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- Cross-language information retrieval in legal domain, Legal citation, Artificial Intelligence and law, Law and legal languageedit
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Da un’analisi sullo sviluppo delle transazioni commerciali e sui rapporti giuridici in genere, emerge chiaramente il forte interesse degli operatori del settore per l’abbattimento dei costi e la riduzione dei ritardi che caratterizzano il... more
Da un’analisi sullo sviluppo delle transazioni commerciali e sui rapporti giuridici in genere, emerge chiaramente il forte interesse degli operatori del settore per l’abbattimento dei costi e la riduzione dei ritardi che caratterizzano il processo ordinario. Queste esigenze costituiscono il fondamento delle tecniche delle Alternative Dispute Resolution (da ora in poi denominate A.D.R.) intese come sistemi di composizione delle controversie caratterizzati da una regolamentazione informale del conflitto che si contrappone a quella giurisdizionale1. La fiducia nei nuovi mezzi di composizione della disputa e dovuta alla loro capacita di prevenire l’aggravarsi del conflitto preservando la qualita delle relazioni future. Robert Coulson, presidente della American Arbitration Association A.A.A., ha confermato il valore di tali tecniche affermando nel lontano 1993 che: “i giuristi hanno poche opportunita di scelta se per risolvere le questioni dei loro clienti sono costretti a rivolgersi all...
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This document contains the description of the thesaurus interoperability assessment, as regards the tools used to implement the interoperability test as well as the results of the execution of such tests on a meaningful subset of the... more
This document contains the description of the thesaurus interoperability assessment, as regards the tools used to implement the interoperability test as well as the results of the execution of such tests on a meaningful subset of the thesauri of interest.
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In peer review, reviewers often have formal and informal occasions to interact with other reviewers of the same grant proposal or submission. The former happens, for example, when grant proposals are evaluated by sitting review panels who... more
In peer review, reviewers often have formal and informal occasions to interact with other reviewers of the same grant proposal or submission. The former happens, for example, when grant proposals are evaluated by sitting review panels who are tasked with collectively deciding the fate of a particular proposal. Despite the scholarly consensus that interactions (and thus social influence) can alter the outcome of collective decision making, to date social influence has rarely been a theoretical ingredient in simulation models of peer review. In our contribution we use a simple agent-based model of peer review to show that social influence processes can indeed change the dynamics and outcome of peer review. With our simulation experiment we showcase the incorporation of social influence processes in peer review models as a promising direction for future research.
Quale impatto hanno sul mondo del diritto la sempre maggiore disponibilit\ue0 di enormi quantit\ue0 di dati e gli algoritmi utilizzati per la loro elaborazione? Come regolare l\u2019uso delle tecnologie emergenti nel settore... more
Quale impatto hanno sul mondo del diritto la sempre maggiore disponibilit\ue0 di enormi quantit\ue0 di dati e gli algoritmi utilizzati per la loro elaborazione? Come regolare l\u2019uso delle tecnologie emergenti nel settore dell\u2019intelligenza artificiale per tutelare i diritti dell\u2019individuo? Quale contributo pu\uf2 offrire la riflessione dei giuristi all\u2019elaborazione di strumenti di gestione e analisi dei big data? Queste sono alcune delle questioni affrontate negli scritti raccolti in questo volume, che trae origine dalla XVIII conferenza \uabLaw via the Internet\ubb svoltasi a Firenze. L\u2019intento \ue8 non solo di presentare lo stato attuale del dibattito, ma anche di offrire nuove prospettive di riflessione su temi \u2013 quali big data, machine learning, intelligenza artificiale, data analytics, protezione dei dati personali \u2013 oggi centrali nel dibattito sul rapporto tra diritto e tecnologie
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An effective access to multilingual legal materials is strictly linked to the peculiarities of legal language as a technical language closely related to the diverse legal systems. This paper proposes an approach for a coherent... more
An effective access to multilingual legal materials is strictly linked to the peculiarities of legal language as a technical language closely related to the diverse legal systems. This paper proposes an approach for a coherent cross-language information retrieval system based on semantic document indexing able to contextualize queries for terms disambiguation and translation. 1 Multilingualism in the law domain: an overview Today there is a strong need for worldwide sharing of legal information as internationalization and increasing globalization of market economy and social patterns of life have created a situation where the need for legal information from foreign countries and from different legal systems is greater than ever before. Such requirement is not new, but it is getting increasingly complex to meet under the pressure of the rapid cross-border transactions occurring between people of different legal cultures and languages. It is no doubt that the exchange of information i...
