- Delhi, Delhi, India
The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by using alternative carbon source such as wheat bran residue and optimized fermentation medium for high yields. In the present investigation, to isolate the... more
The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by using alternative carbon source such as wheat bran residue and optimized fermentation medium for high yields. In the present investigation, to isolate the novel cellulase producing fungi, Trichoderma viride and T. reesei from the soil samples and to optimize the physicochemical and nutritional parameters for cellulase and xylanase production. Wheat bran residue was found to be the best substrate source for the production of cellulase and xylanase by Trichoderma spp. Optimal concentration of wheat bran residue for the production of cellulase and xylanase was 1.0% (w/v). Optimum temperature, pH and incubation time of the medium for the cellulase and xylanase production by T. viride and T.reesei was 280 C, 5.5 and 120 h respectively. Cellulase production from T. reesei can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi.
Among the environmental concerns the accumulation of heavy metals is of prime importance. The factors that are generally responsible for deteriorating soil quality include geological and anthropogenic activities. Besides, due to... more
Among the environmental concerns the accumulation of heavy metals is of prime importance. The factors that are generally responsible for deteriorating soil quality include geological and anthropogenic activities. Besides, due to constantly changing urbanization and industrialization patterns the quality of the soil has greatly been affected which ultimately poses a threat to the ecosystem, food safety and human health. Reclamation of these contaminated soils by engineering methods is expensive, time consuming and sometimes not eco-friendly. Researchers all over the world are focusing to exploit the potential of plants as phytoremediators, a technology which is cost-effective, sustainable and eco-friendly. Phytoremediation technology is emerging gradually and as one of the important components of green technology which aims to employ plants across various genera for restoring ecosystem health. Plants possess a natural ability to eliminate, detoxify or immobilize environmental contaminants in a growth matrix by means of various biological processes. The main significant points discussed in this chapter include the mechanisms of phytoremediation and factors affecting phytoremediation.
Research Interests:
Biofuels provide a potential and promising green alternative to avoid the global political instability and environmental crises that arise from dependence on petroleum. It has an important role to mitigate global warming and to conserve... more
Biofuels provide a potential and promising green alternative to avoid the global political instability and environmental crises that arise from dependence on petroleum. It has an important role to mitigate global warming and to conserve fossil fuels. Currently, starchy crops such as corn are utilized as a source of raw material for the production of bioethanol but it cannot meet global fuel requirements. Besides, due to their food value these conventional crops are not able to cater the demand of biofuel production. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass seems to be an attractive alternative for inexorable supplies of biofuels, cutting down the credence on fossil fuel resources. Lignocellulosic biomass feedstock is abundant, recyclable, cheap, and is evenly distributed in nature. However, lignocellulosic bioethanol production is not commercialized at a large scale due to certain economic and technical barriers which make ethanol production exorbitant. Therefore, research should be focussed to develop commercially profitable processes (green technology) for bioethanol production. Moreover, current approach is focussed on enzyme-based conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol. The assurance of highly dynamic conversion coupled to a “Green” technology is now universally appealing. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to critically analyze the current situation and future needs for technological developments in the area of producing liquid biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. It primarily covers distinct lignocellulosic biomass conversion technologies, challenges, and future research targets.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Medicine, and 4 moreBioreactor, Biotech, Callus, and Metabolite
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle on general performance and digestive proteases in zebra fish. Four experimental diets were designed with a concentration of 5, 20... more
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle on general performance and digestive proteases in zebra fish. Four experimental diets were designed with a concentration of 5, 20 and 40 parts per billion (ppb) nanoparticles in the diet (named S5, S20, and S40 respectively) and control group without any nanoparticles (S0). There was no significant difference observed in FI and FCR among all the dietary treatments. At the end of the experiment, S20 exhibited highest WG and SGR followed by S40 as compared with other feeding regimes while, there was no significant difference observed between S0 and S5. Similar trends were also observed in total protease enzyme activity of the fish. To evaluate the protease enzyme patterns on gut extract, substrate SDS-PAGE was performed and the inhibition of zymogram was studied. The results showed that there was no difference in banding patterns between S0 and S5 with EDTA treated samples whereas two extra bands of molecular weight (MW) 67 and 37 appeared in S20 and S40, were inhibited by EDTA indicating the presence of metalloprotease in those dietary regimes. There were no differences in the banding patterns of PMSF treated samples suggesting that the total serine protease remains unaffected by the dietary regimes. To conclude, we found 20 ppb inclusion of silver nanoparticle in fish diet improves general performance and induces metalloprotease activity in fish. Further detailed study is required before establishing dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle for industrial purposes.
