This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what a piping system is, components like pipes, fittings, valves, supports and insulation. It also covers piping layout, modeling software, stress analysis, sizing calculations considering flow rates, pressures and material selection based on fluid properties. Critical high pressure and temperature piping in power plants requires special design considerations for material selection and allowing for expansion.
This document contains questions and answers related to piping instrumentation. It discusses topics like instrument categories, functions of instruments, uses of different valves like block valves and bleed valves, applications of control valves like ball valves and butterfly valves, installation of instruments like orifice plates and control stations, and measurement devices for levels, pressures, temperatures and flows. It also addresses pipe rack design considerations involving rack width, pipe spans, routing of lines, and insulation materials.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in piping system design including:
1. It describes the basic components of a piping system including pipes, fittings, valves, instruments, supports, and discusses terminal connections and insulation.
2. It outlines the process of developing a piping system layout from defining flow requirements to creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) and 3D models.
3. It highlights important design considerations like accessibility, orientation, straight pipe lengths, drainage and ventilation.
Process piping fundamentals, codes and standards module 1BHARAT BELLAD
This document provides an overview of process piping fundamentals, codes, and standards. It covers topics such as pipe sizes, schedules, dimensions, materials, pressure ratings, and applicable design codes. The document is the first module in a nine-part course that introduces piping engineering concepts. It is divided into three chapters that cover piping systems basics, definitions and terminology, and relevant codes and standards like ASME B31.
This document provides standards for piping design, layout, and stress analysis. It covers topics such as design and layout considerations including numbering systems, safety, clearance, pipe routing, valves, equipment piping, and stress analysis criteria. The standards are intended to replace individual company specifications and be used in existing and future offshore oil and gas developments. It references other NORSOK and international standards and does not cover all instrument control piping, risers, sanitary piping, or GRP piping.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
This document provides an overview of piping systems and components. It discusses that piping is used to convey liquids, gases, or materials through a tubular system. Key piping components include pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and strainers. Common piping materials include carbon steel, alloy steels, and stainless steels. The document also discusses piping design considerations like material selection, insulation, supports, flexibility analysis, and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). Piping stress analysis is conducted to ensure stresses from pressures, temperatures, and other loads do not exceed design limits.
Introduction to piping.......PLEASE give your valuable comments if you like t...Madhur Mahajan
Piping systems are used to transport liquids and gases in many industrial applications like power plants, laboratories, and hospitals. They are made up of pipe sections joined with fittings and supported by hangers. Understanding piping fundamentals, materials, design, fabrication, installation, and testing is important for working in piping system design and construction. Basic engineering documents for piping include block flow diagrams, process flow diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping layout drawings, isometric drawings, and equipment layouts. Common abbreviations used include designations for piping services and equipment as well as notes on insulation, pipe materials, joint types, and dimensions.
This document contains questions and answers related to piping instrumentation. It discusses topics like instrument categories, functions of instruments, uses of different valves like block valves and bleed valves, applications of control valves like ball valves and butterfly valves, installation of instruments like orifice plates and control stations, and measurement devices for levels, pressures, temperatures and flows. It also addresses pipe rack design considerations involving rack width, pipe spans, routing of lines, and insulation materials.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in piping system design including:
1. It describes the basic components of a piping system including pipes, fittings, valves, instruments, supports, and discusses terminal connections and insulation.
2. It outlines the process of developing a piping system layout from defining flow requirements to creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) and 3D models.
3. It highlights important design considerations like accessibility, orientation, straight pipe lengths, drainage and ventilation.
Process piping fundamentals, codes and standards module 1BHARAT BELLAD
This document provides an overview of process piping fundamentals, codes, and standards. It covers topics such as pipe sizes, schedules, dimensions, materials, pressure ratings, and applicable design codes. The document is the first module in a nine-part course that introduces piping engineering concepts. It is divided into three chapters that cover piping systems basics, definitions and terminology, and relevant codes and standards like ASME B31.
This document provides standards for piping design, layout, and stress analysis. It covers topics such as design and layout considerations including numbering systems, safety, clearance, pipe routing, valves, equipment piping, and stress analysis criteria. The standards are intended to replace individual company specifications and be used in existing and future offshore oil and gas developments. It references other NORSOK and international standards and does not cover all instrument control piping, risers, sanitary piping, or GRP piping.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
This document provides an overview of piping systems and components. It discusses that piping is used to convey liquids, gases, or materials through a tubular system. Key piping components include pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and strainers. Common piping materials include carbon steel, alloy steels, and stainless steels. The document also discusses piping design considerations like material selection, insulation, supports, flexibility analysis, and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). Piping stress analysis is conducted to ensure stresses from pressures, temperatures, and other loads do not exceed design limits.
