RANDOM

SAMPLING
 SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
 OBJECTIV
ES
At the end of the day, the learners must be
able to:
a. Illustrates random sampling;
b. Differentiates types of random
sampling; and
c. Give examples of random sampling.
 POPULATION VS. SAMPLE

A population includes Sample consists of one

all elements from a or more data drawn
set of data. from the population. It
is a subset, or an
incomplete set taken
from a population of
objects or
observations.
What is meant by sampling?
Sampling is a technique of selecting
individual members or a subset of the
population to make statistical
inferences from them and estimate
characteristics of the whole population.
 PROBABILITY VS. NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
Sampling is a technique of selecting
individual members or a subset of the
population to make statistical
inferences from them and estimate
characteristics of the whole population.
 PROBABILITY VS. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Probability Sampling is a In non-probability sampling, the
sampling technique where a researcher chooses members
researcher sets a selection of for research at random. This
a few criteria and chooses sampling method is not a fixed
members of a population or predefined selection process.
randomly. All the members This makes it difficult for all
have an equal opportunity to elements of a population to
be a part of the sample with have equal opportunities to be
this selection parameter. included in a sample.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
Simple random
sampling is defined as a
sampling technique
where every item in the
population has an even
chance and likelihood of
being selected in the
sample.
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING Is the most basic random
sampling wherein each element
in the population has an equal
probability of being selected.
They are usually represented by a
unique identification number that
is written on equal-sized and
shaped papers and then selection
of samples is possible through the
lottery method. Random numbers
selected to decide which
elements are included as the
sample. The drawing number of
paper is based on the desired
number of samples.
 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Pros: there’s no need to divide the population
into subgroups or take any other additional
steps before selecting members of the
population at random.
Cons: the samples might not be
representative, and it could be time-
consuming for large populations.
Use Case: it’s used when we don’t know too
much about the population.
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
Stratified random sampling
is a random sampling
wherein the population is
divided into different strata
or divisions. The number of
samples will be
proportionately picked in
each stratum that is why all
strata are represented in
the samples.
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
Pros: it captures key population
characteristics, so the sample is more
representative of the population.
Cons: it’s ineffective if subgroups cannot be
formed.
Use Case: it’s commonly used in geographic
sampling where strata can be states,
countries, or ecoregions.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM
SAMPLING
Systematic random
sampling is a random
sampling that uses a list of
all the elements in the
population and then
elements are being
selected based on the kth
consistent intervals. To get
the kth interval, divide the
population size by the
sample size.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
Pros: it can eliminate clustered selection, and
it’s simple to execute.
Cons: we need to predetermine the estimated
population size. It doesn’t work well if the
population has a type of standardized pattern.
Use Case: it’s used when the relevant data
does not exhibit patterns.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Cluster sampling is a
random sampling wherein
population is divided into
clusters or groups and
then the clusters are
randomly selected. All
elements of the clusters
randomly selected are
considered the samples of
the study.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Pros: it reduces variability, and it’s easy to
conduct.
Cons: it is possible to introduce bias during
sampling.
Use Case: it’s used when all individuals in
each cluster can be representative of the
populations.
 Examples
: Types of random sampling.
1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of
paper, mixes the papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of
paper.
2. A researcher selects every 7th student from a random list.
3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those
students who count a multiple of 7 numbers.
4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7
names by gender.
5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected
classes out of 7 classes
 TYPES OF NON-
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Convenience sampling is
defined as a method
adopted by researchers
where they collect market
research data from a
conveniently available pool
of respondents. It is the
most commonly used
sampling technique as it’s
incredibly prompt,
uncomplicated, and
economical.
CONVENIENC
E SAMPLING
JUDGEMENTAL SAMPLING
Judgmental sampling, also
called purposive sampling
or authoritative sampling,
is a non-probability
sampling technique in
which the sample
members are chosen only
on the basis of the
researcher’s knowledge
and judgment.
PURPOSIVE
SAMPLING
SNOWBALL SAMPLING
Snowball sampling or chain-
referral sampling is defined