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The chapter presents an original survey carried out in 2015 on legal research monographs evaluation. The target respondents were the Italian legal community. The rate of answers was quite high (taking into account a low level of national... more
The chapter presents an original survey carried out in 2015 on legal research monographs evaluation. The target respondents were the Italian legal community. The rate of answers was quite high (taking into account a low level of national responses to mail or web surveys), reaching 26% of all professors and researchers. The survey examines in detail the criteria of research quality adopted by legal scholars. It also delivers a number of recommendations with respect to peer review, journal classification, and other evaluation practice.
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In 2020, over 100.000 scientific articles were published on CoVid-19. Scholarly production on this topic has shown exponential growth in multiple disciplines, from medicine to social sciences. Legal scholarly production has also undergone... more
In 2020, over 100.000 scientific articles were published on CoVid-19. Scholarly production on this topic has shown exponential growth in multiple disciplines, from medicine to social sciences. Legal scholarly production has also undergone a strong increase in this direction and represents fertile ground for examining and interpreting the myriad of measures that are issued at national and European level to fight the pandemic. The paper intends to focus on Italian legal scholarship production on CoVid-19 and to provide a bibliometric analysis on legal scholarship produced by the Italian law journals indexed by the DoGi-Dottrina Giuridica database. The analysis of this bibliographic resource has made it possible to identify the law journals dealing with the topic, the distribution over time and the raised trend legal topics. This paper represents a first step to identify and explore the issues and challenges that this crisis poses today and in the foreseeable future to jurists.
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Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
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Abstract This paper examines the possibilities offered by on line procedures for alternative dispute resolution (ODR). The analysis of exsisting patterns shows that such procedures can improve the whole process on a practical basis but... more
Abstract This paper examines the possibilities offered by on line procedures for alternative dispute resolution (ODR). The analysis of exsisting patterns shows that such procedures can improve the whole process on a practical basis but not in a substantial way. Application of Artificial ...
L’informazione giuridica presenta caratteristiche del tutto peculiari per l’intrinseca esigenza di integrazione fra le sue differenti tipologie: legislazione, giurisprudenza e dottrina. In particolare quest’ultima e considerata punto di... more
L’informazione giuridica presenta caratteristiche del tutto peculiari per l’intrinseca esigenza di integrazione fra le sue differenti tipologie: legislazione, giurisprudenza e dottrina. In particolare quest’ultima e considerata punto di partenza per rendere interoperabile il dato giuridico. In questo contesto la banca dati DoGi-Dottrina Giuridica, prodotta, gestita e distribuita dall’Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell’Informazione Giuridica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITTIG-CNR), rende testimonianza dell’evoluzione della scienza giuridica italiana, costituendo allo stato attuale la piu completa fonte italiana di informazione online sulla letteratura. Il contributo analizza le caratteristiche della banca dati nonche i servizi offerti agli utenti nella prospettiva di condivisione del dato giuridico (legame con ACNP – Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici, con NILDE Network Inter-Library Document Exchange). Sono esaminate inoltre le opportunita dell’open access e la possibilita d...
