International audienc
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International audienc
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Connection has become an essential component of work. It appears to be an essential resource for efficiency and rapidity, as well as for accessibility and transmission of information. However, it may have harmful effects on individuals,... more
Connection has become an essential component of work. It appears to be an essential resource for efficiency and rapidity, as well as for accessibility and transmission of information. However, it may have harmful effects on individuals, teams or organizations because of its continuous nature. Our study aims to characterize factors that may contribute to a positive or a negative experience related to this connection at work by managers, and ways of having such factors taken into account by the organization. Our long term aim is to help the organization to find solutions to improve the situation. We put together a questionnaire about practices, uses and feelings related to connection and about potential effects on health in a large French company, and we also conducted in-depth interviews. The analyses focus on the individuals’ connection practices and on their feelings about them in specific situations. We also analyzed the existing individual, collective, and institutional strategies used for regulating the connection process. The analyses of the questionnaires indicate the proportion of managers who experience difficulties related to their connections, the nature of the troubles evoked and their impacts on work activities and on life. The interviews allow us to go deeper into contextual elements and their feelings about these practices. The connection experience depends on ICT characteristics, experience of connection, team dynamics and psychological factors. Our analyses have shown, among others things, the role of working together as a team and how the team could regulate connection overload where neither the individuals nor the institution can succeed.
Research Interests: Psychology and Feeling
Les cadres vivent une relation aux outils numeriques faite d’ambiguites. Ces outils–typiquement les mails - sont indispensables : supports de communication ascendante et descendante, amplificateurs de la puissance de communication et de... more
Les cadres vivent une relation aux outils numeriques faite d’ambiguites. Ces outils–typiquement les mails - sont indispensables : supports de communication ascendante et descendante, amplificateurs de la puissance de communication et de decision. Cependant, rapports et enquetes montrent qu’ils sont sources de souffrance, du fait : – de leur empietement sur la sphere privee ; – du phenomene de FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) – la peur de rater une information ; – de la surcharge informationnelle des responsables associee au sentiment d’impossibilite de se deconnecter. La societe Orange et l’INRS collaborent depuis 2017 sur les problematiques de forte connexion. Au nombre des actions developpees, l’utilisation du theâtre-forum pour : – cibler des problemes significatifs pour un collectif ; – construire collectivement une analyse et des voies de solutions face a ce probleme parfois vu comme insoluble. La communication sera ciblee sur la presentation de la methodologie mise en œuvre pour ce second objectif, avec un focus sur le role de l’animateur, appele « joker » (terme choisi par Boal, pere du theâtre-forum). Trois categories de personnes sont impliquees, les acteurs/interpellateurs (ici des salaries d’Orange ayant choisi et construit une scene presentant ce qui fait probleme) ; le public qui inclut des personnes en position de valider des solutions ; le Joker, qui pilote le dispositif. La sequence de theâtre-forum se synthetise de la facon suivante : – le joker prepare le public par un dispositif de mise en mouvement et de mise en relation du type « brise-glace » ; – il presente ensuite les acteurs qui jouent la scene preparee en amont ; – apres la scene, il conduit les echanges avec le public, sans apporter de point de vue sur la lecture de la realite qui s’opere collectivement, dans une attitude de curiosite bienveillante, le cas echeant en suggerant a des membres du public de venir experimenter avec les acteurs des variantes de la scene (solutions). Dans le cadre de la communication, nous presenterons un cas d’animation de seance de theâtre-forum. On pourra voir comment, en s’appuyant sur un dispositif eprouve, le joker facilite les echanges du public et rend possible l’elaboration collective d’une representation complexe et riche du probleme et de l’espace des solutions. On verra aussi comment la dimension « agie » du dispositif (en particulier avec la logique des remplacements) et non pre-mentalisee par les acteurs et l’intervenant contribue a la fois a une appropriation en profondeur de ce qui constitue la realite et a l’elaboration d’une representation « orientee transformation » de cette realite. L’inscription de cette modalite d’intervention dans la lecture des sciences de la complexite sera explicitee.
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ABSTRACT Motivation -- The objective of the study was to specify how drivers deal with the autonomy of their car, be it traditional or electric, how they plan the recharge and how they check it while driving. Research approach -- For the... more
ABSTRACT Motivation -- The objective of the study was to specify how drivers deal with the autonomy of their car, be it traditional or electric, how they plan the recharge and how they check it while driving. Research approach -- For the first part of the study on traditional cars use, we conducted 14 in-depth interviews and 344 questionnaires were filled. For the second part of the study on electric cars use, we lend an electric car to 9 subjects during two weeks; they filled a diary and videotaped the interesting events during the driving activity. Then they had 3 self-confrontation interviews to document their lived experience, based on the video and on the diaries. Findings/Design -- People may have various emotional relations to the risk of breakdown, and it influences their activity and how they deal with the risky situations, especially in terms of anticipative conduct, reflexive instruments interpretation and avoidance. Research limitations -- Qualitative study of VE use with 9 subjects Originality/Value -- The research highlights the link between cognitive and affective aspects of situated activities. Take away message -- the management of a risk depends on the affective relation to this risk, on the degree of uncertainty and on the instruments available to cope with it.