as a non-probability
sampling technique in
which the samples have
traits that are rare to find.
This is a sampling
technique, in which existing
subjects provide referrals to
recruit samples required for
a research study.
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING
Advantages:
1. It’s quicker to find samples.
2. Cost effective.
3. Sample hesitant subjects.
Disadvantages:
1. Sampling bias and margin of error.
2. Lack of cooperation
QUOTA SAMPLING
Quota sampling is defined
as a non-probability
sampling method in which
researchers create a
sample involving
individuals that represent
a population. Researchers
choose these individuals
according to specific traits
or qualities.
 RECALL / DRILL
Review about sample and population
using your hands.
Identify which of the following given is
the sample and the population.
Show 👌if it’s a sample and 👋if it’s a
population.
POPULATION1. The total number of
students in G11 ICT.
SAMPLE 2. The total number of boys in
section Dao of G11 Computer
POPULATION
Programming.
3. the average height of Grade
SAMPLE
11 students is 150cm.
4. the average weight of 20
grade 11 students is 55kgs.
 GUESS WHAT!
Directions: Using the given on the
first activity, which of the following
statements is the parameter and
statistics? Write the answer before
each number.
PARAMETER
___________ 1. The total number of
students in G11 ICT.
STATISTIC
___________ 2. The total number of boys in
section DAO of G11 ICT - Computer
Programming.
PARAMETER
___________ 3. the average height of Grade
11 students is 150cm.
STATISTIC
___________ 4 . the average weight of 20
grade 11 students is 55kgs.
 Process QUESTIONS
1. How do you find the activity?
2. Based on the examples, how can
you differentiate parameter and
statistics?
PARAMETER
and
STATISTICS
Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. Senior High
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the day, the learners must be able
to:
a. Determine the difference between
parameter and statistics.
b. Give examples of a parameter and
statistics in our daily life situation.
c. Appreciate the importance of parameter
and statistics
DEFINITION
: Parameter and Statistic
A parameter is a number
describing a whole population
(e.g., population mean)
while a statistic is a number
describing a sample (e.g., sample
mean).
Activity:
Direction: Identify if it is Statistics or parameter
1. 70% of the entire population in the Philippines is
female.
2. Based on the sample from the Philippines population it
was determined that 60% consider themselves
overweight.
3. Out of 4,000 students in Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. SHS, 38% of
them is aware in the upcoming Bayle sa Kalye in the
Division of General Trias City.
4. All the students in the Philippines will enjoy their
Summer vacation starting June 1 to July 26, 2024.
 COMPUTE
:
Direction: Answer the following, then
identify if it is statistic or parameter.
Statistic 1. The HE students will be
___________
conducting a survey for their Practical
research I. If they need a 40%
respondent of all 960 TVL students. How
many students do they
384 students need to survey?
 COMPUTE:
Direction: Answer the following, then
identify if it is statistic or parameter.
Parameter Sir Jhepoy, the Clinic
____________2.
teacher together with the P.E. Teachers,
want to know the mean of the BMI of all
the students in LYFJSHS. How many
percent of the data 100% datato
is needed offind the
students
mean of BMI?
 COMPUTE:
3. The Entrepreneurship teachers will
study the number of senior high school
student who want to have their own
Statistics
business after graduation.
___________ a. suppose there are 4,000
students in the school, and 17% of Senior
high school students are asked for the
680 many
survey. How students
students is needed for
 COMPUTE:
3. The Entrepreneurship teachers will
study the number of senior high school
student who want to have their own
Parameter
business after graduation.
___________ b. if all senior high school
students is required to answer the survey.
How much100%
of theofpopulation
the of LYFJSHS
students
student are needed?
 EVALUATIO
N:
Determine the following is parameter or
statistics
1. the Proportion of all students who
attended the the last football games.
2.The proportion of registered voters who
voted in november
3.The mean height of a sample of NBA
basketball players.
 EVALUATIO
N:
Determine the following is parameter or
statistics
4. The mean SAT (Student Admission Test)
of Entering Freshmen.
5. The Proportion of people who prefer
coke over pepsi in a sample of mall
shoppers.
6. The mean number of pepperroni slices
 EVALUATIO
N:
Determine the following is parameter or
statistics
1. the Proportion of all students who
attended the the last football games.
PARAMETER
2.The proportion of registered voters who
voted in november
PARAMETER
3.The mean height of a sample of NBA
basketballSTATISTICS
players.
 EVALUATIO
N:
Determine the following is parameter or
statistics
PARAMETER
4. The mean SAT (Student Admission Test) of
Entering Freshmen.
5. The Proportion of people who prefer coke
over pepsi in a sample of mall shoppers.
STATISTICS
6. The mean number of pepperroni slices on
a 12” pizza from a sample of a certain brand
STATISTICS
 SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
OF THE
SAMPLE
MEANS
 In statistics class, the class is
REVIEW:
divided into small groups. Weekly, the leaders will
assign a reporter, checker, time keeper and writer. If
there are 6 members in a group, how many
combinations are there?
Guide questions:
1. What is the formula for Combinations?
N6

