Necla Dağ

Utopias take an important place in world literature and they are products of thoughts of escaping from the undesired world. Utopias named as earth paradises are named as earth hells, distopia or anti-utopia where the opposite situation is in question. Island, a term that cannot be overlooked when utopias are the subject, attracts attention in all but utopic works. In Zulfu Livaneli‟s so-called work Son Ada we will search in this study, island is also choosen as settlement. The life on island which changes from utopia to distopia becomes unsufferable in time and the last places of settlement are exterminated as a result of man‟s intervention in nature. Although Sevinc Cokum‟s book Cok Yapraklı Ġliskiler that we will compare with Son Ada novel carries an utopic feature; as it narrates events taking part in an unknown time, some characters and events carry utopic elements. The idea frequently stressed in both novels is that thought freedom which is the most important feature seperating man from the other creatures cannot be eradicated.

The concept of utopia has been discussed so many times and studied in the light of various perspectives. There are multifarious views about by whom the concept was coined, where it derived, and in what meanings it has been used. Utopias are acknowledged to be the outcomes of people’s longing for a free, happy and peaceful life. Throughout the human history, mankind’s desire for a better lifestyle, together with his unlimited power of imagination, has led to the rise of the fictional countries and paradises. Utopias offer alternatives to the discontentment with the circumstances. In the period of Servet-i Fünun (Wealth of Sciences), the incidents of oppression, espionage and denouncement deeply affected Tevfik Fikret just like many other writers of the period. In order to get rid of the unsatisfactory circumstances and of the political suppression, Tevfik Fikret and his fellows dreamed of escaping to New Zealand and of embracing bright days there. It is clearly possible to see that utopian longing in most of his works.

Utopias take an important place in world literature and they are products of thoughts of escaping from the undesired world. Utopias named as earth paradises are named as earth hells, distopia or anti-utopia where the opposite situation is in question. Island, a term that cannot be overlooked when utopias are the subject, attracts attention in all but utopic works. In Zulfu Livaneli‟s so-called work Son Ada we will search in this study, island is also choosen as settlement. The life on island which changes from utopia to distopia becomes unsufferable in time and the last places of settlement are exterminated as a result of man‟s intervention in nature. Although Sevinc Cokum‟s book Cok Yapraklı Ġliskiler that we will compare with Son Ada novel carries an utopic feature; as it narrates events taking part in an unknown time, some characters and events carry utopic elements. The idea frequently stressed in both novels is that thought freedom which is the most important feature seperating man from the other creatures cannot be eradicated.

Kötülük varoluş biçimi ve sebepleriyle ilk çağlardan itibaren birçok düşünürün ilgi alanına girer. İnsandaki kötülüğün doğuştan mı yoksa yaşantılar sonucunda mı geliştiğini araştıran düşünürler, kötülüğü çeşitli sınıflarda değerlendirerek insan doğasındaki kötülüğü ahlaki çöküntüyle bağlantılı olacak şekilde ele alırlar. Peyami Safa, düşünürlerin açıklamalarıyla benzer şekilde eserlerini Doğu-Batı karşılaştırması üzerine kurarken kötülüğün kaynakları ve ahlaki kötülük üzerine çözülmelerde bulunmayı ihmal etmez. Kötü kahramanlar, bozulan toplum yapısıyla ilişkili olacak şekilde betimlenir. Geleneksel Türk toplumunun kutsal saydığı değerleri tehdit eden bu kötü kahramanlar, Batı yaşamına özenen ve toplumsal değerleri, çıkarları uğruna yok sayarlar. Maddi çıkar ve konforlu bir yaşam elde etmek için hırslarının kurbanı olan kahramanların kötülük potansiyeli aşırı davranışlarıyla birçok ailenin dağılmasına neden olur. Canan, romanında kötülük problemi ahlaki bir sorun olarak ele alınır. ...

Mustafa Kutlu, in his works, handles the changing Turkish society in sociological and psychological terms. He examines psychological depression of the individual caused by modernization, urbanization and environmental concerns, and reveals the human relations within the consumer society. Basing his stories on the concept of migration, he explores the relationships between the countryside and town, man and environment, individual and society. His characters, who are confronted with cultural conflict, suffer from psychological depression in his environment in the first place, which then leads to alienation from environment. Loneliness, disorientation, economic and social problems within the transforming community are among the main reasons of alienation in his works. Choosing Istanbul as the most suitable setting for his analysis of the relationship between the urban immigrants and the townspeople, which depends on environmental factors, Kutlu endeavors to show that the slum-dwellers ...