Introduction to piping.......PLEASE give your valuable comments if you like t...Madhur Mahajan
Piping systems are used to transport liquids and gases in many industrial applications like power plants, laboratories, and hospitals. They are made up of pipe sections joined with fittings and supported by hangers. Understanding piping fundamentals, materials, design, fabrication, installation, and testing is important for working in piping system design and construction. Basic engineering documents for piping include block flow diagrams, process flow diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping layout drawings, isometric drawings, and equipment layouts. Common abbreviations used include designations for piping services and equipment as well as notes on insulation, pipe materials, joint types, and dimensions.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a piping engineer. It outlines that a piping engineer is responsible for the accurate design of piping systems according to specifications while achieving an economic design. A piping engineer must have knowledge of various engineering disciplines and codes/standards. The inputs and outputs of piping design are listed, including things like piping layouts, support designs, and isometric drawings. Common piping symbols and components are also defined.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what piping is, piping components like pipes, fittings, valves and instruments. It covers piping layout considerations, stress analysis, supports, insulation, material selection and critical piping systems. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate piping system design, modeling in software, drafting of P&IDs, and compliance with codes like ASME and IBR.
The document provides an overview of process plant piping system design. It discusses key components of piping systems including pipe, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves and supports. It describes design requirements according to the ASME B31.3 code and considerations for material selection such as strength, corrosion resistance, toughness and cost. Examples of stress analysis, flange rating determination and valve selection are also provided.
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
This document discusses the selection of metallic pipes and fittings for process piping systems according to ASME B31.3. It covers establishing design conditions and material selection criteria such as pressure class, reliability, corrosion resistance and cost. Key factors in pipe and fitting selection include material of construction, pressure-temperature ratings, joint types, fluid compatibility and standards compliance. The document provides guidance on pipe manufacturing methods and examples of pipe and fitting standards.
This document does not provide any clear information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less. The document contains only blank lines without any words, sentences, or meaningful content that could be abstracted and summarized.
This document provides an introduction and overview of piping design. It defines piping and piping systems, discusses international design standards like ASME B31.3, and covers key piping components such as pipes, fittings, flanges and valves. The document also outlines the stages of a piping design project from start to completion and summarizes important considerations like stress analysis, material selection and support spacing calculations.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what piping is, piping components like fittings, valves, instruments, and supports. It also covers piping layout considerations, insulation, material selection, stress analysis, and critical piping systems. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate piping system design from concept to 3D modeling to instrumentation drawings.
The document provides information about piping fundamentals and piping design for Engineers India Limited (EIL). It discusses key piping components like pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and how they are used to transfer fluids between tanks. It also covers topics like selection of piping materials, preparation of piping specifications, insulation, supports, and pipe stress analysis to ensure the piping system can withstand pressures and temperatures safely. The document is intended to help familiarize the reader with fundamental concepts in piping design and engineering.
This document discusses various piping materials used in industrial applications. It describes key factors considered when selecting piping materials such as mechanical properties, safety, corrosion resistance and cost. Various classes of materials are covered including ferrous materials like carbon steel, alloy steels and stainless steel, and non-ferrous materials like copper, aluminum, nickel and titanium. Temperature limitations and common material compositions are provided for different piping materials.
The document provides an introduction to Piping Material Specifications (PMS). It discusses that PMS gives details about all piping components, including material details, dimensions, connection types, applicable codes and standards. It is generated by the piping engineering team. PMS is used to define and specify piping components on piping and instrumentation diagrams. Each pipe class listed in the PMS includes material specifications, dimensions, ratings and other details for items like pipes, flanges, fittings and valves. New piping classes are developed in job-specific PMS documents based on project requirements.
This document outlines the scope of work for a plant design piping and equipment team. The team is responsible for creating piping layouts, equipment layouts, spacing considerations, equipment lists, pipe supports, isometrics, and general arrangement drawings. This is done using input documents such as plot plans, P&ID diagrams, piping specifications, and equipment data sheets. The document then provides details on specific types of piping (pump, exchanger, drum, etc.), equipment (pumps, heat exchangers, tanks, towers, compressors), and other design considerations (supports, input documents).
This document provides guidance on designing pipe hangers and supports. It discusses determining hanger locations based on pipe size and configuration. It describes calculating hanger loads based on the weight of pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation. It also addresses calculating thermal movement of piping at hanger locations. The document provides information on selecting appropriate hangers based on the loads and movements, including spring hangers. It includes sample problems demonstrating how to apply the guidance. An extensive section lists the weights of common piping materials to aid in load calculations. The document is intended as a reference for engineers involved in pipe hanger and support design.
Codes provide legally binding guidelines for design, construction, and installation of piping systems, while standards provide sizes, ratings, and joining methods of piping components. Dimensional standards ensure interchangeability of similar components from different suppliers. Major organizations establishing standards include ASME, BIS, BSI, and DIN. Commonly used codes include ASME B31.1 through B31.12 governing various piping applications. ASME B16 standards specify pipes and fittings.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
This Presentation is about Fundamentals of Piping it includes following points & Describes its each points as follows:-
1.Concept layout drawing
2.Piping components & their Access Requirements
3.Straight Length Requirements
4.Orientations of various taping and components
5.Piping drains and vents
6.Insulations
7.Material & Sizing
8.Critical piping system consideration
9.pinpe stress analysis
10.Pipe supports
This document discusses the calculation of pipe wall thickness for pressure applications. It begins with an introduction to different pipe types and materials. It then explains that pipe wall thickness is designated by schedules or weight, and provides the equation to calculate thickness based on internal pressure, outer diameter, and allowable stress. The document outlines two methods for calculating thickness: line rating condition for individual lines, and flange rating condition to make procurement more economical. Corrosion allowance and mill tolerance must be added to the required thickness. Minimum thicknesses are provided for carbon steel and stainless steel pipes.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
Chemical process diagrams are used at three levels of detail - block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). The BFD provides a high-level overview, while the PFD includes all process details. The P&ID is the most detailed and is used for construction. It specifies piping, instrumentation, and control loops. Modern chemical engineers typically use virtual 3D models instead of physical scale models to design plants.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of a piping engineer. It outlines that a piping engineer is responsible for the accurate design of piping systems according to specifications while achieving an economic design. A piping engineer must have knowledge of various engineering disciplines and codes/standards. The inputs and outputs of piping design are listed, including things like piping layouts, support designs, and isometric drawings. Common piping symbols and components are also defined.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what piping is, piping components like pipes, fittings, valves and instruments. It covers piping layout considerations, stress analysis, supports, insulation, material selection and critical piping systems. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate piping system design, modeling in software, drafting of P&IDs, and compliance with codes like ASME and IBR.
The document provides an overview of process plant piping system design. It discusses key components of piping systems including pipe, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves and supports. It describes design requirements according to the ASME B31.3 code and considerations for material selection such as strength, corrosion resistance, toughness and cost. Examples of stress analysis, flange rating determination and valve selection are also provided.
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
This document discusses the selection of metallic pipes and fittings for process piping systems according to ASME B31.3. It covers establishing design conditions and material selection criteria such as pressure class, reliability, corrosion resistance and cost. Key factors in pipe and fitting selection include material of construction, pressure-temperature ratings, joint types, fluid compatibility and standards compliance. The document provides guidance on pipe manufacturing methods and examples of pipe and fitting standards.
This document does not provide any clear information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less. The document contains only blank lines without any words, sentences, or meaningful content that could be abstracted and summarized.
This document provides an introduction and overview of piping design. It defines piping and piping systems, discusses international design standards like ASME B31.3, and covers key piping components such as pipes, fittings, flanges and valves. The document also outlines the stages of a piping design project from start to completion and summarizes important considerations like stress analysis, material selection and support spacing calculations.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what piping is, piping components like fittings, valves, instruments, and supports. It also covers piping layout considerations, insulation, material selection, stress analysis, and critical piping systems. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate piping system design from concept to 3D modeling to instrumentation drawings.
The document provides information about piping fundamentals and piping design for Engineers India Limited (EIL). It discusses key piping components like pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and how they are used to transfer fluids between tanks. It also covers topics like selection of piping materials, preparation of piping specifications, insulation, supports, and pipe stress analysis to ensure the piping system can withstand pressures and temperatures safely. The document is intended to help familiarize the reader with fundamental concepts in piping design and engineering.
This document discusses various piping materials used in industrial applications. It describes key factors considered when selecting piping materials such as mechanical properties, safety, corrosion resistance and cost. Various classes of materials are covered including ferrous materials like carbon steel, alloy steels and stainless steel, and non-ferrous materials like copper, aluminum, nickel and titanium. Temperature limitations and common material compositions are provided for different piping materials.
The document provides an introduction to Piping Material Specifications (PMS). It discusses that PMS gives details about all piping components, including material details, dimensions, connection types, applicable codes and standards. It is generated by the piping engineering team. PMS is used to define and specify piping components on piping and instrumentation diagrams. Each pipe class listed in the PMS includes material specifications, dimensions, ratings and other details for items like pipes, flanges, fittings and valves. New piping classes are developed in job-specific PMS documents based on project requirements.
This document outlines the scope of work for a plant design piping and equipment team. The team is responsible for creating piping layouts, equipment layouts, spacing considerations, equipment lists, pipe supports, isometrics, and general arrangement drawings. This is done using input documents such as plot plans, P&ID diagrams, piping specifications, and equipment data sheets. The document then provides details on specific types of piping (pump, exchanger, drum, etc.), equipment (pumps, heat exchangers, tanks, towers, compressors), and other design considerations (supports, input documents).
This document provides guidance on designing pipe hangers and supports. It discusses determining hanger locations based on pipe size and configuration. It describes calculating hanger loads based on the weight of pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation. It also addresses calculating thermal movement of piping at hanger locations. The document provides information on selecting appropriate hangers based on the loads and movements, including spring hangers. It includes sample problems demonstrating how to apply the guidance. An extensive section lists the weights of common piping materials to aid in load calculations. The document is intended as a reference for engineers involved in pipe hanger and support design.
Codes provide legally binding guidelines for design, construction, and installation of piping systems, while standards provide sizes, ratings, and joining methods of piping components. Dimensional standards ensure interchangeability of similar components from different suppliers. Major organizations establishing standards include ASME, BIS, BSI, and DIN. Commonly used codes include ASME B31.1 through B31.12 governing various piping applications. ASME B16 standards specify pipes and fittings.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
This Presentation is about Fundamentals of Piping it includes following points & Describes its each points as follows:-
1.Concept layout drawing
2.Piping components & their Access Requirements
3.Straight Length Requirements
4.Orientations of various taping and components
5.Piping drains and vents
6.Insulations
7.Material & Sizing
8.Critical piping system consideration
9.pinpe stress analysis
10.Pipe supports
This document discusses the calculation of pipe wall thickness for pressure applications. It begins with an introduction to different pipe types and materials. It then explains that pipe wall thickness is designated by schedules or weight, and provides the equation to calculate thickness based on internal pressure, outer diameter, and allowable stress. The document outlines two methods for calculating thickness: line rating condition for individual lines, and flange rating condition to make procurement more economical. Corrosion allowance and mill tolerance must be added to the required thickness. Minimum thicknesses are provided for carbon steel and stainless steel pipes.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
Chemical process diagrams are used at three levels of detail - block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). The BFD provides a high-level overview, while the PFD includes all process details. The P&ID is the most detailed and is used for construction. It specifies piping, instrumentation, and control loops. Modern chemical engineers typically use virtual 3D models instead of physical scale models to design plants.
Basics of two phase flow (gas-liquid) line sizingVikram Sharma
This document discusses two-phase flow line sizing for liquid-gas flows in piping systems. It describes the different flow regimes that can occur using Baker's flow regime map. The key steps outlined are: 1) determining the flow regime based on fluid properties and flow rates, 2) calculating pressure drops for the liquid and gas phases separately using correlations, 3) using a multiplier to determine the two-phase pressure drop based on the flow regime, and 4) summing pressure drops from friction, elevation changes, and fittings to obtain the total pressure drop. Care must be taken to size each pipe segment separately as properties and regimes can change along the line.
Titan Flow Control is a manufacturer of valves, strainers, and other pipeline products located in Lumberton, North Carolina. They produce check valves, butterfly valves, pipeline strainers, pump protection products, fabricated designs, and other accessories for industrial and commercial applications. Founded in 2000 by industry veterans, Titan Flow Control occupies over 70,000 square feet of manufacturing space. Their product lines include Y-strainers, basket strainers, duplex strainers, fabricated products, specialty products, pump protection, check valves, butterfly valves, and ball valves.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals, including definitions of pipes and piping systems. It discusses pipe and piping components like fittings, flanges, valves and how they are used. The document also covers piping design considerations such as material selection, sizing calculations, support structures and instrumentation. Key points include how to lay out a basic piping system connecting three tanks, the importance of piping drawings called P&IDs, and using 3D modeling software for physical piping design.
1. The document contains multiple choice questions about welding processes and procedures. It covers topics like weld defects, preheat requirements, welding consumables, inspection methods, and weld quality standards.
2. Many questions relate to ensuring proper joint quality and avoiding defects like cracking or lack of fusion by following welding procedure specifications.
3. Other topics addressed include distortion control, heat input effects, and qualification testing requirements.
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of process plant design including goals, plant design workflow, process departments and their roles, process flow diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams, and common diagram symbols. It discusses key stages in plant design from concept selection through detailed engineering design. It also covers topics like plot plan development, piping studies, piping fundamentals, standards, specifications, fittings, flanges and more. The document serves as an introduction to process plant design concepts and terminology.
This document provides information on the design of pressure vessels. It defines pressure vessels as containers designed to operate above 15 Psi and discusses why proper design is important to prevent failure. The document outlines various codes used for pressure vessel design and stresses that vessels experience from internal pressure, weight, and other loads. It also describes common pressure vessel components like shells, heads, nozzles, and supports, and provides formulas for calculating thicknesses of different vessel components.
The document discusses key terminology and concepts related to welding inspection. Some key points:
- It defines different types of welds (e.g. butt weld, fillet weld), joints (e.g. butt, tee, lap), and weld zones (e.g. weld metal, heat affected zone).
- It discusses joint preparation details like bevel angles, root faces, gaps for different joint types (e.g. single V, single J).
- It covers features of fillet welds like leg length, throat thickness, and how they relate. Leg length and throat thickness determine weld strength.
- It also discusses duties of a welding inspector like observing welding, recording
This document discusses welding defects and welding processes. It describes various types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, thermit welding, solid state welding, and newer welding techniques. It then discusses common welding defects such as slag inclusion, undercut, porosity, incomplete fusion, overlap, underfill, spatter, excessive convexity/concavity, excessive weld reinforcement, incomplete penetration, and excessive penetration. For each defect it provides the potential causes and recommendations for prevention and repair.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers analyzed data from dozens of countries and found that lockdowns led to an average decline of nearly 30% in nitrogen dioxide levels over cities. However, they also observed that this improvement was temporary and air pollution rebounded once lockdown restrictions began lifting. Overall, the study highlights how human activities are a major driver of air pollution but also that systemic changes are needed for long-term air quality improvements.
This document provides an overview of basic air conditioning concepts and typical all-air HVAC systems. It describes the major components, including coils, fans, dampers, and control systems. Typical AC units discussed are rooftop packages, split systems, chilled water air handlers, and VAV systems. The document also outlines equipment types, control types, and provides some basic rules of thumb for HVAC design and operation.
Introduction to Piping System
A pipe can be defined as a tube made of metal, plastic, wood, concrete or fiberglass. Pipes are used to carry liquids, gases, slurries, or fine particles. A piping system is generally considered to include the complete interconnection of pipes, including in-line components such as pipe fittings and flanges. Pumps, heat exchanges, valves and tanks are also considered part of piping system. Piping systems are the arteries of our industrial processes and the contribution of piping systems are essential in an industrialized society.
Fig. 1 illustrates the magnitude of piping required in a typical chemical process plant. Piping systems accounts for a significant portion of the total plant cost, at times as much as one-third of the total investment. Piping systems arranged within a very confined area can be a added challenge to piping and support engineers.
Figure 1
The initial design of a piping system is established by the functional requirements of piping a fluid from one point to another. The detailed design is decided by criteria such as type of fluid being transported, allowable pressure drop or energy loss, desired velocity, space limitations, process requirements like free drain or requirement of straight run, stress analysis, temperature of fluid, etc. The supporting of piping systems requires a significant engineering, design, fabrication and erection effort. In some cases, special structures (like structural T or inverted L, cantilevers, U portals, pedestals, etc) must be built solely for the purpose of supporting piping systems.
Piping Material
The material to be used for pipe manufacture must be chosen to suit the operating conditions of the piping system. Guidance of selecting the correct material can be obtained from standard piping codes. As an example, the ASME Code for Pressure Piping contains sections on Power Piping, Industrial Gas and Air Piping, Refinery and Oil Piping, and Refrigeration
Piping Systems. The objective being to ensure that the material used is entirely safe under the operating conditions of pressure, temperature, corrosion, and erosion expected. Some of the materials most commonly used for power plant piping are discussed in the following sections.
Steel – Steel is the most frequently used material for piping. Forged steel is extensively used for fittings while cast steel is primarily used for special applications. Pipe is manufactured in two main categories – seamless and welded.
Cast Iron – Cast iron has a high resistance to corrosion and to abrasion and is used for ash handling systems, sewage lines and underground water lines. It is, however, very brittle and is not suitable for most power plant services. It is made in different grades such as gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and ductile cast iron.
Brass and Copper – Non-ferrous material such as copper and copper alloys are used in power plants in instrumentation and water services where temperature is not a prime factor.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what a piping system is, components like pipes, fittings, valves, and supports. It covers piping layout considerations such as accessibility, orientation, drainage, and insulation. Key aspects of design like material selection, sizing, stress analysis, and supports are explained. Special cases like underground piping and freeze protection are also covered. The goal is to familiarize readers with basic piping engineering concepts.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what a piping system is, components like pipes, fittings, valves, instruments and how they are used. It covers piping layout considerations like orientation, supports and accessibility. Critical aspects like insulation, material selection, sizing, stress analysis and special requirements for critical high pressure/temperature pipes are also summarized. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate key piping concepts and components.
Piping is used to convey liquids, gases, or materials through a process plant. Key considerations for piping design include selecting pipe sizes and materials based on flow properties, installing necessary fittings, valves, instruments and supports, and conducting pipe stress analysis to ensure the piping can withstand pressures and temperatures. Critical high-pressure steam and water lines require special attention to flexibility and stress analysis to safely manage thermal expansion and prevent failures.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals for fresher engineers. It discusses what piping is, piping components like fittings, valves, instruments, and supports. It also covers piping layout considerations, insulation, material selection, stress analysis, and critical piping systems. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate piping system design from concept to 3D modeling to stress the importance of piping in industrial plant engineering.
375499355-Dasar-dasar-Sistem-Perpipaan.pptxGregorius Ym
The document discusses the fundamentals of piping systems, including their components and design considerations. It begins by defining what constitutes a piping system and its basic purpose of transporting liquids and gases. It then covers piping components like fittings, valves, instruments, and supports. Key aspects of piping design such as material selection, sizing calculations, insulation, and stress analysis are also summarized. The document aims to familiarize readers with basic piping engineering concepts and the overall design process.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals, including definitions of pipes and piping systems. It discusses pipe and piping components like fittings, flanges, valves and how they are used. The document also covers piping design considerations such as material selection, sizing calculations, support structures and instrumentation. Key points include how to lay out a basic piping system connecting three tanks, the importance of piping drawings called P&IDs, and using 3D modeling software for physical piping design.
It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc. meant for conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that flows.
It is a very important component for any industrial plant. And it’s engineering plays a major part in overall engineering of a Plant.
This document provides an overview of piping fundamentals including:
- Pipes are tubular items that convey liquids, gases, or materials. Piping is a critical component of industrial plants.
- Piping includes pipes as well as components like fittings, flanges, valves, and gaskets. Materials are selected based on factors like corrosion resistance.
- Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) are used to represent piping systems and show key details. Pipe stress analysis ensures piping can withstand pressures and thermal loads.
Piping & piping materials redefinedShrenik Baid
Piping systems are used to transport fluids from one location to another. They include pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, insulation and other components. Selection of piping materials depends on factors like resistance to corrosion, strength, pressure and temperature. Common pipe materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, plastic and concrete. Flanges with gaskets and bolts are used to join pipes. Valves like gate valves, globe valves and check valves control and direct fluid flow. Insulation helps maintain temperature and protects piping. Proper selection and design of piping systems is important for safety and efficiency of industrial operations.
FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
• LAYOUT
• PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
• VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE
• REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
• TYPE OF SUPPORTS
• FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
• BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
• MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
• MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
The document discusses the importance of piping engineering in transferring fluids between tanks through pipes and pipe fittings. It explains key components of piping systems like elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, valves, strainers and expansion joints. It also discusses interfacing with other departments, developing 3D models, work flows for proposal engineering, procurement engineering and construction assistance. Piping engineering is crucial for designing and installing piping that safely transfers fluids between process equipment.
This document provides an introduction to piping and pipelines. It discusses different types of pipes including seamless, welded, butt-welded, and spiral-welded pipes. It also covers piping terminology like nominal bore, nominal pipe size, schedule number, and wall thickness. Piping is used widely in industries like oil and gas, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to transport fluids and gases over both long distances as pipelines and within plant boundaries. Piping must be designed, fabricated, and installed according to codes and standards.
There are three types of piping materials: metallic, non-metallic, and composites. Common metallic materials include carbon steel, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Piping components include pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and strainers. Piping systems are designed through piping and instrumentation diagrams which specify pipe sizes, materials, and other details. Pipe stress analysis is conducted to ensure piping can withstand pressures and thermal loads without failure.
The document discusses the design of a piping system to transport a 15% sodium hydroxide solution from a storage tank to a digester. It identifies the key parts of the system as pipe, elbows, a gate valve, and a centrifugal pump. It then provides sample calculations to determine the pipe diameter, thickness, flow velocity, friction factor, and head losses based on the flow rate of 11,179.8726 kg over 10 minutes. The calculations specify a 10-inch schedule 40 stainless steel pipe based on the fluid properties and system requirements.
The document summarizes the key components and processes involved in pipe extrusion lines. Molten plastic is extruded through a die into the shape of a pipe. It is then calibrated to finalize dimensions before cooling. There are different types of dies, including spider-arm and cross-head dies, as well as calibration methods like using water-cooled mandrels, vacuum, or pressure to control the pipe thickness and dimensions. After calibration and cooling, haul-off units pull the pipe for cutting to final lengths.
Piping For Cooling Water Circulation between Cooling Tower and CondenserIJSRD
In thermal power plant, as we know that exhaust steam from turbine goes to heat recovery unit and from there the exhaust stem goes to the condenser to condense. In shell and tube heat exchanger, cooling water as a cooling medium running inside the tubes whereas steam is inside the shell. So to have sufficient amount of cooling water, we require continuous flow of water from the cooling tower. Our main project aim is to provide a piping between condenser and cooling tower. So in this particular project, we will make basic documents such as pfd, p&id, plot plan, equipment layout, piping ga drawing, isometrics, mto, piping specifications, pump specification, calculations, and stress analysis etc.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
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Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
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Piping basics knowledge
1. Piping Fundamentals – For Fresher Engineers
Piping System - What is that?
Concept Layout Development
Piping Components & their access requirement.
Straight length requirements.
Orientation of various tapings, components, etc.
Piping Drains & Vents
Insulation.
Material & Sizing
Critical piping system consideration.
Pipe Stress Analysis.
Pipe Supports
2. Let us first Discuss about WHAT IS PIPE!
It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc.
meant for conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that
flows.
It is a very important component for any industrial
plant. And it’s engineering plays a major part in overall
engineering of a Plant.
In next few pages we shall try to familiarize about pipe
and it’s components.
Piping Fundamentals – For Fresher Engineers
3. In any plant various fluids flow through pipes
from one end to other.
Now let us start with a plant where we see three
tanks.
Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3
We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 to
the other two tanks.
We will need to connect pipes to transfer the
fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3
LET US BRING THE PIPES.
4. We have just brought the pipes, now we
need to solve some more problems.
Pipes are all straight pieces.
We need some
branch
connections
We need some bend
connections
Even some pipes are
of different sizes!
To solve these
problems we need the
pipe components,
which are called
PIPE FITTINGS
5. These are the pipe fittings,
There are various types of fittings for various
purposes, some common types are -
Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches,
Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc.
Anyway, the pipes and
fittings are in place, but the
ends are yet to be joined with
the Tank nozzles.
We now have to complete the
end connections.
These, in piping term, we call
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
6. These are flanged joints
This is a welded joint
So far this is a nice arrangement.
But there is no control over the flow from Tank-1
to other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the
flow if needed
To control the flow in a pipe line we
need to fit a special component.
That is called - VALVE
7. There are many types of valves, categorized
based on their construction and functionality,
Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, Butterfly, etc.
Other than valves another important
line component of pipe line is a filter,
which cleans out derbies from the
flowing fluid. This is called a
STRAINER
8. Here we see a more or less functional piping
system, with valves and strainer installed.
Let us now investigate some aspects of pipe
flexibility.
If this tank nozzle
expands, when
the tank is hot.
In such case we need to fit a flexible
pipe component at that location,
which is called an EXPANSION
JOINT
9. When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may
also like know the parameters like, pressure,
temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid.
To know these information we need
to install INSTRUMENTS in the
pipeline.
10. There are various types instruments to measure various
parameters. Also there are specific criteria for installation
of various pipe line instruments.
Next we shall look
into how to
SUPPORT the
pipe/and it’s
components.
11. Here are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.
There can be numerous variants. All depend on piping
designer’s preference and judgement.
Let us see some OTHER types of supports
12.
13.
14. We have just completed a pipe line design.
We shall rewind and check how it is really done in practice.
First the flow scheme is planned,
1) What, 2) From what point, 3) To which point
Pipe sizes are selected, pipe material and pipe wall thickness are selected.
Types of Valves are planned
Also the types of instruments required are planned
We represent the whole thing in a drawing which is called Piping and
Instrumentation Drawing, in short P&ID. For P&ID generation we use SPP&ID
software.
By this time you have already come to know that while we prepare P&IDs in
SPP&ID, we enter all the pipe lines system information in the drawing.
So the SPP&ID drawing is an Intelligent drawing which under it’s surface carries
all the information about a pipe like, Pipe size, Flowing Fluid, etc.
Let us see a P&ID prepared in SPP&ID
15.
16. This is screen picture of P&ID made by SPP&ID
If we click on any line it will show the Data embedded.
17. After the P&ID is ready we start the layout work.
Here we carryout pipe routing / layout in Virtual 3D environment.
Preferable
Not Preferable
We use PDS 3D software to route piping in the Plant virtual 3D space.
We call this as piping modeling or physical design.
While development of piping layout we have to consider the following
Piping from source to destination should be as short as possible with minimum
change in direction.
Should not hinder any normal passage way. Also should not encroach any
equipment maintenance space.
18. While carrying out pipe routing we also need to consider the following
Valves, strainers, instruments on the pipe should be easily accessible.
If needed separate ACCESS PLATFORMS to be provided to facilitate these.
Desired location and orientation of valves / instruments and other pipe
components are to be checked and maintained, like some valves or strainers
can only be installed in horizontal position.
Specific requirements for instrument installation to be checked, like
temperature gauge can not be installed in pipe which is less than 4 inch in size.
Specific requirements of STRAIGHT LENGTH of pipe for some components to
be maintained, like for flow orifice we need to provide 15 times diameter
straight pipe length at upstream of orifice and 5 times diameter straight at down
stream of orifice.
Example of Straight length requirement for Flow Orifice
19. Also arrangement is kept in the
pipeline so that liquid can be
drained out if required.
To achieve this a DRAIN
connection with Valve is provided
at the lowest point of the pipeline
Pipes are also slopped towards low
points.
For Pipeline which shall carry liquid, we have to make sure that all air is
allowed to vent out of the line when the line is filled with liquid.
To achieve this a VENT connection with Valve is provided at the top most point
of the pipeline.
Let us look
into typical
Vent and
Drain
arrangement
in a pipeline
20. Let us have a look into a piping model done by PDS 3D
This is a 3D model
of Feed water line
along with pumps
and other
accessories
21. INSULATION - When hot fluid flows through pipe then generally pipe is
insulated.
There are two primary reasons for insulating the pipe carrying hot fluid.
Containing the heat inside the pipe. Insulation preserves the heat of the fluid. It
is called Hot Insulation
Personnel safety, so that people do not get burn injury by touching hot surface
of pipe. It is called Personnel Protection InsulationCold pipes are also insulated
Cold or chilled fluid carrying pipes are insulated to prevent heating of cold fluid
from outside. It is called Cold Insulation.
Some times cold pipes are insulated to prevent condensation of atmospheric
water vapor on pipe surface. It is called Anti-Sweat Insulation.
Other types of Insulation
When gas flows through pipes at high velocity, it creates noise. In such cases
pipes are insulated to reduce noise. It is called Acoustic Insulation.
Some times pipe and it’s content are heated from outside, by heat tracing
element. In that case pipe along with heat tracing element are insulated to
conserve the heat of the tracer. It is called Heat Tracing Insulation.
22. INSULATION MATERIAL - The insulating material should be bad conductor of heat.
There are two basic categories
1) Fibrous Material, which has large voids full of air between fibers - Cork, Glass Wool,
Mineral Wool, Organic Fibers. Note stagnant air is a bad conductor.
2) Cellular Material, which has closed void cells full or air - Calcium Silicate, Cellular
Glass (Foam Glass), Polyurethane Foam (PUF), Polystyrene (Thermocol), etc.
Some times Cast material like Cement Plaster or Plaster of Paris are also used.
INSULATION CLADDING - Insulation materials are generally soft or fragile. So the
outer surface of insulation are protected with Aluminum sheet or GI sheet
cladding.
Have a look at how
pipes are insulated,
and general
components of
insulation
23. Pipe Sizing Calculation - to select required pipe diameter based on velocity and pressure drop.
Find out
Flow volume
per second
Check Velocity
Allowable per
second
Calc. flow area
required and
Pipe size
Calc. Press.
Drop for that
Pipe size
Check Press.
Drop meets
Press. Budget
Pipe
Size
OK
YES
Increase
Pipe Size
NO
Pipe Material Selection - to select appropriate pipe material based on flowing fluid property.
Find out type
of Fluid
flowing
Check Pipe
life
Expectancy
Select suitable
Material per
practice (Note-1)
Check Mat.
Listed in
Design Code
Pipe
Material
OK
YES
See Note-
1
NO
Note-1 : Material is selected per past experience with cost in
mind and per material listed in design code. If material is
not listed in code we may select next suitable material
listed.
Find out
Fluid Temp.
& Pressure
Pipe Thickness Selection - to select appropriate pipe thickness based on flowing fluid property.
Select Mat.
& Diameter
as above
Decide on
Corrosion
allowance
Calc. Pipe
Thickness per
Code
Find out
Fluid Temp.
& Pressure
24. In Power plant there are some piping which carries steam at high pressure and
temperature. And also there are piping which carries water at High pressure.
These pipes carries the main cycle steam and water of the steam power plant.
These pipelines are call the CRITICAL PIPING.
Very special care are taken for design of these piping.
First the pipe material selection for such piping is very important as it has to
withstand the high pressure and may be also high temperature.
As these pipes carry the main system fluid of the power plant, they are given
the right of way, and routed at beginning of the overall plant layout.
Steam pipes run at very high temperature and the hot pipes expand. We have to
built in flexibility in the high temperature pipe routing so that the expansion
force is absorbed within the piping.
Also there should be enough flexibility in these pipe routing so that high loads
are not transferred to the nozzles of Turbine or Pumps
There are many recognized international codes which lay down guide lines and
mandatory requirements for design of such piping.
The most important codes used by power plant piping engineers are
ASME ANSI B31.1- Power Piping Code & IBR - the Indian Boiler Regulation
25. Pipe Stress Analysis
We have already seen that some of the pipes are subjected to high pressure
and high temperature. Also pipes carry the load of the flowing fluid.
We need to check and confirm the pipe is not going to fail with these loading.
This process of checking the stress developed in the piping due to various
loading is called Pipe Stress Analysis/Flexibility analysis.
In the process of Analysis we apply various postulated loading on the pipe and
find out the stress resulted from these loading.
Then we check with governing codes if those stresses generated are
acceptable or not.
We check support load & movement for various loading condition.
We also check out the terminal point loading generated from pipe to the
equipment connected to the pipe. This loading are to be within acceptable
limits of the equipment suggested by the vendors.
We also find out the pipe growth due to change in temperature and need to
keep the movement of pipe within acceptable limits.
Pipe Stress Analysis is an Interactive and Iterative process. Each step is
checked
If a check fails we have to go back, modify the layout and restart the analysis.
26. PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS
Inputs
Geometric layout of Pipe
Pipe supporting configuration
Pipe Diameter and Thickness
Pressure inside Pipe
Cold and Hot temperatures of Pipe
Weight of Pipe and insulation
Weight of carrying Fluid
Pipe material Property (Young’s Modulus,
Thermal Expansion Coefficient)
Thrust on pipe due to blowing wind.
Thrust on pipe due to earthquake
Load of Snow on pipe
Any transient loading like Steam Hammer
load
Any other load on the piping
Tools we use
PIPSYS - is an integrated pipe stress
analysis module of PLADES 2000
CEASER - Commercial Piping analysis
software
There are many other commercial software
available
Outputs
Stress of the pipe at various loading
conditions
Load at various supports and restrains.
Movement of pipe at support locations
Pipe terminal point loading.
Codes and Standards
In general Power Plant Piping have to
comply stipulations of ASME ANSI B31.1
In India Power cycle Piping to comply IBR
code requirements.
27. Types of Pipe Supports
In the beginning of this discussion we
talked about various types of pipe
supports. Here is some elaboration
There are three general types
Rigid type (no flexibility in the
direction of restrain)
Spring type (Allows pipe
movement in direction of loading)
Dynamic Support (Degree of
restrain depends on acceleration
of load)
There are two types of spring
support
Variable load type, here support
load changes as the pipe moves.
Constant load support, the load
remains constant within some
range of movement.
Constant Load Spring
Variable Spring
RigidHanger
RigidSupport
Dynamic Support,
Snubber
Rigid Support
28. Some Special Considerations for Piping
When pipes are routed UNDER GROUND (Buried) following points to be kept in mind:
Minimum pipe size to be routed under ground shall be not less than1 inch.
Avoid flange joint in U/G piping.
Keep in mind if pipe leaks U/G, it will be difficult to detect, so avoid U/G routing of pipe
carrying hazardous fluid.
Pipe to be laid below Frost Zone at areas where ambient temperature goes below freezing.
U/G, Buried piping should be properly protected from corrosion.
Pipe may be properly wrapped and coated to prevent corrosion.
Or U/G piping be protected by using Cathodic protection.
Freeze Protection of outdoor Piping:
In the areas where the ambient temperature goes below freezing there is a possibility that
the liquid content of pipe may freeze while the plant is under shut down.
For similar case pipes are wrapped with heat tracing elements to maintain the content
temperature above freezing (around 4 deg. C) even when the ambient temp. is below
freezing.
Electric Heat tracing is done by wrapping electric coil around pipe, which turns on as the
ambient temperature goes down. Pipes are insulated over the heat tracing coils.
Heat tracing can also be done by winding Steam tubes around main pipes.
29. We have come to the End of Session.
Hope you have gathered the fundamentals
on the subject of Piping