2. How many= 5 combination of 4 members in a group

of 6 members?
3. Using calculator technique
nCr how are=we going to
find combinations?
POPULATI SAMP
ON SIZE LE
SIZE
At the end of the lesson, you
OBJECTIVES:

(learners) must be able to:

a. Define sampling distribution.
b. construct the sampling
distribution.
c. value the importance of
constructing the sampling
distribution.
 ACTIVITY:

Determine the number of different

samples of the given size n that can
be drawn from the given population
of size N.
you may use your calculator Function NCr
 Determine the number of different samples of
the given
ACTIVITY: size n that can be drawn from the given
population of size N. you may use your calculator Function NCr

N n Number of possible
samples
7 3
15 5
35

50 4
3, 003

10 3
230,

25 4
120
300
12, 650
 DEFINITION
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE
SAMPLE MEANS
 is a frequency distribution of the
sample mean computed from all
possible random samples of a
specific size n taken from a
population.
 It is also called probability
 Review:
The following table gives
OFFIC SALAR
the monthly salaries (in
ER Y
thousands of pesos) of six A 8
officers in a government
office. Suppose that
B 12
random samples of size 4
C 16
are taken from this
D 20
population of six officers. E 24
F 28
 ACTIVITY:

1. How many samples are possible?

List them and compute the mean of
each sample.
2. Construct the sampling distribution
of the sample means.
3. Construct the histogram of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means.
 STEP 1: Determine the number of sets of all
possible random samples that can be drawn from the
given population by using the formula, NCn, where N is the
population size and n is the sample size.
• In our activity, we are given with a population of 8, 12, 16, 20,
24 and 28 and sample size of 4, therefore we have
N6

• *or you may use your

calculator Function NCr
 Sample Mean
8, 12, 16, 20 8 + 12 + 16 + 20 = 56/4 = 14
STEP 2: 8, 12, 16, 24 15
8, 12, 16, 28 16
List all the possible random 8, 12, 20, 24 16
samples and solve for the sample 8, 12, 20, 28 17

OFFIC SALAR
mean of each set of samples. 18
8, 12, 24, 28
ER Y
8, 16, 20, 24 17

A 8
8, 16, 20, 28 18

B 12
8, 16, 24, 28 19

C 16
8, 20, 24, 28 20
18
D 20
12, 16, 20, 24
12, 16, 20, 28 19
E 24 12, 16, 24, 28 20
F 28 12, 20, 24, 28 21
16, 20, 24, 28 22
 Sample Frequenc Probabilit
Means y (f) y P()

STEP 3: 14 1
15 1
Construct a frequency
and probability 16 2
distribution table of 17 2
the sample means 18 3
indicating its number 19 2
of occurrence or the
20 2
frequency and
21 1
probability.
22 1
Total 15
Sample Probability
Means P() STEP 4:

Graph the given Probability Distribution

14

(Probability Histogram).
15
16

0.20
17
18
19 Probabiliti 0.13
es
20
0.07
P(
21

14 15 16 17 18 19 20
22

21 22
Total

Sample Means
 P() () • P() ()2 ()2 • P()
14 0.067 0.938 196 13.132
15 0.067 1.005 225 15.075
5. Compute 16 0.133 2.128 256 34.048
the mean, 17 0.133 2.261 289 38.437
variance and
Standard 18 0.20 3.60 324 64.80
Deviation of 19 0.133 2.527 361 48.013
the sampling
20 0.133 2.66 400 53.2
distribution of
the sample 21 0.067 1.407 441 29.547
means. 22 0.067 1.474 484 32.428
= ∑ [•P()] = 18 ∑ [2 • P()] = 328.68
a. Compute the mean of the
sampling distribution of the sample
mean (
=
= (14 ∙ 0.067)+(15 ∙ 0.067)+(16 ∙ 0.133)+(17 ∙
0.133)+(18 ∙ 0.20)
+(19 ∙ 0.133)+(20 ∙ 0.133) +(21 ∙ 0.067)+(22 ∙ 0.067)
= 0.933+1.00+2.133+2.267 + 3.60 + 2.533 + 2.667 + 1.40 +
1.467
 b. Compute the variance (and the
standard deviation (of the sampling

Variance
distribution of the sample means.

=
Variance

= 328.68 – 182 = 4.68

=

=
=
 6. Find the mean,
Variance and standard a. Compute the
deviation of the populationmean of the
X X2 population (µ)
8 64
=
12 144
16 256
20 400
24 576 = = 18
28 784
∑x = ∑x2 =
 6. Find the mean,
Variance and standard b. Compute the
deviation of the population
variance (σ ) of the
2

X X2 population.
8 64
12 144 = -
16 256
20 400
24 576
28 784
∑x = ∑x2 =
 6. Find the mean,
Variance and standard
C. Compute the standard
deviation of the population
deviation (σ) of the
population.
X X2
8 =
64
12 144
16 256
20 400
24 576
28 784
∑x = ∑x2 =
 Alternative Formula:
Variance = ·
Standard deviation = ·
 Properties of the Sampling
Distribution of the Sample Mean
1. The mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample
means is equal to the
population mean. That is,
=µ
2. The variance of the
sampling distribution of the
sample means is given by:
 = · for finite population
 = for infinite population
3. The standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample means is given by:
 = · for finite population where is the
finite population correction factor
 = for infinite population
4. The standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means is also called standard error o
the mean.