Research Interests:
In this work an enhanced approach to 3D process modeling using mixed element meshes followed by tetrahedralization and small signal device simulation by Fielday is presented. This methodology is then used to analyze and predict the... more
In this work an enhanced approach to 3D process modeling using mixed element meshes followed by tetrahedralization and small signal device simulation by Fielday is presented. This methodology is then used to analyze and predict the effects of various substrate isolation schemes on substrate noise coupling. Experimental results are used to calibrate and verify the simulation results. Our proposed various
Research Interests:
This study investigates the level of contamination and health risk assessment for arsenic (As) and other elements in drinking water, vegetables and other food components in two blocks (Mohiuddinagar and Mohanpur) from the Samastipur... more
This study investigates the level of contamination and health risk assessment for arsenic (As) and other elements in drinking water, vegetables and other food components in two blocks (Mohiuddinagar and Mohanpur) from the Samastipur district, Bihar, India. Groundwater (80%) samples exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value (10μg/L) of As while Mn exceeded the previous WHO limit of 400μg/L in 28% samples. The estimated daily intake of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from drinking water and food components were 169, 19, 26, 882, 4645, 14582, 474, 1449 and 12,955μg, respectively (estimated exposure 3.70, 0.41, 0.57, 19.61, 103.22, 324.05, 10.53, 32.21 and 287.90μg per kg bw, respectively). Twelve of 15 cooked rice contained high As concentration compared to uncooked rice. Water contributes (67%) considerable As to daily exposure followed by rice and vegetables. Whereas food is the major contributor of other elements to the dietary exposure. Correlation and prin...
The purpose of this study is to prospectively identify factors that predict the chance of pleural injury (detected clinically or on postoperative X-ray chest) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). All patients with renal/upper... more
The purpose of this study is to prospectively identify factors that predict the chance of pleural injury (detected clinically or on postoperative X-ray chest) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). All patients with renal/upper ureteric stones, undergoing PCNL between January 2013 and June 2014, were evaluated for pleural injury. An erect chest X-ray on inspiration was done within 6 h of PCNL. The patients were divided into Groups A and B depending on whether they developed or did not develop pleural injury. Patient-, stone-, renal-, and procedure-related factors were compared between the two groups. 332 patients with mean age 36.76 ± 15.01 years (range 4-80) and M:F of 172:160 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pleural complications occurred in 10 patients (3 %). Of 141 patients with supracostal punctures (59 had additional infracostal punctures), 4.2 % (n = 6) had pleural injury. Of 191 patients with only infracostal punctures, 4 developed pleural injuries (2 %). Patients in g...
Research Interests:
Water from snow melt is a critical resource in watersheds of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. The distribution of snow and melt-water controls the temporal and spatial distributions of soil moisture,... more
Water from snow melt is a critical resource in watersheds of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. The distribution of snow and melt-water controls the temporal and spatial distributions of soil moisture, evapo-transpiration (ET), recharge, stream-aquifer interaction and other hydrologic processes within the watershed. It also influences the quantity and timing of water availability in
Research Interests:
A state-of-the-art, 8-18-GHz front end comprising four-phase and amplitude-matched frequency converters consisting of ten selectable 1-GHz-wide subband channels has been developed. An integrated local oscillator (LO) distribution module... more
A state-of-the-art, 8-18-GHz front end comprising four-phase and amplitude-matched frequency converters consisting of ten selectable 1-GHz-wide subband channels has been developed. An integrated local oscillator (LO) distribution module consisting of fine dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs) operating at 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 GHz provides the downconversion of the 8-18-GHz RF spectrum to a 2-3-GHz intermediate frequency range. The input
Research Interests:
Targeted drug delivery to specific subcellular compartments of brain cells is challenging despite their importance in the treatment of several brain-related diseases. Herein, we report on shape-directed intracellular compartmentalization... more
Targeted drug delivery to specific subcellular compartments of brain cells is challenging despite their importance in the treatment of several brain-related diseases. Herein, we report on shape-directed intracellular compartmentalization of nanoparticles in brain cells and their ability to deliver therapeutic molecules to specific organelles. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with different morphologies (spheres, spindles, biconcaves, and nanotubes) were synthesized and coated with a fluorescent carbon layer derived from glucose (Fe3O4@C). In vivo studies showed that the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles with biconcave geometry localized predominantly in the nuclei of the brain cells, whereas those with nanotube geometry were contained mostly in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, a small-molecule activator of histone acetyltransferases delivered into the nuclei of the brain cells using nanoparticles with biconcave geometry showed enhancement in enzymatic activity by a factor of three and resulted in spe...
