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Design interventions for orphan
children to accommodate their
psychological needs
Devvrat Chowdhary
2010BARC009
SEMINAR - III
AIM
• To assess the psychological issues
prevalent in orphan children and
propose design interventions
accordingly.
Objectives
• To assess the psychological impact on the children
who have lost their parents or those who are
growing without biological parents.
• List the various psychological issues.
• To understand the relationship between the spatial
character and psychology of children with special
reference to those who have gone through trauma of
separation from biological parents.
• To make and attempt to mitigate the negative
impacts of orphan hood in children through design.
Scope and Limitations
• The age group of 0-12 years is considered for the
purpose of this dissertation.
• The study will aim to arrive with schemes to
guide the design of children’s homes but will not
provide rigid details of design interventions.
• Only literature case studies will be referred for
the scope of this dissertation.

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Background Study
• Definitions
• Facts
Literature Review
• Psychological Issues
• Methods to Counteract
psychological problems
Case Studies
• SOS Village, Jordan
• Amsterdam Orphanage
RESULT
Methodology
Background study
• Definition of an orphan:
▫ A child who is below 18 years of age and who
has lost one or both parents may be defined
as an orphan (George, 2011).
• Orphans in India:
▫ The number of orphans in India stands at
approximately 55 million children of age 0 to
12 years, which is about 47% of the overall
population of 150 million orphans in the
world (GCM India; UNICEF, 2005).
1 billion +
people
400 million
children
50 million
orphans
18 million
homeless
(Shrivastava, 2007)
Literature Review
• An orphanage for young women in Srinagar was
surveyed by psychiatrists using DSM-IV guidelines
to evaluate children for psychopathology.
Children were in the age group of 5 to 12 years.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
40.62%
PTSD
25%
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
12.5%
Conversion
Disorder
(Chan et al. 2006)
Psychological problems
• According to ”A study of psycho social problems
in orphans in Kerala” a Ph.D. thesis by Benson. N
the major psycho-social problems a homeless
child faces are:
Literature Review
Psychological problems
•Self-esteem
•Recognition and approval
•Love and Affection
•Security
•Independence
•Creative expression
•New Experience
•dealing with others
•Achievement
•Isolation
•Financial problems
•Dealing with the opposite sex
•Dealing with Authorities
•Relation with Anxiety
•Relation with Emotional Maturity

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• Colour therapy
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
RED
•Strength
•Loosen
restraints
•Energy
•Remove
lethargy and
depression
ORANGE
•Energising
•Warming
•Lift spirits of
depressed
and lonely
YELLOW
•Stimulate
intellect
•Cheering
effect
•Facilitate
digestion
•Not ideal for
stress
GREEN
•Harmony,
Balance
•Hope
•Calming
effect
•Optimism
•Excess may
result in
Complacency
• Colour therapy
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
BLUE
• Truth,
Nobility and
Serenity.
• Help for
frightened
or flustered
• Sedative
INDIGO
• Intellect
• Courage,
authority
• Inner
Calmness
Violet
• Stimulate
intellect
• Cheering
effect
• Facilitate
digestion
• Not ideal for
stress
• Healing Gardens
▫ Child friendly entry
▫ Comfortable space for staff and parents
▫ Many options as possible for children to
interact with nature through their senses and
or hands-on activities
▫ Plant a garden and harvest
▫ Universal Accessibility
▫ Multi-purpose setting for activities, social
gatherings
▫ Shade
▫ Provide plants and trees that drop leaves and
twigs -
▫ Seeds and stones
▫ Add a hill
▫ Storage, potting shed
▫ Fun signage
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
(Source-Basham & Lucas Design Group)
• Architectural Intervention
▫ Attachment to a certain architectural space,
identification with it, and possibility of
regulating privacy and recovering of
environment results in appearance of
favourite place phenomenon.
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
(Danica. 2008)
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• Architectural Intervention
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
Source- Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital
• Architectural Intervention
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Methods to counteract psychological issues
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• Psychological effect of shapes
Literature Review
Methods to counteract psychological issues
•Connection, community,
wholeness, endurance,
movement, safety, perfection
•Refers to the feminine: warmth,
comfort, sensuality, and love.
•Order, logic, containment, security.
•Rectangles provide a fourth point,
which is mathematically the
foundation for 3D objects, suggesting
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•Energy, power, balance, law, science,
religion.
•Refers to the Masculine: strength,
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ACTIVITY SPATIAL
CHARACTER
COLOUR PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUE
ADDRESSED
1 Eating Rectangle Yellow Independence, Dealing with
others
2 Study Rectangle, Triangle Blue, green Self esteem, New
experience, Independence,
Achievement
3 Creative Circle Red, Green, Violet Isolation, Creative
expression, Security,
Dealing with others, self
esteem
4 Resting Circle Orange, Blue Anxiety, Security, dealing
with others
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Relationship between shapes, colours
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• Articulated Classroom
Result
Spatial character suggestions
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Spatial character suggestions
• Space as a Home Base
▫ Generally the spaces in an children’s
home though for children are controlled
by the administrative people and the
children act as visitors
▫ There should be some permanent spaces
for the individuals something like a nest
from where you take off and keep
returning to meet up again.
• Threshold space between classroom and
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▫ With corridors changing from circulation
area to work area comes an even greater
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References
• Benson, N (2002). The study of Psycho-social
problems of orphans in Kerela
• Browne, K. (2009). The Risk of Harm to Young
Children in Institutional Care. United Kingdom:
Save the Children.
• Johnson, W. D. (2013). The Effects of Being
Orphan
• James Sengendo and Janet Nambi. (1997)The
psychological effect of orphanhood: a study of
orphans in Rakai district
• M. Mudasir Naqshbandi ,Rashmi Sehgal,Fahim
ul Hassan (2012) Orphans in orphanages of
Kashmir “and their Psychological problems”
• Shah Amir Ezham Ismail , . Zaiton Abdul Rahim,
Asiah Abdul Rahim (2013) Muslim orphanage's
village
• Unicef (2005). The state of the world's children
2006: excluded and invisible: United Nations
Pubns.
• Danica Stanković (2008). Space in the function of
psychological stability of a child
• Basham & Lucas Design Group (1998). Gardens
that heal: therapeutic landscape and site design
• Yuanquan Xu (2012). Play therapy room design
• Indiaparenting.com, Colour therapy for children
• California state university Stanislaus, online
archive
• Herman Hertzberger – Space and learning
• Shrivastava D (2007). Child trafficking–A human
right abuse. Indian Police J

