Nádia Roque

Alagoas is a Brazilian state contained in the area of two large and important phytogeographic domains: Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. Although the presence of these domains possibly indicates a considerable biodiversity, floristic studies in the state are still scarce, especially for the family Asteraceae. In this sense, we developed a combined GIS and floristic study approach to highlight aspects associated with the diversity, distribution and conservation of Asteraceae in Alagoas. Thus, the aims of this paper are to: (1) present a checklist of Asteraceae in the state of Alagoas, (2) provide an overview of areas with highest species richness and collection density, and (3) verify the representativeness of the group in conservation units within the state. Asteraceae is represented in Alagoas by 112 species, 35 genera and 12 tribes. Among them, 51 species are new state records, with Lepidaploa (Cassini) Cassini and Mikania Willdenow having the highest number of new occurrences. Our re...

Campuloclinium alternifolium was re-collected in southeastern Tocantins State, Brazil, after the Gardner collection in 1840. This new material reveals opposite, slightly decussate cauline leaves in contrast with the original description. Ecological insights are provided in order to locate new populations of this poorly known species, and detailed pictures are presented for the first time. The species name is lectotypified.

FIGURE 2. A. Spatial distribution of Myrtaceae records and points validated during fieldwork that were used to measure the Cohen-Kappa coefficient; B. Number of records attributed to vegetation categories according to landcover classification and collector description (AN: Anthropized vegetation, CAA: Caatinga sensu lato, CE: Cerrado sensu lato, CR: Campos rupestres, FL: Forests and NI: Not identified, specimens with no available data); and C. Number of records according to their collection date.

FIGURE 5. A. Spatial distribution of previous floristic surveys including Myrtaceae in the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Brazil - including the extension of surrounding morphoclimatic domains and delimitation of the three main geomorphological structures: Chapada Diamantina (upper portion), Northern Espinhaço (middle portion) and Southern Espinhaço (lower portion); B. NMDS; and C. UPGMA results, both with the circumscription of the four groups found.

FIGURE 3. Phytophysiognomies recorded in the study area. A: Arboreal caatinga (Photography taken in January, after occurrence of rain); B: Caatinga s.s. (Photography from August, dry season); C: Campo rupestre; D: Cerrado s.s.; E: Campos gerais; F: Campo limpo; G: Forest.

<b>18.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum pulchrum</i> (Cabrera) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Gochnatia pulchra</i> Cabrera (1971: 106). Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: 28 April 1923, <i>G</i> <i>.</i> <i>Gehrt</i> s.n. (holotype LP!, isotype NY!, SP!).

<b>1.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum argentinum</i> (Cabrera) G. Sancho, <i>comb. nov</i>. Basionym: <i>Moquinia argentina</i> Cabrera (1935: 56). Type:― ARGENTINA. Chaco: Colonia Benítez, February 1931, <i>A. G</i> <i>.</i> <i>Schulz 173</i> (holotype LP!)

<b>13.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum haumanianum</i> (Cabrera) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Gochnatia haumaniana</i> Cabrera (1950: 44). Type:― PARAGUAY. Pedro Juan Caballero: January 1934, <i>T</i> <i>.</i> <i>Rojas 6575</i> (holotype LP!).

<b>7.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum cordatum</i> (Less.) G. Sancho, <i>comb. nov.</i> Basionym: <i>Gochnatia cordata</i> Lessing (1830: 263). Type:― BRAZIL. No date, <i>F. Sellow</i> s.n. (holotype B [destroyed], photo of B sheet at F is available online at Field Museum website 2012). Neotype:― BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Morro Sta. Teresinha, 1 April 1949, <i>Irmaõ J. Cristovão</i> s.n. (ICN 017113! designated here, isoneotypes G, LP 022462!, SPSF 03566!, US!) <b>7.1.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum cordatum</i> var. <i>mollissimum</i> (Hassler) Sancho, <i>comb. nov.</i> Basionym: <i>Gochnatia cordata</i> var. <i>mollissima</i> Hassler (1919: 27). Type:― PARAGUAY. No date, <i>E</i> <i>.</i> <i>Hassler 9327</i> (holotype G, isotype S 11-28549, photo of S sheet available online at GPI 2003, P!)