Research Interests:
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures have been extensively studied as photo-anodes for the con-version of sunlight into chemical fuels by water splitting. A number of factors limit the photo-activity of pristine hematite nanostructures,... more
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures have been extensively studied as photo-anodes for the con-version of sunlight into chemical fuels by water splitting. A number of factors limit the photo-activity of pristine hematite nanostructures, including poor electrical conductivity and long pene-tration depth of light. Previous studies have shown that use of tin (Sn) as an n-type dopant can substantially enhance the photoactivity of hematite photoanodes by modifying their morphologi-cal, optical and electrical properties. This article presents impedance spectroscopic investigation of interplay between Sn-doping and the photoanode performance for photoelectrochemical water splitting using hematite nanostructure. Mott-Schottky measurements show that the Sn dopant serves as electron donor and increases the donor density of Sn-doped α-Fe2O3 nanostructured layer to 2.39×1019 cm-3. Photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows efficient photo-generated charge transfer from hematite to electroly...
Research Interests:
The Alps are often referred to as the « Water Towers of Europe » and as such play an essential role in European water resources. The impact of climatic change is expected to be particularly pronounced in the Alps and the lack of detailed... more
The Alps are often referred to as the « Water Towers of Europe » and as such play an essential role in European water resources. The impact of climatic change is expected to be particularly pronounced in the Alps and the lack of detailed hydrologic field observations is problematic for predictions of hydrologic and hazard assessment. Advances in information technology
Research Interests:
A solid-state mesoporous titanium dioxide (mTiO2) layer based hetero-junction solar cell, employing nanoparticles (NPs) of methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) as light harvesters has been studied. The optimum performance... more
A solid-state mesoporous titanium dioxide (mTiO2) layer based hetero-junction solar cell, employing nanoparticles (NPs) of methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) as light harvesters has been studied. The optimum performance parameters of CH3NH3PbI3 are observed as a function of sintering temperature and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A solid-state solar cell with the sandwich structure of mTiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Graphite paste showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.11% tested under standard Air Mass 1.5 Global (1000 Wm-2, AM1.5G) solar spectrum. Two-diode model is used to explore the performance limiting factors of the developed solid-state perovskite solar cell.
Research Interests:
The present work reports an experimental study for the direct determination of broad range of performance indicating parameters of polycrystalline silicon solar cell by using direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)... more
The present work reports an experimental study for the direct determination of broad range of performance indicating parameters of polycrystalline silicon solar cell by using direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) characterization techniques. The DC characterization technique is employed to obtain the characteristic features of solar cell like fill factor, efficiency, series resistance and ideality factor. The AC characterization technique provides resolved electrical response of the resistances and capacitances of p-p+ (back surface field) and n+-p junctions, series resistance of the solar cell as well as the lifetime of minority charge carriers. The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics demonstrate the existence of non-linear shunt paths and higher charge recombination for a less efficient polycrystalline silicon solar cell. The Impedance Spectroscopy results reveal that a low fill factor observed for less efficient silicon solar cell is due to the hindrance of c...