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Design interventions for orphan children to accommodate their psychological needs

  • 1. Design interventions for orphan children to accommodate their psychological needs Devvrat Chowdhary 2010BARC009 SEMINAR - III
  • 2. AIM • To assess the psychological issues prevalent in orphan children and propose design interventions accordingly.
  • 3. Objectives • To assess the psychological impact on the children who have lost their parents or those who are growing without biological parents. • List the various psychological issues. • To understand the relationship between the spatial character and psychology of children with special reference to those who have gone through trauma of separation from biological parents. • To make and attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of orphan hood in children through design.
  • 4. Scope and Limitations • The age group of 0-12 years is considered for the purpose of this dissertation. • The study will aim to arrive with schemes to guide the design of children’s homes but will not provide rigid details of design interventions. • Only literature case studies will be referred for the scope of this dissertation.
  • 5. Background Study • Definitions • Facts Literature Review • Psychological Issues • Methods to Counteract psychological problems Case Studies • SOS Village, Jordan • Amsterdam Orphanage RESULT Methodology
  • 6. Background study • Definition of an orphan: ▫ A child who is below 18 years of age and who has lost one or both parents may be defined as an orphan (George, 2011). • Orphans in India: ▫ The number of orphans in India stands at approximately 55 million children of age 0 to 12 years, which is about 47% of the overall population of 150 million orphans in the world (GCM India; UNICEF, 2005). 1 billion + people 400 million children 50 million orphans 18 million homeless (Shrivastava, 2007)
  • 7. Literature Review • An orphanage for young women in Srinagar was surveyed by psychiatrists using DSM-IV guidelines to evaluate children for psychopathology. Children were in the age group of 5 to 12 years. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) 40.62% PTSD 25% Major depressive disorder (MDD) 12.5% Conversion Disorder (Chan et al. 2006) Psychological problems
  • 8. • According to ”A study of psycho social problems in orphans in Kerala” a Ph.D. thesis by Benson. N the major psycho-social problems a homeless child faces are: Literature Review Psychological problems •Self-esteem •Recognition and approval •Love and Affection •Security •Independence •Creative expression •New Experience •dealing with others •Achievement •Isolation •Financial problems •Dealing with the opposite sex •Dealing with Authorities •Relation with Anxiety •Relation with Emotional Maturity
  • 9. • Colour therapy Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues RED •Strength •Loosen restraints •Energy •Remove lethargy and depression ORANGE •Energising •Warming •Lift spirits of depressed and lonely YELLOW •Stimulate intellect •Cheering effect •Facilitate digestion •Not ideal for stress GREEN •Harmony, Balance •Hope •Calming effect •Optimism •Excess may result in Complacency
  • 10. • Colour therapy Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues BLUE • Truth, Nobility and Serenity. • Help for frightened or flustered • Sedative INDIGO • Intellect • Courage, authority • Inner Calmness Violet • Stimulate intellect • Cheering effect • Facilitate digestion • Not ideal for stress
  • 11. • Healing Gardens ▫ Child friendly entry ▫ Comfortable space for staff and parents ▫ Many options as possible for children to interact with nature through their senses and or hands-on activities ▫ Plant a garden and harvest ▫ Universal Accessibility ▫ Multi-purpose setting for activities, social gatherings ▫ Shade ▫ Provide plants and trees that drop leaves and twigs - ▫ Seeds and stones ▫ Add a hill ▫ Storage, potting shed ▫ Fun signage Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues (Source-Basham & Lucas Design Group)
  • 12. • Architectural Intervention ▫ Attachment to a certain architectural space, identification with it, and possibility of regulating privacy and recovering of environment results in appearance of favourite place phenomenon. Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues (Danica. 2008) Vertical realms
