4 th

Quarter
4 Quarter
th

Prepared by: Ma’am Jamila T. Cabilangan, LPT

ANSWER ME!

✎ Direction.
End
End
End
 LessonObjectives:
Lesson Atthe
Objectives:At theend
endof
ofthis
thischapter,
chapter,you
youshould
shouldbe
be
ableto
able todo
dothe
thefollowing:
following:

1.Illustrate random sampling;

2.Distinguish between parameter and statistics;
3.Identify sampling distributions of statistics (sample
mean); and
4.Solve problems involving sampling distributions of the
sample mean. .
Introduction:
✎ Gathering useful information for research study from a
large group of individuals or object, does not only involve a
great deal of time, but is costly, as well.

✎ It is also impractical. Sometimes it is even impossible to

collect data from the research population that is too large.
To avoid this, researches resort to sampling techniques.
Terminologies:
✎ Sampling is the process or technique of selecting a
representative sample from the entire population.
✎ In statistics, population refers to the entire group of
individuals or objects known to have similar characteristic.
✎ A sample is a subset of the entire population; it is referred
to as census.
Random Sampling

*Sampling
A sample should have the same characteristics

As the population it is representing.

Sampling can be:

With replacement:
a member of the population may be chosen more than once (picking the
candy from the bowl)

Without replacement:
a member of the population may be chosen only once (lottery ticket)
Random Sampling

• Sampling methods can be:

Random (each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected)

Non- random

Sampling:

Simply describes when every element in a population has an equal chance of being
chosen for the sample. This is because there are a lot of logistics that need to be
considered in order to minimize the amount of bias.
 4 types of Random Sampling Techniques

1. Simple Random Sampling

Simple random sampling requires using randomly generated numbers to choose a

sample. More specifically, it initially requires a sampling frame, a list or database of all
members of a population. You can then randomly generate a number for each element,
using Excel for example, and take the first n samples that you require.
Example:
A grade 11 student wants to make a study on the opinions of grade 8
students concerning the use of the Filipino Language in the teaching
Mathematics. There are 510 Grade 8 students. She wants to interview
only10%of the grade 11 students in the school where the study is to be
conducted. If you were the student, how are you going to do it by using a
Table of Random Numbers?

Step 1: multiply 510 by 10% to obtain the members of the sample

510 x 10% = 51

Step 2: pick 51 from a bowl (randomly) use SRSWOR

 4 types of Random Sampling Techniques

2. Stratified Random Sampling

stratified random sampling starts off by dividing a population into groups with similar attributes.
Then a random sample is taken from each group.

This method is used to ensure that different segments in a population are equally
represented. To give an example, imagine a survey is conducted at a school to
determine overall satisfaction. It might make sense here to use stratified random
sampling to equally represent the opinions of students in each department.

Stratum (a level or class to which people are assigned)

Strata (plural form stratum)
Example:
You want to interview 200 students in your school to determine their opinion
on the new school uniform. How are you going to choose your sample by using
stratified sampling of there are 1200 students in Grade seven; 1100 in Grade eight;
1050 in Grade nine; 900 in a Grade eleven, and 810 in Grade twelve?
Step 1: subdivide the population into several strata
The population into year levels.

Population (N) Number of students per Sample(n)

stratum

Grade 7 1200 40

Grade 8 1100 37

Grade 9 1050 ?

Grade10 940 ?

Grade 11 900 ?

Grade 12 810 27

Total: 6000 200

Step 2: Compute the sample size

Sample in each Grade level

For Grade 7:

For Grade 8:
TRY!!!
Grade 9: _______________________
Grade 10: ________________________
Grade 11: _________________________
Example:
Katelyn Joy, A Statistics student, wants to determine who care more about their
physical appearances. The male or female students. She wants to limit her study to
the Grade10 students. There are unequal numbers of grade 10 students: 340 are
male and 500 are female. She wants her sample to consists only 50 students. She
chooses the members of her sample using stratified sample technique.

Step 1: subdivide the population into several strata

Population (N) Number of students Sample(n)

per stratum

Male 340 20

Female 500 30

Total: 840 50
Step 2: Compute the sample size

For male: size

For female: size

 4 types of Random Sampling Techniques

3. Cluster Random Sampling

Cluster sampling starts by dividing a population into groups, or clusters. What makes this
different that stratified sampling is that each cluster must be representative of the
population. Then, you randomly selecting entire clusters to sample.

Example, if an elementary school had five different grade eight classes, cluster random
sampling might be used and only one class would be chosen as a sample.
Example:
 A researcher wants to determine who among the families in a small town are using
the new detergent product. How is she going to do this using the cluster sampling
technique?

Solution:
Step 1: divide the population into cluster. Use barrios as cluster
Step 2: not all barrios in the town will be included in the sample. Choose the final barrios
using simple or systematic sampling technique.
Step 3: not all families in each selected barrio will be included in the study. Selected the final
families to be included in the sample by using simple or systematic sampling technique.
 4 types of Random Sampling Techniques

4. Systematic Random Sampling

Systematic random sampling is a very common technique in which you sample every k’th
element.

For example, if you were conducting surveys at a mall, you might survey every 100th person
that walks in, for example.

If you have a sampling frame then you would divide the size of the frame, N, by the desired
sample size, n, to get the index number, k.

You would then choose every k’th element in the frame to create your sample.
 K = N/n
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆
Sample interval =

Where; k = sample interval

N = population size

n = sample size
Example:
In a group or 250 students, how will you select a sample containing 71 students by
using the systematic sampling technique?

Using the formula:

K = N/n
K=
K = 3.52 or 4

Let’s find it: Step 2:

Step 1: Select every 4th student from the sampling
Assign each student a number from 1-250. frame.
Assume randomly selected number is 2. (starting 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,…
point)
Therefore: the numbers in the list that will
Sample interval k = 4 be included in the sample are
2,6,10,14,18,22…
 InIneach
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1. A sample of 2,000 was sought to estimate the average achievement in science of fifth grader in a
city’s public schools. The average fifth grade enrollment in the city’s elementary school is 100 students.
Thus, 20 schools were randomly selected and within each of those schools all fifth graders were
tested.

2. A researcher has a population of 100 third grade children from a local school district from which a
sample of 25 children is to be selected. Each child’s name is put on a list, and each child is assigned a
number from 1 to 100. Then the numbers 1 to 100 are written on separate pieces of paper and
shuffled. Finally, the researcher picks 25 slips of paper and the numbers on the paper determine the 25
participants.

3. In a group or 500 students, how will you select a sample containing 100 students by using the
systematic sampling technique? .