<b>9.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum discolor</i> (Baker) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Gochnatia discolor</i> Baker (1884: 350). Type:― BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1840, <i>P</i> <i>.</i> <i>Claussen</i> s.n. (holotype K!, isotype <b>s</b> K!, G!, P!).

In science, standardization of terminology is crucial to make information accessible and allow proper comparison of studies’ results. Climbing plants and the climbing habit have been described in numerous ways, frequently with imprecise and dubious terms. We propose a standardization of terms regarding the climbing habit, with special attention to climbing mechanisms. We abide by previous suggestions that the terms “primary” and “secondary” hemiepiphyte be substituted by “hemiepiphyte” and “nomadic climber” respectively, thus emphasizing the relationship of the latter to the climbing habit. We also suggest that “climbing plant” or “climber” be used to describe plants displaying the climbing habit, and “liana” and “vine” be left for describing woody and herbaceous climbers respectively. As for climbing mechanisms, we propose an eight-category classification comprised of two major categories: passive climbing, containing scrambling, hooks or grapnels, and adhesive roots; and active climbing, containing twining, tendrils, prehensile branches, twining petioles, and twining inflorescences. Na ciência, a padronização de terminologia é crucial para tornar informações acessíveis e possibilitar a comparação adequada dos resultados de estudos. Trepadeiras e o hábito trepador vêm sendo descritos de diversas maneiras, frequentemente com termos imprecisos e dúbios. Nós propomos uma padronização da terminologia relativa ao hábito trepador, com atenção especial aos mecanismos de escalada. Nós acatamos sugestões anteriores de que os termos “hemiepífita primária” e “secundária” sejam substituídos por “hemiepífita” e “trepadeira nômade” respectivamente, enfatizando assim a relação desta última com o hábito trepador. Nós também sugerimos que “trepadeira” seja utilizado para descrever plantas apresentando o hábito trepador, e “liana” e “trepadeira herbácea” sejam utilizados somente para descrever trepadeiras lenhosas e herbáceas respectivamente. Quanto aos mecanismos de escalada, nós propomos uma classificação com oito categorias compreendidas em duas grandes categorias: trepadeiras passivas, contendo os mecanismos apoiante, ganchos e raízes grampiformes; e trepadeiras ativas, contendo os mecanismos volúvel, gavinhas, ramos preensores, pecíolos volúveis e inflorescências volúveis.

Resumo O presente estudo fornece o tratamento taxonômico das espécies de Microlicieae para o município de Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Foram catalogadas 27 espécies distribuídas nos gêneros Microlicia (24 espécies), Lavoisiera (L. harleyi e L. nervulosa) e Trembleya (T. parviflora). Com exceção de M. fasciculata, M. viminalis e T. parviflora, as demais espécies encontradas em Mucugê são endêmicas da Chapada Diamantina. Entre as espécies de Microlicia, quatro foram recentemente descritas e outras quatro ainda necessitam de estudos complementares para sua identificação. Anteras poliesporangiadas foram descritas pela primeira vez para 11 espécies de Microlicia. As espécies de Microlicieae ocupam áreas de campo rupestre em altitudes entre 900-1.500 m, em solos arenosos ou pedregosos, às vezes associadas a cursos d'água.

Riparian plant litter is a major energy source for forested streams across the world and its decomposition has repercussions on nutrient cycling, food webs and ecosystem functioning. However, we know little about plant litter dynamics in tropical streams, even though the tropics occupy 40% of the Earth's land surface. Here we investigated spatial and temporal (along a year cycle) patterns of litter inputs and storage in multiple streams of three tropical biomes in Brazil (Atlantic forest, Amazon forest and Cerrado savanna), predicting major differences among biomes in relation to temperature and precipitation regimes. Precipitation explained most of litter inputs and storage, which were generally higher in more humid biomes (litterfall: 384, 422 and 308 g m(-2) y(-1), storage: 55, 113 and 38 g m(-2), on average in Atlantic forest, Amazon and Cerrado, respectively). Temporal dynamics varied across biomes in relation to precipitation and temperature, with uniform litter inputs but...