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The field of law has retained its distinctiveness regarding peer review to this day, and reviews are often conducted without following standardized rules and principles. External and independent evaluation of submissions has recently... more
The field of law has retained its distinctiveness regarding peer review to this day, and reviews are often conducted without following standardized rules and principles. External and independent evaluation of submissions has recently become adopted by European law journals, and peer review procedures are still poorly defined, investigated, and attuned to the legal science publishing landscape. The aim of our study was to gain a better insight into current editorial policies on peer review in law journals by exploring editorial documents (instructions, guidelines, policies) issued by 119 Croatian, Italian, and Spanish law journals. We relied on automatic content analysis of 135 publicly available documents collected from the journal websites to analyze the basic features of the peer review processes, manuscript evaluation criteria, and related ethical issues using WordStat8. Differences in covered topics between the countries were compared using the chi-square test. Our findings reve...
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Legal scholarship has an ambiguous identity, somewhere between the humanities and the social sciences, having features in common with both. It shares many of the characteristics of social sciences since the law is a social phenomenon, but... more
Legal scholarship has an ambiguous identity, somewhere between the humanities and the social sciences, having features in common with both. It shares many of the characteristics of social sciences since the law is a social phenomenon, but when normativity and legal certainty are concerned, legal scholarship is probably closer to humanities (Peruginelli & Faro, 2018). At the same time law is distinct from both. There is an interesting debate on the role of academic legal research in which consideration is given to 'law as a practical discipline', 'law as humanities' and 'law as social sciences' (Siems & Mac Sithigh, 2012). Because of the peculiarities of legal scholarship, it is not easy to assess legal journals according to the standard quantitative metrics applied in social sciences, and qualitative assessment of the published content is more appropriate. Therefore, we compared the peer review process employed by legal journals in three countries, Croatia, I...
1. A glance to cross-language legal information retrieval Internationalization and increasing globalization of market economy and social patterns of life have created a situation where the need for legal information from foreign countries... more
1. A glance to cross-language legal information retrieval Internationalization and increasing globalization of market economy and social patterns of life have created a situation where the need for legal information from foreign countries and from different legal systems is greater than ever before. This requirement is not new, but it is now becoming more and more crucial and hard to meet under the pressure of the rapid and complex cross-border transactions occurring between people of different legal cultures and languages. Nowadays improving knowledge of the law is imperative for the benefit of a wide category of users: legal professionals, businessmen, scholars and laymen, interacting as they are in an environment of increasing cross-border relations where powerful information and communication technologies are available, greatly facilitating access to legal material despite its specificity and complexity. However, language barriers still hinders the exchange of legal information ...
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The contributions presented at the Conference 'Approaching the Multilanguage Complexity of European Law: Methodologies in Comparison' (European University Institute of Florence, 17th November 2006) offer a wide spectrum of... more
The contributions presented at the Conference 'Approaching the Multilanguage Complexity of European Law: Methodologies in Comparison' (European University Institute of Florence, 17th November 2006) offer a wide spectrum of analyses and reflections on the multilanguage complexity of European law, drawn from different disciplines as European law, comparative law, legal theory, jurilinguistics, legal translation, and knowledge engineering. The diverse but complementary methodologies emerging within such disciplines need to be integrated for handling legal knowledge in a way which respects the conceptual and linguistic diversity of the existing legal traditions while guaranteeing the unity of European law. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to multilingual legal knowledge can indeed enable European lawyers and policy-makers to better understand each other and to improve their understanding of legal language.
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Il multilinguismo rappresenta un fenomeno in costante valorizzazione per l’inevitabile esigenza di comunicazione in ogni settore della vita sociale. Allo stesso tempo il crescente interesse a mantenere e far rinascere alcune delle lingue... more
Il multilinguismo rappresenta un fenomeno in costante valorizzazione per l’inevitabile esigenza di comunicazione in ogni settore della vita sociale. Allo stesso tempo il crescente interesse a mantenere e far rinascere alcune delle lingue minori rappresenta un ulteriore stimolo allo sviluppo del multilinguismo. Come afferma John Edwards, uno dei maggiori psico-linguisti canadesi, nella sua opera dal titolo Multlingualism: ”to be multilingual is not the aberration supposed by many (particularly, perhaps, by people in Europe and North America who speak a ”big” language), it is, rather, a normal and unremarkable necessity for the majority in the world today” (Multilingualism). Paragonando il multilinguismo a un ombrello, Edwards esplora una varieta di aspetti fra loro correlati che vanno dalle origini e dalla morte della lingua al funzionamento del ”cervello bilingue”, fino alla questione delle identita individuali e collettive. In questo contesto la politica linguistica e un aspetto di...