It measures the degree of accuracy of the

sample mean as an estimate of the
population mean
 studen Height
The following are t (in cm)
ACTIVITY:

heights of five Bert 120

students in Tony 130
centimeters. Suppose Danny 110
sample size of 3 is Henry 125
taken from this Peter 115
population of five
students..
 Problems
involving
Sampling
Distribution of
Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. Senior High
 OBJECTIV
At the end of the session, the learners must be
ES
able to:
1. Illustrate central limit theorem and sampling
distribution of the sample mean.
2. Solves problems involving sampling distributions of
the sample mean
3. Apply the concepts of central limit theorem in
solving real-life problems.
4. Appreciate the importance of Central Limit
Theorem in relation to problem solving.
The Central Limit Theorem
If random samples of size n are
drawn from a population, then as n
becomes larger, the sampling
distribution of the sample mean
approaches the normal distribution,
regardless of the shape of the
population distribution.
CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
X  X 
z z
 
n If NO sample size is
given.
If sample size is
given.
 EXAMPLE
S:
1. Suppose that the average age of the people
living in a Barangay is 34 with a standard
deviation of 4. If 100 residents of a certain
Barangay decided to take summer outing after
COVID-19 pandemic and Enhanced Community
Quarantine has been lifted for bonding and
relaxation, what is the probability that the
average age of these residents is less than 35?
 1. Suppose that the average age of the people living in a Barangay is 34 with a standard
EXAMPLE deviation of 4. If 100 residents of a certain Barangay decided to take summer outing after
COVID-19 pandemic and Enhanced Community Quarantine has been lifted for bonding and
relaxation, what is the probability that the average age of these residents is less than 35?
S: Convert the raw score to
GIVE Find the probability of the
the standard score using

P(𝒛 < 2.50) 0.9938

computed Z-score, Using the
N: the formula. Z-Table:
= 34
4 = Or
n = 100 99.38%
99.38 % Therefore, the
= 35 probability that the
P(<35) = = 2.50 random sample of
100 persons has an
It? is not given average of fewer
that the than 35 years is
population is -3 -2 -1 0 1 0.9938 or 99.38%
2 3
normally 2.5
0
distributed but
 EXAMPLE
2. The heights of male college students are
S:
normally distributed with mean of 68 inches
and standard deviation of 3 inches. If 25
samples are drawn from 80 students, what
would be the expected mean and standard
deviation of the resulting sampling
distribution of the sample means? what is the
probability that the average height of these
College student is greater than 67 inches?
 EXAMPLE 2. The heights of male college students are normally distributed with mean of
68 inches and standard deviation of 3 inches. If 25 samples are drawn from 80
students, what would be the expected mean and standard deviation of the
resulting sampling distribution of the sample means ? what is the probability
S: that the average height of these College student is greater than 67 inches?
GIVEN
P(𝒛 > -
Find the probability of the
Compute for the computed Z-score, Using the Z-
Convert the raw
: expected mean. ()
score to the Table: =1–
= 68 standard score using 2.00) 0.0228
3 the formula.
= 0.9772
n = 25 68 97.72 %
Compute for the Or 97.72%
N = 80 Standard Error ()
67 -3 -2 -1 0 1
=? 0.6 • 0.8344 =– 2- 3
2.0the probability that the
Therefore,
=?
P(>67) =
2.00 0
random sample of 25 college
students has a height taller than 67
? inches is 0.9772 or 97.72%
 EXAMPL
3. A division – wide aptitude test in
ES:
Mathematics was conducted for Senior
high school. The mean score of the test is
58.5 and standard deviation is 12. The
scores also approximate the normal
distribution. If 64 randomly selected
senior high students take the examination,
what is the probability that the mean
score of the test is between 55 and 60?
 EXAMPLE 3. A division – wide aptitude test in Mathematics was conducted for Senior high school. The mean score
of the test is 58.5 and standard deviation is 12. The scores also approximate the normal distribution. If
64 randomly selected senior high students take the examination, what is the probability that the mean
score of the test is between 55 and 60?

S: Convert the raw score to Find the probability of the

the standard score using computed Z-score, Using the
GIVE the formula.
Z-Table:
P(-2.33 < z < = 0.8413 –
N: 55 60
1.00) 0.0099
= 58.5 = 0.8314
12 83.14 %
Therefore, the
Or 83.14%
n = 64 probability that the
random sample of
55 64 senior high
= - 2.33 = 1.00
60 students has a
-3 -2 -1 0 1
score between 55
P(55<<60) - 2 3
1 and 60 is 0.8314 or
=? 2.3 83.14%
3