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Building Components

The document outlines various building components, including roofs, parapets, lintels, beams, columns, damp proof courses, walls, windows, doors, floors, stairs, and foundations. Each component is described with its function and materials used in construction. The foundation is emphasized as a critical element that supports the entire structure by distributing its load to the soil.

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aweesaam.plays
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3 views

Building Components

The document outlines various building components, including roofs, parapets, lintels, beams, columns, damp proof courses, walls, windows, doors, floors, stairs, and foundations. Each component is described with its function and materials used in construction. The foundation is emphasized as a critical element that supports the entire structure by distributing its load to the soil.

Uploaded by

aweesaam.plays
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building

Components
TYPES OF
BUILDING
COMPONENT

• Roof
• Parapet
• Lintels
• Beams
• Columns
• Damp Proof Course (DPC)
• Walls
• Windows And Door
• Floor
• Stairs
• Plinth Beam
• Foundation
• Plinth
ROOF
The roof is the uppermost
part of a building's structure,
covering its top surface.
Roofs can be designed as flat
or sloped, depending on the
local climate and weather
conditions.
Parapets are low walls that extend above the

PARAPETS roof surface. They are typically installed on flat


roofs and serve as a safety barrier for those on
the roof.
Lintels are built above wall openings such as
doors and windows to support the weight of

LINTELS the wall above them. They are usually made of


reinforced cement concrete, though in
residential buildings, lintels can be made from
either concrete or bricks.
BEAMS AND
SLAB
Beams and slabs serve as the
horizontal structural elements in
a building. In a single-storey
building, the top slab functions
as the roof. In multi-storey
buildings, beams transfer the
load from the floor above to the
slab, which then distributes the
load to the columns. Both
beams and slabs are typically
constructed using reinforced
cement concrete (R.C.C).
COLUMNS
Columns are vertical members
constructed above the ground
level. Columns can be of two
types: Architectural columns
and structural columns.
Architectural columns are
constructed to improve the
building’s aesthetics while a
structural column takes the
load coming from the slab
above and transfers safely to
the foundation.
Damp Proof
Course(DPC)
DPC, or Damp Proof Course,
is a layer of waterproof
material applied at the
basement level to prevent
surface water from rising
into the walls. The walls are
then built on top of the DPC.
WALLS
Walls are vertical structures
that support the roof and
can be constructed from
materials such as stones,
bricks, or concrete blocks.
They create an enclosure
and offer protection from
elements like wind,
sunlight, and rain. Openings
in the walls are included to
allow for ventilation and
access to the building.
WINDOWS
AND DOORS
A window is an opening in a
wall, door, roof, or even a
vehicle that permits the entry of
light, sound, and sometimes air.
In the 19th-century American
West, itinerant groups often
used greased paper as a
makeshift window material.
A door within a wall represents a
means of transcending
boundaries, offering a passage
out of the space enclosed by the
walls. In this context, the walls
symbolize the physical universe.
FLOORS
The floor is the surface
placed at the plinth
level of a building. It
can be finished with
various materials such
as tiles, granite,
marble, or concrete.
Before laying the
flooring, the ground
must be properly
compacted and leveled.
STAIRS

A stair is a series of steps


that link different floors
within a building. The area
where the stair is located is
known as the stairway.
Stairs can be made from
various materials, including
wood and reinforced
cement concrete (R.C.C).
Foundation

The foundation is a crucial


structural element that
evenly distributes the load
from the superstructure to
the underlying soil. It is the
first component constructed
in any building project. A
well-designed foundation
helps prevent the building
from settling or shifting over
time.
End

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