Spanish grammar book 2

Grammar Bookpart 2.Lola Guinn5th period

Table of Contents:Conditional + IrregularsPerfect tensesPresentPastPresent perfect irregularsSubjunctive perfectTantoyTanImpersonal seSaber vs.ConocerLos MandatosInformal/ formalAffirmativeNegativeIrregularDOP + IOP placementNosotros CommandsMono VerbsSubjunctive + IrregularsExpressions of Emotion with Present Sub.Trigger PhrasesImpersonal ExpressionsExpressions of EmotionConjunctions of TimeDemonstrative Adjective and Pronouns

Conditional + IrregularsExpresses probability, possibility, or conjecture.“would, could, should”These irregulars are the same as future tense

Perfect TensesPrefect tense portrays an action or state as completed and not in progress, from a different point of viewIt has two parts…. helping verb + past participle3 main perfect tenses: present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect

Present The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.Example:He comido- I have eaten.

PastPast tense is “had”It has the same endings as the conditional Example:Habíavivido- I had lived.

Present Perfect IrregularsHemospuesto- we have putHan escrito- they have writtenHe abierto- I have openedHa muerto- she has diedHan visto- you all have seenHa dicho- you (formal) have saidHas vuelto- you have returnedHemoshecho- we have done

Subjunctive PerfectSubjunctive perfect is the compound tense of the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb

Tanto & TanForming comparisons of equalities with nouns:Tanto (-a,-os,-as) + noun + comoExample:Roberto tienetantogalletascomoShakira.Forming comparisons of equalities with adjectives or adverbs:Tan + adj(adverb) + comoExample:El libroes tan buenocomo la película.

Impersonal ‘Se’Verb is always in 3rd person and followed by a direct objectSe+ 3rd person singularExample:Se hablaespañol.

LosMandatos:Used to directly address someone and give them an orderCan be formal or informalCan be nosotrosCan be affirmative or negative

Dop &IopPlacementThe DOP is placed before verbIt answers the questions of who? & what? TheIOPis placed before the verb

It answersthe questions of to whom? & for whom? Nosotros CommandsUsed when speaker is included, used to express: lets + verbOpposite nosotrosending is usedExample:Comamosallí-emos:nosotroscommand of -AR verbs-amos:nosotroscommand of -ER and -IR verbs***For negative, just add no before verb

Mono VerbsWith affirmativenosotros commands, the final “s” is dropped before adding the pronouns –nos or –seExample:Sentemos + nos = sentémonosWithnegative nosotros commands, the pronoun comes before the verdExample:No nossentemonos

SubjunctiveThe subjunctive is used to express everything but certainty and objectivityProcess:Start w/ “yo” form, drop the –o ending, and add the following endingsExamples:com + a = comahabl + e = hable

Subjunctive IrregularsThe irregulars for subjunctive are the car, gar, zars and TVDISHESExamples:DardédesdédemosdenEstarestéestésestéestemosesténIrVayavayasvayavayamosVayan

ExampleSentences:Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores We are happy that you like the flowers Siento que tu no puedas venir mañanaIm sorry that you cant come tomorrowExpressions of Emotions with Present Subjunctive

Trigger Phases:A menosque…Antes que…Cuando…Dudarque…En cuanto…Es buenoque…Es imposibleque…Es maloque…Quererque…

Spanish grammar book 2

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Spanish grammar book 2