Sanatcinin deyis tarzindan yola cikarak edebi metnin degerlendirilmesi ile ilgili calismalar son donemlerde agirlik kazanmasina ragmen yapilan calismalarin sayisi azdir. Uslupbilim alanindaki calismalara katki saglayacak calismalardan birine imza atan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Karabulut, Cumhuriyet donemi Turk siirinin onemli isimlerinden Necip Fazil Kisakurek’in siirlerini uslupbilim ilkeleri isiginda incelemistir. “Uslupbilim (Stilistik) ve Necip Fazil Kisakurek’in Şiirleri Uzerinde Stilistik Bir Inceleme” adli calismada yazar; edebi eser ve edebi dil uzerine degerlendirmelerde bulunarak uslup incelemelerinde dikkat edilmesi gereken konulara deginmektedir. Uslupbilim hakkinda ayrintili kuramsal bilgi verilerek incelemeden once deyisbilim ile ilk defa ilgilenecekler icin temel olusturulmaktadir. Calismanin kuramsal alt yapisi deyisbilim alaninda yabanci ve Turk arastirmacilarin gorusleri dogrultusunda saglamlastirilmistir. Uslupbilim incelemelerinde ana kaynak niteligindeki hemen butun cal...

The concept of utopia has been discussed so many times and studied in the light of various perspectives. There are multifarious views about by whom the concept was coined, where it derived, and in what meanings it has been used. Utopias are acknowledged to be the outcomes of people’s longing for a free, happy and peaceful life. Throughout the human history, mankind’s desire for a better lifestyle, together with his unlimited power of imagination, has led to the rise of the fictional countries and paradises. Utopias offer alternatives to the discontentment with the circumstances. In the period of Servet-i Fünun (Wealth of Sciences), the incidents of oppression, espionage and denouncement deeply affected Tevfik Fikret just like many other writers of the period. In order to get rid of the unsatisfactory circumstances and of the political suppression, Tevfik Fikret and his fellows dreamed of escaping to New Zealand and of embracing bright days there. It is clearly possible to see that utopian longing in most of his works.

ÖZ: Romancılığı ile tanınan İnci Aral, 1979 yılında "Ağda Zamanı" adlı öykü kitabı ile edebiyat dünyasına girer. Öykü kitaplarını art arda yayımlayarak insana dair pek çok konuyu işler. İnci Aral öykülerinde kendi yaşamından anıları işler. Onun kahramanları genellikle mutsuz ailelerde büyüyen çocuklar, eşleriyle anlaşamayan kadınlar ve aile veya toplum tarafından baskı yoluyla sindirilmiş bireylerdir. Kahramanları yazarın yaşamının tanıkları gibidir. Onun yaşadıkları kahramanları için sağlam bir kurgu oluşturur. Küçük yaştayken yaşadığı ailevi sorunlar hem Aral'ın yaşamını hem de kahramanlarının geleceğini tayin eder. Eşinden ayrıldıktan sonra yaşadığı sorunları kadın duyarlılığı ile öykülerinde ele alır. Kadının aile ve toplum içindeki yalnızlığına, kırgınlıklarına, mücadelesine, mutsuz evlilikler açısından yaklaşır. Kapı öyküsünde günlük kısa bir kesiti anlatılarak kadını sınırlayan, kurallara bağlayan ve mutsuz bir yaşama sürükleyen evlilikler mercek altına alınır. Bu kısa zaman dilimi bile kadının yaşadığı sorunları derinlemesine açıklar. Bu çalışmada İnci Aral'ın "Kapı" öyküsü incelenerek yazarın evlilik kurumuna, kadın sorunlarına yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır. İletişim sorunu olan ailelerde çocukların baba figürü nedeniyle yaşadığı sıkıntılar, bireyin yaşadığı travmalar, psikanalitik kuram ışığında incelenecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İnci Aral, aile, kadın, evlilik, boşanma. ABSTRACT: İnci Aral, known for her novelization, debuted in 1979 with the short story book "Waxing Time". She handles many human subjects by publishing story books repeatedly. İnci Aral processes memories from her own life in her stories. His protagonists are often children growing up in unhappy families, women unable to get along with their partners, and individuals intimidated by oppression by family or society. Its protagonists are like witnesses to the author's life. It forms a solid fiction for the protagonists they experience. The family problems she experienced when she was young determined both Aral's life and the future of his heroes. She addresses the problems she experienced after leaving her husband with female sensitivity in his stories. Approaches the loneliness, resentment and struggle of the woman in the family and society in terms of unhappy marriages. She tells a daily cross-section in the story of the "Door", in which she takes issue with marriage, which limits the woman, binds her to the rules and leads her to an unhappy life. Even this short period of time explains in depth the problems the woman is experiencing. In this study, Inci Aral's "Door" story will be examined and the author's approach to the institution of marriage and women's problems will be examined. Parents with communication problems will focus on the problems children experience due to the father figure. The effects of the traumas experienced by the individual on the life of the individual from the light of psychoanalytic theory will be emphasized.

The concept of utopia has been discussed so many times and studied in the light of various perspectives. There are multifarious views about by whom the concept was coined, where it derived, and in what meanings it has been used. Utopias are acknowledged to be the outcomes of people’s longing for a free, happy and peaceful life. Throughout the human history, mankind’s desire for a better lifestyle, together with his unlimited power of imagination, has led to the rise of the fictional countries and paradises. Utopias offer alternatives to the discontentment with the circumstances. In the period of Servet-i Fünun (Wealth of Sciences), the incidents of oppression, espionage and denouncement deeply affected Tevfik Fikret just like many other writers of the period. In order to get rid of the unsatisfactory circumstances and of the political suppression, Tevfik Fikret and his fellows dreamed of escaping to New Zealand and of embracing bright days there. It is clearly possible to see that utopian longing in most of his works.

Mustafa Kutlu, Türk toplumunun geçirdiği değişim evrelerini sosyolojik ve psikolojik veriler ışığında derinlemesine ele alarak eserlerinde işler. Modernleşme süreci ile başlayan değişimlerin birey ruhunda yarattığı psikolojik bunalımı, kentleşme ve çevre ilişkileri bağlamında ele alan Kutlu, tüketim toplumundaki insan ilişkilerine ışık tutar. Mustafa Kutlu hikâyelerinin çoğunda göç olayından yola çıkarak köy-kent, çevre-birey, toplum-birey üzerinde çeşitli analizler yapar. Kültürel bir çatışmanın ortasında kendini bulan bireyin çevre ile yaşadığı ilk psikolojik sorun olan bunalım, daha sonraki süreçte çevre ilişkileri sonucunda gelişen yabancılaşma problemine dönüşür. Yalnızlık, ortama uyum sağlayamama, değişen çevrenin getirdiği ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar, Kutlu’nun hikâyelerinde yabancılaşmanın temel nedenleridir.
Kente göçe eden ile kentli insan ilişkilerinin çevresel faktörlere bağlı örneklerinin en doğal mekânı olarak İstanbul’u tercih eden Kutlu, gecekondularda yaşayan insanların hemen dibinde yükselen hayata kayıtsız kalamadıklarını, lüks, eğlence ve konforun sarmaladığı hayatların onları kendine çektiğini göstermeye çalışır. Konfor, kahramanların

Sevinç Çokum, one of the important figures of our literature, observing the beliefs, cultural values, social and political structure of her society in a succesful way, introduces these elements to her readers. We have tried to focus on social and political elements in our thesis study entitled as “Social Structure in Sevinç Çokum’s Novels”.
We have studied Sevinç Çokum’s life in the first chapter of our study. We have analyzed the life of the writer in three chapters as infancy, youth and adolescence. We’ve introduced the summaries of the novels by giving knowledge about works of the writer in the same chapter. The part in which we have given knowledge about her artistry takes place in this chapter.
The second Chapter entitled as “The Social Structure in Sevinç Cokum’s Novels” is the main chapter in which the social structure in novels is analyzed.We have processed with the titles; family institution, immigration, education, economy, political life, religion, social classes, health, literature, tradition and folkloric elements.We’ve given place to generalizations to which we have reached at the end of the study in the last chapter of our study. We’ve also given Sevinç Çokum’s novels, articles that we have benefited from in the study and identification plate of books in the References.

Yavuz Bülent Bâkiler is one of the characters who attracts attention with his poems in our literatüre. The warm, sincere and plain way of speaking in the language of poetry enabled him to have a raturous style in contrast to aridness of Daily language. Thanks to this plain and sincere style which was a result of the songs he listened from his mother and folk literature, the author took up the sentimentalism preeminently.
The poetry book of ‚Harman‛ in which he published his poems is like an admixture created with his poems which can be also concluded from the name of it. The element of mother which can be found in most of his poems looks like being in the main focus in his poems as well as in his heart. The longing, respect and warmth for mother nearly surrounds his poems. When plainness and this interest for mother come together, his poems in the style of melodious song easily attracts readers. Treating lots of individual, religious, national, historical subjects and themes, the author has a different atmosphere of sense in each of his poem. Coalescing with Islamic and national values with his life, art and presence against life, in his poems love has an important place. There is a deep understanding of love and a mature way of speaking in the background of his poems. This feeling which has traces of humane and celestial love proves how strong a background the author has.
In his poem ‚Şaşırdım Kaldım İşte‛ Bâkiler expresses flutters of an individual who tries to be away from love as he is afraid of fallingin to the trap of self. The teetering and soul conflict which he experiences while examining the identity of the love which he is escaping causes him to head the point he is escaping from again. Turning back to the point where he got away, the author solves the love puzzle at the same place. In fact the thing which he escapes from is the thing he takes with him where he goes. Being a good example for a loss in creature world of an individual who is the problem of self-assertion, in the poem finding of individual himself who reaches to nullity is examined.

Utopias take an important place in world literature and they are products of thoughts
of escaping from the undesired world. Utopias named as earth paradises are named as
earth hells, distopia or anti-utopia where the opposite situation is in question.
Island, a term that cannot be overlooked when utopias are the subject, attracts
attention in all but utopic works. In Zulfu Livaneli‟s so-called work Son Ada we will
search in this study, island is also choosen as settlement. The life on island which changes
from utopia to distopia becomes unsufferable in time and the last places of settlement are
exterminated as a result of man‟s intervention in nature.
Although Sevinc Cokum‟s book Cok Yapraklı Ġliskiler that we will compare with
Son Ada novel carries an utopic feature; as it narrates events taking part in an unknown time, some characters and events carry utopic elements. The idea frequently stressed in both
novels is that thought freedom which is the most important feature seperating man from the
other creatures cannot be eradicated.

R u m e l i D E D i l v e E d e b i y a t A r a ş t ı r m a l a r ı D e r g i s i 2 0 1 9. Ö 5 (A ğ u s t o s) / 1 8 7 Refik Halit Karay ile sürgün kadın kahramanlarının ortak özellikleri / N. Dağ (187-197. s.) Refik Halit Karay ile sürgün kadın kahramanlarının ortak özellikleri 1 Necla DAĞ 2 APA: Dağ, N. (2019). Refik Halit Karay ile sürgün kadın kahramanlarının ortak özellikleri. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (Ö5), 187-197. DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.606115. Öz Sürgünlük kavramı siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik sebeplerden kaynaklı cezalandırılma, belli bir süre veya daimi olarak yerinden edilme, başka bir yere gönderilme durumlarını ifade eder. Çoğunlukla göç olgusuyla birlikte ele alınan bu kavram, irade dışında gerçekleşmesi yönüyle göç ile bazı farklılıkları içermektedir. Bu çalışmada sürgün kavramı hayatının iki döneminde sürgün cezasına çarptırılan Türk edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden Refik Halit Karay'ın yaşamı ve eserleri üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. Sürgüne gönderildiği beş yıl boyunca Anadolu'da ve Anadolu dışındaki hayatında gözlem yeteneğini kullanarak sürükleyici roman kurguları oluşturan yazarın ulaşım imkânlarının sınırlı olduğu dönemlerde yaptığı yolculukların eserlerine yansımaları üzerinde durulacaktır. Refik Halit, bu sürgün yolculukları sırasında insanları gözlemleyerek eserleri için kahramanlar biriktirir. Kendi yaşamında bazı olayları kurguya dâhil ederek olayları gerçekçi bir zemine oturtmaya çalışır. Türk edebiyatında genellikle siyasi, sosyal veya başka nedenlerden dolayı sürgün edilen erkek kahramanların hayatını ele alan eserler mevcuttur. Refik Halit; Yezidin Kızı, Çete ve Nilgün romanlarında diğer eserlerin aksine sürgün erkekleri değil; kadın kahramanları ele alarak farklı bir yaklaşım sergiler. Farklı kültürlerin temsilcileri olan roman kahramanları Zeli, Nina ve Nilgün çeşitli nedenlerle sürgüne mahkûm olmuşlardır. Yazar, sürgünün kadın psikolojisinde açtığı yaraları bu kahramanların kişilikleri üzerinden derinlemesine irdeler. Genellikle herkesin dikkatini çekecek güzellikte ve güçlü yapıda, çok iyi silah kullanan, birkaç yabancı dil bilen, iyi eğitim almış bu kadınların hemen hepsinin uzun yolculuklara çıktıkları ve çeşitli maceralar yaşadıkları görülür. Belli bir amaç ile yola çıkan bu kadınların casus rolü üstlenmeleri, tımarhanede kalmış olmaları ya da ruhsal hastalıklarla ile ilgili tedavi görmüş olmaları diğer ortak özellikleridir. Bu çalışmada yazarın Yezidin Kızı, Çete ve Nilgün romanlarındaki kadın kahramanların yaşadıkları sürgün hayatı ve bu kadınların ortak özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Abstract The concept of deportation refers to the situation of being punished for political, social, economic reasons, being displaced for a certain period of time or permanently, being sent to another place.