ABSTRACT In 2005, the Brazilian government established a National Evaluation Program in orderto evaluate didactic material to be acquired and distributed to 6.9 million students from publichigh schools. Publishers submitted 20 high school biology books/collections that were analyzedby a team of faculty members from several public universities and high school teachers gatheredby the Brazilian Ministry of Education. This process employed a set of criteria and excluded nineof those books/collections. The conceptual problems related to the study of evolution andbiological diversity found in excluded materials are presented here. They were grouped into 11categories, eight of which are very likely to lead to persistent wrong understanding of scientificideas and difficulties in future learning. Some problems, as that of presenting evolution as adeterministic process, were previously reported in other studies focusing on evolution teaching.Others, such as conflation between organization levels, were not specifically reported but arelikely to be widespread.

FIGURE 4. Eugenia sebastianopolitana. a. Sessile flower bud (1. Petals; 2. Calyx fused, tearing on anthesis). b. Flower. c. Shrubby habit. d. Floral bud. e. cross section of ovary, illustrating two locules and 16 to 20 ovules. Scale: 1mm (d-e). Photos: Souza, M.C (a-c); Stadnik, A. (d-e).

FIGURE 2. Simplified phylogenetic tree of Eugenia based on Bayesian analysis of nuclear ITS and four plastid regions (psbA-trnH, rpl16, rpl-32trnL and trnQ-rps16). Eugenia martinellii and E. sebastianopolitana are asterisked to highlight their position in Eugenia sect. Umbellatae. Eugenia sect. Umbellatae is highlighted. Black arrow represents clade D (sensu Mazine et al 2018). Numbers at nodes represent PP and are only reported for support of 0.95 or above.

FIGURE 4. Myrtaceae collected in Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil.A: Algrizea macrochlamys; B: Campomanesia sessiliflora; C: Eugenia modesta; D: E. punicifolia; E: E. splendens; F: Myrcia amazonica; G: M. loranthifolia; H, I: Myrciaria floribunda; J: Psidium brownianum. (A-C, F-J. Aline Stadnik; D. Luísa Lucresia; E. Janine D.O. Melo).

<b>21.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum velutinum</i> (Bong.) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Moquinia velutina</i> Bongard (1839: 41). Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: no date, <i>G</i> <i>. H.</i> <i>von Langsdorff</i> s.n. (holotype LE, photo of LE sheet at LP!)

<b>15.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum oligocephalum</i> (Gardner) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Moquinia oligocephala</i> Gardner (1847: 457). Type:— BRAZIL. Ceará: 1839, <i>G</i> <i>.</i> <i>Gardner 2422</i> (holotype BM, photo of BM sheet at LP!).

<b>14.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum mollissimum</i> (Malme) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Moquinia mollissima</i> Malme (1899: 76). Type:― BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: 24 February 1893, <i>G</i> <i>.</i> <i>Malme 648</i> (holotype S!, isotype G!).

<b>8.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum densicephalum</i> (Cabrera) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Gochnatia paniculata</i> var. <i>densicephala</i> Cabrera (1971: 86). Type:― BRAZIL. Near Rio de Janeiro, November 1879, <i>A. F. M</i> <i>.</i> <i>Glaziou 11072</i> (holotype K!).

<b>3.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum barrosoae</i> (Cabrera) G. Sancho, <i>comb. nov</i>. Basionym: <i>Gochnatia barrosoae</i> Cabrera (1950: 46), as <i>G. barrosii</i>. Type:― BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ituitaba, 28 July 1948, <i>A. Macedo 1138</i> (holotype LP!, isotypes G!, SP!, US!).

<b>4.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum blanchetianum</i> (DC.) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Baccharis blanchetiana</i> Candolle (1838: 281). Type:― BRAZIL. "montibus Jacobinae, propè Bahiam", no date, <i>J</i> <i>. S</i> <i>Blanchet 2569</i> (holotype G-DC!, isotypes F!, two sheets K!, SP!)

<b>5.</b> <i>Moquiniastrum bolivianum</i> (Rusby) G. Sancho, comb. nov. Basionym: <i>Moquinia boliviana</i> Rusby (1907: 399). Type:― BOLIVIA. No date, <i>M</i> <i>.</i> <i>Bang 2252</i> (holotype NY, isotypes G!, LP!, MO!). Homotypic synonym: <i>Gochnatia rusbyana</i> Cabrera (1950: 41).