  • 13. • Architectural Intervention Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues Source- Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital
  • 14. • Architectural Intervention Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues Source- The Little School in San Francisco, Mark Horton
  • 15. • Psychological effect of shapes Literature Review Methods to counteract psychological issues •Connection, community, wholeness, endurance, movement, safety, perfection •Refers to the feminine: warmth, comfort, sensuality, and love. •Order, logic, containment, security. •Rectangles provide a fourth point, which is mathematically the foundation for 3D objects, suggesting mass, volume, and solids. •Energy, power, balance, law, science, religion. •Refers to the Masculine: strength, aggression, and dynamic movement.
  • 16. • Children’s scale • Linking paths and gardens • Shaded courts • Use of stone – irregular shapes, fantasy • Arched pathways Case study SOS Children’s Village – Jordan SOS children’s village Jordan - PLAN (*Source – Aga Khan award for Architecture
  • 17. Case study SOS Children’s Village – Jordan SOS children’s village Jordan- View (*Source – Aga Khan award for Architecture
  • 18. • Children’s scale • Small informal pockets create areas of intrigue and discovery • Reflective surfaces (material) • Simple Geometry interaction to create interactive spaces Case study Amsterdam Orphanage- Netherlands Orthogonal grid with diagonal pathways creating equal spaces (Archdaily)
  • 19. Case study Amsterdam Orphanage- Netherlands Amsterdam Orphanage- Netherlands(Archdaily)
  • 20. ACTIVITY SPATIAL CHARACTER COLOUR PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUE ADDRESSED 1 Eating Rectangle Yellow Independence, Dealing with others 2 Study Rectangle, Triangle Blue, green Self esteem, New experience, Independence, Achievement 3 Creative Circle Red, Green, Violet Isolation, Creative expression, Security, Dealing with others, self esteem 4 Resting Circle Orange, Blue Anxiety, Security, dealing with others Result Relationship between shapes, colours and the psychological issues addressed
  • 22. Result Spatial character suggestions • Space as a Home Base ▫ Generally the spaces in an children’s home though for children are controlled by the administrative people and the children act as visitors ▫ There should be some permanent spaces for the individuals something like a nest from where you take off and keep returning to meet up again.
  • 23. • Threshold space between classroom and corridor ▫ With corridors changing from circulation area to work area comes an even greater need for openness ▫ there needs to be a surveillance of those working outside as well as inside of the teacher and even though there is a physical detachment the children should feel connected. Result Spatial character suggestions
  • 25. References • Benson, N (2002). The study of Psycho-social problems of orphans in Kerela • Browne, K. (2009). The Risk of Harm to Young Children in Institutional Care. United Kingdom: Save the Children. • Johnson, W. D. (2013). The Effects of Being Orphan • James Sengendo and Janet Nambi. (1997)The psychological effect of orphanhood: a study of orphans in Rakai district • M. Mudasir Naqshbandi ,Rashmi Sehgal,Fahim ul Hassan (2012) Orphans in orphanages of Kashmir “and their Psychological problems” • Shah Amir Ezham Ismail , . Zaiton Abdul Rahim, Asiah Abdul Rahim (2013) Muslim orphanage's village • Unicef (2005). The state of the world's children 2006: excluded and invisible: United Nations Pubns. • Danica Stanković (2008). Space in the function of psychological stability of a child • Basham & Lucas Design Group (1998). Gardens that heal: therapeutic landscape and site design • Yuanquan Xu (2012). Play therapy room design • Indiaparenting.com, Colour therapy for children • California state university Stanislaus, online archive • Herman Hertzberger – Space and learning • Shrivastava D (2007). Child trafficking–A human right abuse. Indian Police J

Editor's Notes

  1. India is the world’s largest democracy with a population of over a billion people, of which 400 million are children. Approximately 18 million of this number of children live or work on the streets of India, and majority of them are involved in crime, prostitution, gang related violence and drug trafficking; however, a large number of these children are orphans (Shrivastava, 2007