Research Interests:
Piecewise Linear Parabolic Trough Collector (PLPTC) is designed and developed to concentrate solar radiation on monocrystalline silicon based photovoltaic module. A theoretical model is used to perform electrical energy and exergy... more
Piecewise Linear Parabolic Trough Collector (PLPTC) is designed and developed to concentrate solar radiation on monocrystalline silicon based photovoltaic module. A theoretical model is used to perform electrical energy and exergy analysis of lowconcentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system working under actual test conditions (ATC). The exergy efficiency of LCPV system is in the range of 5.1% to 4.82% with increasing rate of input exergy rate from 30.81 W to 96.12 W, when concentration ratio changes from 1.85 to 5.17 Sun. Short-circuit current shows increasing trend with increasing input exergy rate of � 0.011 A/W. Power conversion efficiency decreases from 7.07 to 5.66% and opencircuit voltage decreases from 9.86 to 8.24 V with temperature coefficient of voltage � - 0.021 V/K under ATC. The results confirm that the commercially available silicon solar PV module performs satisfactorily under low concentration.
A concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system has a potential for further cost reduction of solar Photovoltaic (PV) power as compared to flat panel PV. In this work a piecewise linear parabolic trough is designed to reflect the solar radiation... more
A concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system has a potential for further cost reduction of solar Photovoltaic (PV) power as compared to flat panel PV. In this work a piecewise linear parabolic trough is designed to reflect the solar radiation with uniform intensity on the PV module receiver system. Silicon solar PV module based CPV system is modeled and simulation is done to study the variation of output power, open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current with respect to module temperature and irradiance. These simulation results are experimentally validated using a CPV (CR ~ 8) system developed in laboratory. The results confirms that the commerically available silicon solar PV module performs satisfactorily upto ~ 8 Sun concentration.
To explore the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP). Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 10... more
To explore the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP). Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 10 cases of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), 8 cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and 10 cases of healthy control subjects. And we also examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 14 cases of AP (including 10 MAP and 4 SAP) before treatment, after successful therapy and clinically cured. The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in the groups of MAP, SAP patients and healthy control subjects was 0.771+/-0.274, 1.092+/-0.331 and 0.459+/-0.175, respectively; there was a significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05). And there was also a significant difference between the AP patients (0.914+/-0.341) and healthy control subjects (0.459+/-0.175) (P<0.05). Moreover, in the 14 cases of AP, before treatment, after successful therapy and clinically cured, the...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
To investigate the therapeutic effect of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) gene transfection on pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in vivo in experimental cancers. Human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was inoculated subcutaneously... more
To investigate the therapeutic effect of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) gene transfection on pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in vivo in experimental cancers. Human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was inoculated subcutaneously into the back of nude mice. When tumor nodules were grown as large as about 5 mmX5 mm days after inoculation, the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 mice in each group). Group I served as untreated control group. Group II received an intratumoral injection of a combination of human cytomegalovirus promoter-6C (pCMV-6C) and lipofectamine 2000. Group III received an intratumoral injection of a combination of pCMV-6C-SSTR2 and lipofectamine 2000. The rate of tumor growth was compared among these three groups. The expression of SSTR2 in these tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot. Apoptosis index (AI) in these tumors was examined by using TUNEL in situ. Intratumoral injection of a combination of pCMV-6C-SSTR2 and lipofectami...
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT In the current investigation a pre-synthesized nano-crystalline Ni–20Cr powder was deposited by cold-spray technique on SA 516 steel. The powder was synthesized by ball milling approach. The nano-crystallinity of the developed... more
ABSTRACT In the current investigation a pre-synthesized nano-crystalline Ni–20Cr powder was deposited by cold-spray technique on SA 516 steel. The powder was synthesized by ball milling approach. The nano-crystallinity of the developed coating was established by crystallite size measurements from XRD profile, which was further endorsed by TEM analysis. High-temperature oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated samples was studied under cyclic isothermal conditions at 900 °C for 50 cycles in a laboratory tube furnace. The oxidation rates for the bare and coated steel were evaluated in terms of weight gain data. Different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were utilized to characterize the oxide scale. The hardness and oxidation resistance of the steel increased after the application of coating. The reduction in oxidation rate of the base steel was 94%. Moreover, the developed nanostructured coating was observed to reduce weight gain by 64% in comparison with micron-sized Ni–20Cr cold spray coating thus offers a higher oxidation resistance. This may be attributed to relatively denser structure, lower porosity and lower oxide content of the nanostructured coating.