Myrtaceae is represented by 23 genera and 974 species in Brazil, and it is one of the most representative families in the Espinhaço Range. The Serra Geral is one of the mountain ranges that make up Northern Espinhaço and represents a floristic gap in the region. Thus, the main purpose of this work was to produce a floristic inventory and taxonomic study for Myrtaceae in Serra Geral of Licínio de Almeida, Bahia. Nine field trips were carried out between 2012 and 2015, and the collected specimens were processed and housed in ALCB and HUEFS herbaria. Eight genera and 43 species of Myrtaceae were found, amongst which Psidium proved the most diverse genus (14 spp.), followed by Eugenia (10 spp.), Myrcia (8 spp.), Myrciaria (5 spp.) and Campomanesia (3 spp.). Blepharocalyx, Calyptranthes and Plinia are represented by a single species each. Psidium rhombeum and Psidium ganevii are endemic species to Bahia, while Calyptranthes clusiifolia is a new occurrence in the state. This study present...

Estudos acerca da composição florística ao longo da Cadeia do Espinhaço revelam a expressiva diversidade de Asteraceae, especialmente de Eupatorieae e Vernonieae, que são as tribos com o maior número de espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento florístico e taxonômico das espécies pertencentes às tribos Vernonieae e Eupatorieae que ocorrem em Morro do Chapéu, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia.

The new genus Moquiniastrum, the result of recent phylogenetic analyses, is described. Although these analyses are based on cpDNA and nDNA, they also involve documentation of the distinctive morphological characters supporting this new genus. The recognition of Moquiniastrum is necessary to accurately reflect the relationships of the taxa found in the tribe Gochnatieae. Moquiniastrum includes twenty-one species that are usually gynodioecious and found mainly in Brazil but with some species elsewhere in South America. A description of Moquiniastrum, together with the corresponding new combinations, new lectotypifications of three names and one new neotypification is here provided. Key words: classification, Compositae, nomenclature, taxonomy

Background and aims – Generic limits of the tropical tribe Gardenieae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) have partly remained unsettled. We produced a new phylogeny of the Randia clade, with emphasis on its Neotropical clade comprising five genera (Casasia, Randia, Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinctanthus, and Tocoyena). The result was subsequently used to evaluate and discuss: a) the respective monophyly of the above-mentioned genera and their interrelationships; b) relationships within Tocoyena and the evolutionary relevance of its subgeneric classification; and c) the monophyly of the morphologically variable T. formosa.Material and methods – We examined the phylogeny of the Randia clade based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of sequence data from two nuclear (ETS and Xdh) and two plastid (petB-petD and trnT-F) DNA regions from 59 individuals (including seven representatives from the remaining Ixoroideae).Key results – The Neotropical clade of the Randia clade comprises three major line...

Resumo : O Herbario Alexandre Leal Costa (ALCB) realizou a informatizacao e a disponibilizacao online de todo o seu acervo, incluindo o de plantas historicas, coletadas em parte na Europa, entre 1820 e 1880. O acervo conta com 121.985 especimes de fanerogamas, algas, briofitas e fungos, cuja colecao representa grande parte da biodiversidade do estado da Bahia. Associado a informatizacao, o Herbario ALCB tem focado suas atividades no incremento de seu acervo, atraves de coletas botânicas, no apoio cientifico a pesquisadores, docentes, alunos e a comunidade local. As parcerias com herbarios nacionais e internacionais para intercâmbio de amostras tem subsidiado e fortalecido ainda mais a insercao do Herbario no cenario nacional. A proxima etapa e digitalizar toda a colecao e disponibiliza-la online, colaborando com os projetos futuros que visam a catalogacao da Flora Brasileira. Abstract : The Herbarium Alexandre Leal Costa (ALCB) has online all specimens, including the historical plan...