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The rule of law is one of the constitutive, foundational values of the European Union. The rule of law and access to justice and, as a consequence, access to law related information, go hand in hand as necessary conditions for a working... more
The rule of law is one of the constitutive, foundational values of the European Union. The rule of law and access to justice and, as a consequence, access to law related information, go hand in hand as necessary conditions for a working democracy.Significant contributions to access to legal information have come from the “Free Access to Law Movement” (FALM), a loose affiliation of 40 members (often called ‘legal information institutes’ or LIIs) from countries across the world. Half of them collaborate in the operation of three portals for the searching of multi-LII databases: AsianLII (28 Asian jurisdictions); CommonLII (50 jurisdictions, members of the Commonwealth); and WorldLII (all databases from collaborating LIIs, over 1,000 databases). AustLII (Australasian Legal Information Institute) coordinates the operation of these three portals and runs them from its servers.‘Free access to law’ is something of an enigmatic concept because it does not only mean ‘access free of charge to...
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The legal system is the backbone of modern society, stating the conditions under which people should behave, what rights they have. In such a context, free access to legal information is part of a process in constant balance between... more
The legal system is the backbone of modern society, stating the conditions under which people should behave, what rights they have. In such a context, free access to legal information is part of a process in constant balance between strengthening the rule of law, on the one hand, and fighting against new attempts to monopolize it, on the other hand. The paper is devoted to a discussion on the issues concerning the role of libraries, research institutions and in general public bodies to support and ensure that vulnerable or at-risk communities have free access to the law, exploring the opportunity to create services not just for accessing the law, but also for its understanding. A particular attention will be given to a specific Web Portal, PAeSI - Public Administration and Migrants: (www.immigrazione.regione.toscana.it), developed by the Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques and implemented in Italy for facilitating access to legal information in the field of immigrat...
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In un mondo globalizzato e ricco di scambi come quello odierno, promuovere la conoscenza di piu lingue e favorire la coesistenza di diverse comunita linguistiche e di estrema importanza. Cio significa riconoscere e sostenere il fenomeno... more
In un mondo globalizzato e ricco di scambi come quello odierno, promuovere la conoscenza di piu lingue e favorire la coesistenza di diverse comunita linguistiche e di estrema importanza. Cio significa riconoscere e sostenere il fenomeno del multilinguismo, in costante valorizzazione per l’inevitabile esigenza di comunicazione in ogni settore della vita sociale. Il concetto di multilinguismo e variamente interpretato e le sue definizioni sembrano ognuna confondersi nel significato dell’altra, legate come sono alla varieta di vedute e alla discordanza e imprecisione nell’uso stesso della terminologia1. Il termine multilinguismo implica di solito il possesso operativo di una molteplicita di lingue, sia a livello di comunita culturale-linguistica di parlanti, sia a livello di individuo, e considera soprattutto l’aspetto relativo alla coesistenza di differenti comunita linguistiche2. Cio comporta una particolare attenzione anche per le lingue minori che rappresentano un impulso aggiuntiv...
