WIRED LOCAL AREA

NETWORK
CONNECTION
Objectives
• To know the various types of network access technologies.
• To know how NIC is used to link devices to cable networks.
• To know on how to build a UTP wired network.
What is Transmission Data?
This is a path that transports data from sender to recipient. To transport
data, we use different type of cable waves. To transmit
Data we use Electrical or Electromagnetic signals.

What is Electromagnetic Signals?

Current is the form of an electrical signal, A series of electromagnetic
energy pulses at different frequencies.
Types of Transmission Data.
Communication Media Types.
– Fundamental communication takes place at the OSI Physical layer
(also known as Layer 1), which manages communication media and
network interfaces.

OSI Layer 1: Media and interface communication

Five Basic Forms of Contact Media.
• Coaxial cable: its core is made up of copper.
• Twisted-pair cables (UTP and STP): made up of eight insulated
coppers
• Fiber optic cable: can be Composed of plastic or fiber glass
• Hybrid fiber optic cable/ coaxial cable: made up of both copper and
fiber glass cable.
• 1. Wireless technologies:it can pertain to a radio wave or a microwave
Factors that influence the options of
media networks to be used LAN or
WAN.
• Speed of data transfer
• Using in specific network topologies
• Specifications for distance
• Prices of cable and network modules
• if an additional network equipment may be needed
• Flexible and easy installation;
• Prevention to EMI/RFI signal problems coming from outside sources
• Options to update
• Security
2. Backbone Cable.
It Refers to a particular form of cable that is mounted between network
equipment rooms, building floors and is mostly used to connect
network devices.
Plenum Cable
Teflon-coated refers to a cable type which is not poisonous when
heated or burnt. A plenum cable is usually installed in office buildings
and in households.

Impedance : total volume of resistance to current flow and is expressed

in ohms.
Coaxial Cable.
was the first form of media identified by network standards (early
1980s)

Two types of Coaxial Cable.

Thick Coaxial Cable : Found in early networks, primarily as a used a
backbone cable.
Thin Coaxial Cable : used to link desktops to LANs. Generally, thinner
than the latter mentioned cable.
Thick coaxial cable (thick wire, thick
net, RG-8)
• sized 4 inches diameter. It has a diameter-core consisting of a
conductor made of copper. The said main conductor is shielded by
insulation, wrapped by an aluminum sleeve that is enclosed with a
PVC or Teflon jacket for proper grounding.

• The cable jacket is marked every 2.5 m to show where a network-

connecting device can be attached.
Thick Coax RG-8 Cable.
Media Access Unit or MAU
• Transceiver is a connecting device driven by a small current of 5
amperes. It connects to an AUI cable through its 15-pin contact
device.
• The AUI cable acts as an intermediary cable that connects the node to
the MAU transceiver. An AUI cable can have a maximum of 50 meters
length and has an allowable overall cable section length of about 500
meters. The impedance of an AUI is around 50 ohms.
• This type of coaxial cable complies with a 10Base5 standard.
• 10 = 10 Mbps is the allowed transmission rate
• Base = refers to baseband transmissions
5 = is equivalent to a hundred so it is read as 500, this indicates that we
can have a maximum of 500 meters long cable for this type of coaxial.
Thick Coaxial Cable Network.
The figures above are showing the specifications
of a latter mentioned type of coaxial cable
An RG-58A/U Coaxial Cable (also known as Thin coaxial cable; Thin
net; Radio Grade 58) is another type of a coaxial cable that can bear an
impedance of 50 ohms. A thin net cable follows the 10Base2 network
standard.

Thin net coaxial cable is around 2 inches smaller than its predecessor
The 10Base2 standard has the
following specifications stated below
• 10 = refers to the ideal transmission rate in mbps, which is 10 mbps
• Base = means it uses a baseband for data transmission
• 2 = is equivalent to a hundred meter, making it 200 meters (latest was
now reduced to just 185 meters) of allowed maximum wire length
Bayonet nut connector (BNC)
links to a cable while its other end is attached to a T-connector. A T-
connector’s middle is used for attaching to Network Interface cards
while its end has a 3.Terminator.
The illustration above shows a Thin
Coaxial cable setup
Reasons why Thin Coaxial cable is
better than Thick coaxial cables
• Thin coaxial cables are less complicated to install and use than its
predecessor.
• Despite of reduced in demand, coaxial cables still proved to be more
effective in blocking interferences (EMI/RFI) than twisted pair cables.
• Coaxial cables are still in used and dominantly found in legacy
networks.
The tabulated information above shows the
summarized characteristics of the said coaxial type
4.Twisted Pair Cables.
contains a set of eight color coded insulators covering the wires inside.
The color-coded wires are then coated by another insulating PVC or
Teflon jacket.
Features of a twisted pair cable are
stated below:
• It contorts internal wires to reduce signal interferences
• 100 m long cable can be supported
• This is much faster than coaxial cables, as twisted pairs can provide up
to 10 Gbps of speed.
5.Registered Jack 45 or RJ-45
is a type of a connector mounted to your devices like routers, modems,
etc while the other end of it is linked to your computer's NIC port. It is
also cheaper than T-connectors used in coaxial cables.
The picture above shows what a
configured twisted pair network
media looks like
Two Type of Twisted Pair Cable.
• Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP)
• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)
6.Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP)
commonly has a woven or corrugated shield that functions a shield for
signal interferences (EMI/RFI). An STP cable has a double coating
insulation.
Example of Shielded Twisted Pair
Cable.
7.Twisted-pair (UTP)
• This UTP cable is the most widely used twisted pair cable on LAN it is
use in networks, which also reduces signal interference and features a
variety of network cable models that demonstrates how much UTP
has evolved over the years since it was launched.
Example of Unshielded Twisted Pair
Cable.
This type of cable follows the
10BaseT standard for network with.
• Cat3 (or Category #3): the initial model of UTP cable and can level up to 16 Mbps
transfer speed
• Cat4 (or Category #4): levels up to 20 Mbps transfer speed.
• Cat5 (or Category #5) has a huge gap of transmission speed from its previous
models as it can support up to100 Mbps.
• Cat5e (or Category #5 enhanced) is another version of category #5 but with added
features. Unlike the Cat5 cables, it can now support 1Gbps transfer speed and
upgraded its copper wires to achieve a higher percentage of interference shield.
• 8.Cat6 (or Category #6) its wire pairs are bundled into separated insulation foils and
features a plastic coating immune to fire. It also supports 1 Gbps transfer rate.
• Cat7 (Category #7) is complex to install and use but proved to be very effective with
signal interferences.
Twisted Pair.
Horizontal Cabling
• Refers to network wires linking workstations and servers in a specific
work area. This method mostly supports UTP network media’s
starting from cat5e up to the latest version.
This table above shows the 10BaseT
(UTP cable specifications)
This table above shows the 10BaseT
(UTP cable specifications)
UTP cable wires should be
connected to an RJ45
Straight thru UTP cable and
Crossover UTP cable color coding
Fiber Optic cable
is a kind of cable that can be made up of a either fiber glass/ or plastic
cores enclosed inside a glass cladding. Each of these fiber cores has a
PVC cover and the same goes for its glass cladding, as it also has a PVC
cover. Its data transmissions are measured by light or also known as
infrared.
There are three common variations
of fiber cable are the following
50/125 fiber optic(μm)
• Micrometer (μm): refers to a million of a meters. A nanometer (nm) a
thousand times minuscule than a micrometer (um).
• 50 – refers to the size of the core diameter
• 125- suggested diameter for cladding
• 62.5/125 fiber optic(μm)
• 100/140 fiber optic(μm)
Fiber Optic
Light transmissions of a fiber optic
cable
A light that travels from one node to another is called a “light
wavelength” and can be measured by the smallest unit of
measurement called 9.nano (nm) meters. It’s travel range can be from
around seven hundred up to one thousand six hundred nanometers. Its
speed wavelength range are from 850; 1300 and 1500 nanometers.
Fiber-optic cables can be classified
between.
• Single Mode
• Multiple Mode.
Single Mode
• usually used for Communication over great distances and it also used
for 1/125 fiber optic for transmission of data one at a time. The signal
is through a form of “laser light”.
Multiple Mode.
• From the word itself multi, supports various waves (broadband).
There are two ways to categorize a multimode: 10.step index fiber
optic and 11.graded index fiber optic. Its suggested diameter size for
cable is around 50 to 115 um. It also uses a light emitting diode (LED)
tom achieve a high-speed data transmission
Fiber optic cables have three common types of
connectors to support the varying network needs.
• Subscriber fiber optic connector (SC)
• Straight tip fiber optic connector (ST)
• MTRJ fiber optic connector
The Tabular data above shows the
indicators for single mode in a cable
backbone
The Tabular records above shows
the indicators for multimode in a
cable backbone
Hybrid Fiber Optic cables/Coaxial
Cables also known as HFC
HFC’s are commonly used in cable networks to maximize its bandwidth
allowance and lessen the amount of noise interruption.
Two Types High Speed Standards
• 14.Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u)
• 15.Gigabit (Gbps) Ethernet
IEEE 802.3u or fast ethernet
• Is a 100-megabit internet data rate transfer usually connected to a
UTP. It holds the record as the fastest type of Ethernet standard for
years until the release of
12.Gigabit Ethernet
• It is A wide array of fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3u standard versions can
be found on the table below along with their descriptions.
Sample scenario of a 100BaseVG
standard.
Two ways of data Transmission.
• Half-duplex: Do not simultaneously allow the sending and receiving of
data.
• 13.Full-duplex: it Has two logical pathways or bi-directional network
path that made the send and receiving of data to simultaneously pass
through.
Steps on how to do Peer to Peer
Networking.
• Navigate your Desktop.
• Create Folder
• Go to the Folder you just created earlier and right click and open the Properties
• Choose the device or node you want to share with.
• Sharing your configured folder using peer to peer
• Changing permissions
• Find the Control Panel
• Choosing a network setup and File sharing
• Advanced Sharing
• Choose Home and Work / Public Network for your network type
• Select all options
• Finding your shared device
• Find the Folder that’s been shared
Navigate your Desktop
Open the
command line or
CMD, and then
typed in the < cd
Desktop >
command to
change to the
desktop catalog.
Step 2: Create a Folder.
Using the < md *
folder name*>
command. Make sure
it's available on your
screen. The md
command helps you
to create a new folder.
Click the space bar
after tying md and set
any name for your
folder. Put a quotation
mark if your folder has
two names.
Step 3 Go to the Folder you just
created earlier and right click and
open the Properties
Find the folder that
you just created and
hover your mouse
over it and right-
click on the folder
icon. You’ll see the
options menu. On
the option menu,
press the properties
tab. Find the File
sharing.
Step 4: Choose the device or node
you want to share with.
Inside the file sharing
option find or type <
Everyone > and press the
Add button located on
upper right side. After
you've done this press
share, and then switch to
advanced sharing. The
default folder
configuration setting is
“read-only”. This means
that a person can only
access your files/folder but
can’t do much anything
than to just view it.
Step 5: Sharing your configured
folder using peer to peer
Inside the
“Advanced
Sharing” prompt.
Click on the box to
share the folder or
file, then go to the
permissions
section.
Step 6: Changing permissions
Ensure strict
supervision of those
with access to the
shared folder. Click
the "Apply", then
click "Ok"
afterwards. After
you have clicked
OK, you are back to
the advanced share
tab.
Step 7: Find the Control Panel
Inside the “Control
Panel” look for the
“Network and
Internet” option
and click it.
Step 8: Choosing a network setup
and File sharing
On the Network
and Internet tab
choose “Network
and Sharing
Center”.
Step 9: Advanced Sharing
Inside the Network
Sharing Center
hover your mouse
on the top left part
of the screen and
click the “Change
advanced sharing
settings”
Step 10: Choose Home and Work /
Public Network for your network
type
Inside the
“Advanced Sharing
settings” choose
“Home or Work”
Step 11: Select All Options
Step 12: Go into Network
Go to your
client computer
and look for the
file explorer. On
the left part of
your screen,
look for the
“Network” tab
and click it.
Step 13: Finding your shared device
Go to the Server
PC and check for
your shared
folder
Step 14: Find the folder that's been
shared
Find the Network
and click it, once
done choose “Shared
Folder” and you can
find the folder you
have made before in
this folder. If you see
a green dash
underneath the
folder icon, it means
that your folder is
properly configured.
END OF SLIDES
THANK YOU!