Vanilla palmarum is an obligately epiphytic orchid distributed widely throughout South America with emblematic specificity for species of palms. This epiphyte-phorophyte association was examined through the analysis of specimens available via the database of Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental and from Brazilian herbaria. We recognized nine species as hosts of V. palmarum in Brazil: Acrocomia aculeata, Attalea phalerata, Attalea speciosa, Elaeis guineensis, Mauritia flexuosa, Syagrus cearensis, S. coronata, S. schizophylla, and S. vagans. The most important phorophytes of V. palmarum were found to be A. speciosa (Cerrado), A. phalerata (Pantanal), M. flexuosa (Amazon Forest) and S. coronata (Caatinga). Future management actions must consider the association between V. palmarum and its phorophyte palm species in order to ensure the protection of this ecological interaction.

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and...

Abstract The high plant richness in riparian zones of tropical forest streams and the relationship with an input of organic matter in these streams are not well understood. In this study, we assessed (i) the annual dynamics of inputs of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) in a tropical stream; and (ii) the relationship of species richness on riparian vegetation biomass. The fluxes and stock of CPOM inputs (vertical-VI = 512, horizontal-HI = 1912, and terrestrial-TI = 383 g/m 2 /year) and the benthic stock (BS = 67 g/m 2 /month) were separated into reproductive parts, vegetative parts and unidentified material. Leaves that entered the stream were identified and found to constitute 64 morphospecies. A positive relationship between species richness and litterfall was detected. The dynamics of CPOM were strongly influenced by rainfall and seasonal events, such as strong winds at the end of the dry season. Leaves contributed most to CPOM dynamics; leaf input was more intense at the end of the dry season (hydric stress) and the start of the rainy season (mechanical removal). Our study show an increase of litter input of CPOM by plant diversity throughout the year. Each riparian plant species contributes uniquely to the availability of energy resources, thus highlighting the importance of plant conservation for maintaining tropical streams functioning.

Maschalostachys, a new genus of Asteraceae (Vernonieae, Lychnophorinae) from Brazil, is described and illustrated to accommodate two species, Maschalostachys markgrafii, which was previously placed in Lychnophora (L. markgrafii), and a new species here described as M. mellosilvae. The combination of several diagnostic characters pertaining to Maschalostachys, including monopodial treelets, semi-amplexicaul leaf sheath, indument composed of T-shaped and unbranched trichomes, capitula fused in a syncephalium and organized in axillary loose spikes or frequently in panicle of spikes (rarely cyme), is not found in any other genus of the tribe Vernonieae. Affinities of the new genus with other genera of Lychnophorinae are discussed. Each species is described and illustrated, and its conservation status is assessed.

Levantamentos florísticos de Asteraceae na Cadeia do Espinhaço têm confirmado uma significante riqueza de espécies e de endemismos dessa família para as vegetações campestres. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um inventário florístico de Asteraceae no município de Mucugê, Bahia, oferecendo subsídios para o reconhecimento da família na região. As coletas têm sido realizadas na região há pelo menos uma década e meia cobrindo grande parte da área do Município. Foram estudados também os materiais provenientes dos herbários ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, MBM, NYBG, RB, SP, SPF e UB. A família Asteraceae está representada em Mucugê por 18 tribos, 78 gêneros e 167 espécies. As tribos com maior número de espécies são Eupatorieae (49 spp.), Vernonieae (46 spp.), Astereae (18 spp.) e Heliantheae (11 spp.). Dos gêneros registrados, cinco são monoespecíficos (Pseudostifftia, Platypodanthera, Bahianthus, Conocliniopsis e Prolobus) e cinco são endêmicos da Bahia (Pseudostifftia, Stylotrich...

Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) is the largest tribe of the Phytomelanic Fruit Clade, mostly restricted to the western hemisphere. Phylogenetic studies in Eupatorieae recovered some clades endemic to the Brazilian rocky fields. In one of these clades Catolesia is composed up to now by only two species, C. mentiens and C. huperzioides and it is distinguished by characters such as sessile leaves, capitulescence or heads surrounded by leafy-bracts, convex to conical, paleaceous receptacle, and pappus absent. In this study, we propose a new species of Catolesia , C. monocephala , characterized by the pedunculate and solitary capitula at the apex of the branches, aciculate leaf laminae, conical, paleaceous receptacle, paleae 60–70, spatulate, apex acute, and 60–100 flowers per head. The new species is endemic to the rocky fields vegetation from Esbarrancado mountain in the Mucuge and Palmeira municipalities, in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil.