= to
beam length)
Factored Moments

Factored Moments in beams (ACI Sec. 13.6.3)


Resist a percentage of column strip moment plus
moments due to loads applied directly to beams.
Factored Moments
Factored Moments in Middle strips (ACI Sec. 13.6.3)

The portion of the + Mu and - Mu not resisted


by column strips shall be proportionately
assigned to corresponding half middle strips.
Each middle strip shall be proportioned to
resist the sum of the moments assigned to its 2
half middle strips.
Example : Distribution of
Moments by Direct Method
A plan view of a typical interior bay of a
two-way slab system is shown in the
figure. Assume that all adjacent interior
bays have the same dimension. 8in slab
SDL=20 lb/ft2 LL=75 lb/ft2
Determine The appropriate design
moments that would be used to size the
flexural reinforcement for slab strips
running east-west direction. Use direct
design method to compute factored design
moments/ft (a) interior support -column
strip,(b) interior support middle strip (c )
midspan- column strip, (d) midspan
middle strip

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