PAGADIAN DIOCESAN SCHOOLS

HOLY CHILD’S ACADEMY

Pagadian City
SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Grade & Section:
Name:
Name of Teacher:
Student’s Contact #: Teacher’s Contact #:

(Q4) MODULE: SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

Module Overview:
This module will help you learn to illustrate random sampling and to differentiate between parameter and statistic.
This will help you understand how to identify sampling distribution of statistics and to find the mean and variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Learning Competencies: At the end of this module, you can:
1. Illustrate random sampling;
2. Distinguish between parameter and statistic;
3. Identify sampling distribution of statistics (sample mean);
4. Find the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Instructional Materials:
Lim, Yvette, et. al. 2016. Math for Engaged Learning, Statistics and Probability. Sibs Publishing House Inc.
Values: Academically Proficient and Responsible

PRE-ASSESSMENT: Before you proceed, you will examine first your existing knowledge about the topic. Answer
the following as directed. Write your answer on the space provided.

Identify what type of sampling is being conducted in the given scenario. Write only the letter on the space provided.
A. Systematic Sampling B. Stratified Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

Scenario:
A sample of 40 Grade -11 students will be selected to be the respondents of a certain study. If there are 4
sections of Grade -11 students and each has 40 students, what type of sampling is being conducted if –
_____1. there are 10 members chosen from each section

_____2. the entire section of 40 students is chosen

_____3. the intelligent students of each sections are chosen

_____4. they select randomly from the 4 sections

Great! You’re done with the Pre-assessment part. As you go on to the lesson, I provide
you learning concepts and examples that will help you understand the lesson.

INTRODUCTION

What is the average height of Grade-11 students? What is the average weight of Grade-11 students? What
is the average daily allowance of Grade-11 students? If you will answer these questions, will you consider the
entire Grade-11 students to find their heights, weights, and daily allowance?
Sampling is the method of gathering information about a population by taking a representative of the
population called sample. The data gathered from sampling are processed and the computed statistic is then used
by statisticians to make inferences about the population where the sample was taken.

To further understand about determining sampling and sampling distribution, here are some
definitions and examples. Kindly proceed.

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 INTERACTION
Lesson 1.1: Sampling, Parameter, and Statistic

To study a population, it is ideal to get data from each member of the population. However, this is often
not possible when the population is quite big and the time and the resources to do this are limited. Hence, it is
necessary to concentrate on the data-gathering procedure to a subset of the population. This subset is the
representative of the population which is known as the sample.
Researchers use sampling if taking a census of the entire population is impractical. Data from the sample
are used to calculate statistics, which are estimates of the corresponding population parameters. For instance, a
sample might be drawn from the population, its mean is calculated, and this value is used as a statistic or an
estimate for the population mean. Thus, descriptive measures computed from a population are called parameters
while descriptive measures computed from a sample are called statistics. Therefore, the sample mean x is an
estimate of the population mean μ.

Sampling Techniques
1. Simple random sampling – involves selecting a sample of size n from a population of size N so that all the
elements of the population have equal chances of being part of the sample.
Example:
A survey on the satisfaction of homeowners living in a certain subdivision with security features in their
place is to be conducted. A sample of 100 random homeowners will be drawn for this survey.

2. Systematic sampling – involves using a random start to determine the first element of the sample and the
selection of the rest of the sample elements is done systematically.
Example:
From a list containing the names of 500 members of an alumni association, a sample of size 50 is obtained
by including every 10 th person in the list.

3. Stratified sampling – involves dividing the population into groups called strata according to some chosen
classification category such as age, income bracket, gender, geographic location, etc.
Example:
The students in a school are chosen to participate in a certain study. Highly intellegent students from each
sections are chosen as samples.
///////////// llllllllllllllllll

4. Cluster sampling – the elements of the population are divided into groups called clusters. Usually, the clusters
are based on naturally occurring clusters mainly geographical such as barangays, cities, or municipalities.
Example:
All students who belong to ten chosen sections in a certain school will participate in a study designed to
improve students’ critical thinking skills.

Lesson 1.2: Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

A sampling distribution of sample means is a frequency distribution using the means computed from all
possible random sample of a specific size taken from a population.

Example:
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4 , 5, 9 , and 10. List all possible sample of size 3 from this
population and compute the mean of each sample.

Solution:
A. Determine the number of possible samples that can be drawn using the Combination formula, such that N=5
and n=3, thus –
N! 5! 5!
C (N , n)= = = =10
n ! ( N −n ) ! 3 ! ( 5−3 ) ! 3 ! ∙2 !

There are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be drawn from the given population.

B. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample. (See table given in page 3.)

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 Sample Sample Mean (x )
2,4,5 3.67
2,4,9 5.00
2 , 4 , 10 5.33
2 , 5 ,9 5.33
2 , 5 ,10 5.67
2 , 9 ,10 7.00
4 , 5 ,9 6.00
4 , 5 ,10 6.33
4 , 9 ,10 7.67
5 , 9 , 10 8.00

C. Construct a sampling distribution of the sample means.

Sample Mean (x ) 3.67 5.00 5.33 5.67 6.00 6.33 7.00 7.67 8.00
Probability P(x ) 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Illustrate Me!
Complete the given step-by-step process in constructing the sampling distribution of the sample means.
Write your answer on the space provided.

Problem: A population consists of the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7 , and 9 . Consider samples of size 2 that can be drawn
from this population.

N! ¿
A. Given: N=5 and n=2C (N , n)= = ¿
n ! ( N −n ) ! ¿ ¿ ¿
¿

B.
Sample Sample Mean (x )

C.
Sample Mean (x ) ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿
Probability P(x ) ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿

Lesson 2: Solving for the Mean of the Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

To solve for the mean and variance, consider the sampling distribution of the example given in the
previous lesson.

Example:
Sample Mean (x ) 3.67 5.00 5.33 5.67 6.00 6.33 7.00 7.67 8.00
Probability P(x ) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
x ∙ P(x ) 0.367 0.5 1.066 0.567 0.6 0.633 0.7 0.767 0.8

Since μ x =∑ x ∙ P( x ), therefore μ x (mean of the sample means) is 6 .

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 Solve Me!
Consider the given sampling distribution. Solve for the mean of the sample means. Write your answer on
the space provided.

Sample Mean (x ) 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Probability P(x ) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
x ∙ P(x )

Therefore, μ x (mean of the sample means) is _____.

INTEGRATION
Reflective Writing
As you learned that sampling is a practical strategy to make an inference to a population by taking a
number of representatives called samples. In your life at home, whose member of your family that you could
consider as a good example to follow (i.e. Mother, Father, Brother Eldest, Sister Eldest)? and why?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

INTERVENTION
Post-Assessment: To assess your learnings in this module, retake the questions in Pre-Assessment part if there are
some changes in your answers. Answer the following as directed.
Identify what type of sampling is being conducted in the given scenario. Write only the letter on the space provided.
A. Systematic Sampling B. Stratified Sampling C. Simple Random Sampling D. Cluster Sampling

Scenario:
A sample of 40 Grade -11 students will be selected to be the respondents of a certain study. If there are 4
sections of Grade -11 students and each has 40 students, what type of sampling is being conducted if –
_____1. there are 10 members chosen from each section

_____2. the entire section of 40 students is chosen

_____3. the intelligent students of each section are chosen

_____4. they select randomly from the 4 sections

Develop habits, hone skills, competencies, creativity and critical thinking for better participation in
social transformation.
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