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Among SSH, legal studies create difficult challenges for the evaluation process. Legal scholarship is based on systematic analysis of legislation and jurisprudence, using a hermeneutic and logical approach that usually leads to a variety... more
Among SSH, legal studies create difficult challenges for the evaluation process. Legal scholarship is based on systematic analysis of legislation and jurisprudence, using a hermeneutic and logical approach that usually leads to a variety of formulations. Consequently the practices of citation have a different epistemic meaning than in STEM disciplines. Over time differences in interpretation consolidate in schools and research traditions. In light of the international literature on research assessment in Law, the chapter examines the main issues at stake. While bibliometrics are usually rejected, a number of criteria used in peer review are recommended.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the initiatives providing legal information during the COVID-19 emergency, focusing on the fundamental role of digital libraries in creating, managing and sharing services to support and... more
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the initiatives providing legal information during the COVID-19 emergency, focusing on the fundamental role of digital libraries in creating, managing and sharing services to support and ensure access to legal information in times of emergency. Design/methodology/approach To have an overall view of the legal information on COVID-19 available on digital libraries during the outbreak, a desk-research on the Web was conducted looking for both public and private sources of information. The selection of the sources was based on the type of information and services offered, the quality of information structuring, together with the data updating and the target users. Findings The survey provided a huge and heterogeneous amount of legal information resources on COVID-19. The analysis on the source of information selected showed different kinds of approaches adopted by digital libraries in relation to types of information provided, informat...
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Although nowadays most courts publish decisions on the internet, substantial differences exist between European countries regarding such publication. These differences not only pertain to the extent with which judgments are published and... more
Although nowadays most courts publish decisions on the internet, substantial differences exist between European countries regarding such publication. These differences not only pertain to the extent with which judgments are published and anonymised, but also to their metadata, searchability and reusability. This article, written by Marc van Opijnen, Ginevra Peruginelli, Eleni Kefali and Monica Palmirani, contains a synthesis of a comprehensive comparative study on the publication of court decisions within all Member States of the European Union. Specific attention is paid on the legal and policy frameworks governing case law publication, actual practices, data protection issues, Open Data policies as well as the state of play regarding the implementation of the European Case Law Identifier.
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Legal science is quite distinctive compared to other disciplines, also social sciences disciplines (variety of publications, interlink between practice and research, multiple audiences, etc.). In addition, the fact that legal science has... more
Legal science is quite distinctive compared to other disciplines, also social sciences disciplines (variety of publications, interlink between practice and research, multiple audiences, etc.). In addition, the fact that legal science has always shied away from bibliometrics-based evaluation practices make the field a specific case study. The case study presented in this chapter is located precisely in this context and within a heated discussion that sees the law domain and its communities at the centre of the debate. An overview of the practices, policies, and criteria applied in law journal assessment in three countries (Croatia, Italy, and Spain) is provided. The panorama is varied, but it is constantly changing. Most of the qualitative criteria for journal assessment are common to all three countries, but significant differences are in place when it comes to mandating these criteria in practice. According to the survey on law journals across countries, an adequate definition of t...
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SOMMARIO: 1. State of the art of legal electronic resources – 2. Legal research and users’ attitudes in searching for information – 3. Evaluating resources on the web – 3.1. Evaluation criteria of general web resources – 4. Investigation... more
SOMMARIO: 1. State of the art of legal electronic resources – 2. Legal research and users’ attitudes in searching for information – 3. Evaluating resources on the web – 3.1. Evaluation criteria of general web resources – 4. Investigation on the activity of assessing the quality of resources – 4.1. Findings of the investigation – 5. Conclusions – 5.1 Main achievements – 5.2. Final remarks and recommendations
To have access to legal information is a fundamental requirement for a variety of communities: ordinary citizens, scholars and legal professionals. Users of legal information belong to different categories and have various requirements... more
To have access to legal information is a fundamental requirement for a variety of communities: ordinary citizens, scholars and legal professionals. Users of legal information belong to different categories and have various requirements and competencies. They use legal information for various purposes, and differences exist in the way such information is disseminated. To ensure access, commercial publishing is insufficient. In particular in the context of legal information the Internet promises to effect a radical transformation in the existing system of legal material. Legal producers and providers have made a great progress in placing legal materials on the web; these efforts have almost been too successful, as the legal researcher must now deal with an enormous amount of information spread across different servers. This huge amount of available legal information does not correspond to an enlargement of the right to access such sources as contents are not easily searchable. Therefo...