Research Interests:
Traditionally, companies aiming to achieve competition among suppliers have used sealed bidding procedures in their sourcing processes. The advances in information technology and in particular the Internet now allow these c ompanies to... more
Traditionally, companies aiming to achieve competition among suppliers have used sealed bidding procedures in their sourcing processes. The advances in information technology and in particular the Internet now allow these c ompanies to use different and more c omplex auction mechanisms. In p articular multidimensional auctions are a natural extension of the standard sealed-bid auctions, but t hese auctions raise
Research Interests:
ICE has demonstrated its utility in imaging right atrial structures but its utility in slow pathway (SP) ablation has not been documented in a randomized trial. The feasibility of using ICE as a imaging modality to identify the effective... more
ICE has demonstrated its utility in imaging right atrial structures but its utility in slow pathway (SP) ablation has not been documented in a randomized trial. The feasibility of using ICE as a imaging modality to identify the effective site of SP ablation was done in part one of the study comprising 10 patients of typical AVNRT. Subsequently, a prospective randomized study was done comparing the conventional (group A) and ICE guided (group B) ablation of the SP. Each group had 20 patients of typical AVNRT. Ablation in the conventional arm was guided by intracardiac electrograms and fluoroscopy. Group B patients underwent SP ablation guided primarily by ICE imaging; fluoroscopy was used mainly for initial placement of catheters. Reliable & stable ICE images were obtained in all patients. Part I of the study showed that RF pulses given when the ablation catheter was seen to cross the atrioventricular muscular septum (AVMS), always resulted in junctional rhythm. In Group B, RF pulse ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT Commercially available polycrystalline silicon solar cells have been studied under varying illumination conditions to evaluate their application in low- concentration photovoltaic systems.The present work explores a detailed... more
ABSTRACT Commercially available polycrystalline silicon solar cells have been studied under varying illumination conditions to evaluate their application in low- concentration photovoltaic systems.The present work explores a detailed analytical framework for determining a broad range of performance indicating parameters for polycrystalline silicon solar cells by using the impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique. The IS measurements show that the diffusion capacitance varies from 1�x10�^-7 to 5x�10^-7 F/cm^2 and diffusion resistance from 0.5 to 770 Ω-cm^2 with the applied bias. The IS measurements also indicated that the effective lifetime of charge carriers decreases with increasing illumination.This study confirms that commercially available polycrystalline silicon solar cells can work satisfactorily under low concentration (&lt;3.5 suns).
Research Interests:
This paper describes a technique for filtering optically measured in-line defect densities (DDmeas) in order to arrive at defect densities (DDreal) which can be combined with critical areas to predict single layer random defect limited... more
This paper describes a technique for filtering optically measured in-line defect densities (DDmeas) in order to arrive at defect densities (DDreal) which can be combined with critical areas to predict single layer random defect limited yield. The technique involves correlating in-line defects with bitmap failures to establish the relationship between the optically measured defect density and the defect density required
Research Interests:
Concurrent infection with two agents can result in an illness having overlapping symptoms creating a diagnostic dilemma for the treating physician. The symptoms of dengue may mimic other diseases such as leptospirosis, influenza A,... more
Concurrent infection with two agents can result in an illness having overlapping symptoms creating a diagnostic dilemma for the treating physician. The symptoms of dengue may mimic other diseases such as leptospirosis, influenza A, Salmonella Typhi, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya and malaria. There is paucity of data regarding dengue and typhoid co- infection both in the developed and developing countries. This study attempts to find the current co- infection rates in North Delhi. This retrospective study was done between August and November 2013. Medical records of 659 patients exhibiting febrile illness who visited Kasturba Hospital were studied. Dengue specific IgM antibodies were detected by Dengue IgM antibody capture ELISA test. Serodiagnosis of Salmonella infection was conducted by Widal test in the hospital. Of the 659 febrile sera samples tested here, 141 (21.39%) tested positive for dengue. Of these 91 were females and 50 males. Of the dengue cases, eleven were co-infe...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) synthesized by adopting focused microwave synthesis approach was doped with nanocrystalline TiO2 (5% by weight) and developed into the thin film sandwiched device having ITO/ClAlPc:TiO2/Ag Schottky... more
Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) synthesized by adopting focused microwave synthesis approach was doped with nanocrystalline TiO2 (5% by weight) and developed into the thin film sandwiched device having ITO/ClAlPc:TiO2/Ag Schottky configuration by spin coating technique covering 1 cm2 as an active area. The so fabricated device having initial dark current of the order of 0.2 5 m A was exposed to
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT Recently, the use of metallic nanostructures that support surface plasmons has emerged as a potential technique to minimize reflection from the front surface of solar cell. Surface plasmons are excitations of the conduction... more
ABSTRACT Recently, the use of metallic nanostructures that support surface plasmons has emerged as a potential technique to minimize reflection from the front surface of solar cell. Surface plasmons are excitations of the conduction electrons at the interface between a metal and a dielectric material. A theoretical model could be worked out to study the effect of metal nano-particle embedded dielectric layer on the output performance of dye-sensitized solar cell. The structural design, theoretical concept, calculations and results of plasmon enhanced DSSC are reported. It could be concluded that Al nanoparticle embedded ZnO thin-film helps in performance improvement. Net efficiency improvement of 1.65% under AM1.5 incident spectrum could be reported in plasmon-enhanced DSSC as compared to the DSSC without plasmons.
Rabies is a fatal neurological disease and a persistent global problem. It is spread primarily by domestic dogs but other canid, viverrid (skunks and raccoons) and chiropteran species are considered as the most efficient vectors of the... more
Rabies is a fatal neurological disease and a persistent global problem. It is spread primarily by domestic dogs but other canid, viverrid (skunks and raccoons) and chiropteran species are considered as the most efficient vectors of the disease. Since dogs are the main perpetuator of rabies, special attention has to be given to bring all the dogs including unauthorized stray dogs under immunization umbrella in order to control rabies. Vaccination is the only way to combat the disease before and after exposure or infection as there is no treatment available once the symptoms have appeared. After the first crude nerve tissue vaccine developed by Pasteur in 1885, a number of rabies vaccines for animal and human use have been developed with varying degree of safety and efficacy over the years. Presently, cell culture based inactivated rabies vaccines are largely used in most of the parts of the world. However, these vaccines are too expensive and unaffordable for vaccination of people an...
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most important viruses that causes haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis of dogs worldwide. The picture has been complicated further due to the emergence of new mutants of CPV, namely:... more
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most important viruses that causes haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis of dogs worldwide. The picture has been complicated further due to the emergence of new mutants of CPV, namely: CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. In this study, the molecular characterisation of strains present in the CPV vaccines available on the Indian market was performed using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The VP1/VP2 genes of two vaccine strains and a field strain (Bhopal) were sequenced and the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The results indicated that the isolate belonged to CPV type 2b and the strains in the vaccines belonged to type CPV-2. From the study, it is inferred that the CPV strain used in commercially available vaccine preparation differed from the strains present in CPV infection in dogs in India.
Research Interests:
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) has been considered to be an important pathogen of domestic and wild canids and has spread worldwide since its emergence in 1978. It has been reported from Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Americas and Europe.... more
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) has been considered to be an important pathogen of domestic and wild canids and has spread worldwide since its emergence in 1978. It has been reported from Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Americas and Europe. Two distinct parvoviruses are now known to infect dogs-the pathogenic CPV-2 and CPV-1 or the minute virus of canine (MVC). CPV-2, the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs, is one of the most important pathogenic viruses with high morbidity (100%) and frequent mortality up to 10% in adult dogs and 91% in pups. The disease condition has been complicated further due to emergence of a number of variants namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c over the years and involvement of domestic and wild canines. There are a number of different serological and molecular tests available for prompt, specific and accurate diagnosis of the disease. Further, both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available to control the disease i...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
... Suresh Thareja a , Saurabh Aggarwal a , Tilak Raj Bhardwaj a,b and Manoj Kumar* ,a aUniversity Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India bISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 002 (Punjab), India ...