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International audienc
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International audienceResearch on user experience is rather recent and mainly oriented towards practical goals of evaluation and design. Taking seriously the question of the theoretical foundations of the concept of user experience... more
International audienceResearch on user experience is rather recent and mainly oriented towards practical goals of evaluation and design. Taking seriously the question of the theoretical foundations of the concept of user experience requires to root UX in an identified tradition of works that have taken experience as a critical theoretical and empirical object. We propose a theoretical and methodological framework based on psycho-phenomenology and on re-situating interview methods (explicitation and self-confrontation interviews) in order to extend our understanding of users’ lived experience of technology
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Resume1 L’activite renvoie generalement a ce qui est mis en œuvre par des personnes pour accomplir leurs tâches dans des contextes de travail ou dans le cadre d’usages d’objets techniques du quotidien. Depuis quelques annees, on note un... more
Resume1 L’activite renvoie generalement a ce qui est mis en œuvre par des personnes pour accomplir leurs tâches dans des contextes de travail ou dans le cadre d’usages d’objets techniques du quotidien. Depuis quelques annees, on note un interet croissant pour la notion d’experience subjective, particulierement dans le domaine de l’interaction Homme-Machine. En ergonomie et en psychologie de l’activite, cet interet a produit des approches theoriques et methodologiques variees de l’experience subjective. La relation entre l’experience subjective et l’activite a cependant ete peu etudiee a ce jour. Les liens entre ces concepts sont plus ou moins clairs, et la notion d’experience subjective est souvent mal comprise. Une des contributions de cet article est de clarifier les liens entre l’experience vecue, caracterisee selon une approche phenomenologique, et l’activite. Dans cette perspective, l’experience vecue d’une activite est definie comme le flux d’actions, emotions, pensees et sensations perceptives qui emergent dans le cours de l’activite et dont le sujet est, ou peut etre rendu reflexivement conscient. A partir de cette definition, sont examinees les methodes qui nous paraissent les plus pertinentes pour documenter l’experience vecue (autoconfrontation et entretien d’explicitation) et l’on montre comment l’analyse detaillee de celle-ci nous renseigne de facon significative pour la comprehension de l’activite.
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Cet article interroge les difficultes engendrees lors de l’acces des proches au cahier de liaison au cours de la prise en charge a domicile des personnes âgees dependantes. Ce questionnement s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de... more
Cet article interroge les difficultes engendrees lors de l’acces des proches au cahier de liaison au cours de la prise en charge a domicile des personnes âgees dependantes. Ce questionnement s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de dematerialisation du cahier de liaison. Apres avoir specifie la distinction entre support informationnel et dispositif institutionnel dans la litterature en sciences cognitives et en sociologie, nous apprehendons le cahier de liaison comme un dispositif institutionnel ouvert, mettant en presence deux positions d’enonciation differentes lorsque les auxiliaires de vie font usage du cahier de liaison avec les proches. Sur la base d’une analyse des contenus informationnels au domicile et d’entretiens aupres des intervenants professionnels et des proches, nous mettons en evidence, par l’approfondissement de deux cas, les limites du cahier de liaison comme dispositif de communication institutionnel avec les proches.
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This article addresses the problems encountered when relatives have access to the communication log in the home care of dependent elderly people. This issue takes place in the context of a project of digitization of the communication log.... more
This article addresses the problems encountered when relatives have access to the communication log in the home care of dependent elderly people. This issue takes place in the context of a project of digitization of the communication log. After making a distinction between informational support and institutional devices in the literature in cognitive sciences and sociology, the communication log is considered as an open institutional device allowing two different positions of enunciation when care staff use it for interacting with relatives. On the basis of a content analysis of informational exchanges at home and of interviews with care staff and relatives, we show, through a qualitative analysis of two cases, the limitations of the communication log as an institutional device for communication with relatives.
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How to reduce energy consumption has been increasingly investigated during the past decades. Smart-Home is an opportunity to design solutions helping people to reduce their consumption. Eco-feedback is one solution among others that... more
How to reduce energy consumption has been increasingly investigated during the past decades. Smart-Home is an opportunity to design solutions helping people to reduce their consumption. Eco-feedback is one solution among others that allows householders to experience new energy management in their home. From the literature, we acknowledge that appropriation of eco-feedback increases energy literacy and behavior changes. However, it is difficult to maintain them in the long-term. In our study, we focus on householders' needs and viewpoints to design solutions. By focusing on real activity and lived experience, Ergonomics can reveal the evolving dynamics of the relationship between the actors and the sociotechnical environment. We designed a longitudinal qualitative study with regular interviews focused on the subjective experience of the domestic activities with eco-feedback technologies.
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International audienc
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In order to assess the use of new technologies, not only cognitive processes should be taken into account but emotional processes too. This article describes the advantage of studying the subjective dimension of users’ emotions using an... more
In order to assess the use of new technologies, not only cognitive processes should be taken into account but emotional processes too. This article describes the advantage of studying the subjective dimension of users’ emotions using an experiential method based on the users describing their experience. A case study portrays the effective use of an audio and video communication instrument for remote mobile interaction. The data obtained from in-depth interviewing (clarification and self-confrontation) and video recording of the activity are analysed in terms of the users’ emotional movements during three interaction sequences. An analysis of these data emphasises the uncomfortable dissymmetry generated by the tool in terms of controlling visual exploration, the difficulty following the unexpected movements of the other person and the off-setting of concurrent emotional states. The paper explores the contribution of experiential methodology in order to study the emergence of affects and their functional role during activity, in relation to the action and the decision.
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International audienc
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International audienc
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Cet article interroge les difficultes engendrees lors de l’acces des proches au cahier de liaison au cours de la prise en charge a domicile des personnes âgees dependantes. Ce questionnement s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de... more
Cet article interroge les difficultes engendrees lors de l’acces des proches au cahier de liaison au cours de la prise en charge a domicile des personnes âgees dependantes. Ce questionnement s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de dematerialisation du cahier de liaison. Apres avoir specifie la distinction entre support informationnel et dispositif institutionnel dans la litterature en sciences cognitives et en sociologie, nous apprehendons le cahier de liaison comme un dispositif institutionnel ouvert, mettant en presence deux positions d’enonciation differentes lorsque les auxiliaires de vie font usage du cahier de liaison avec les proches. Sur la base d’une analyse des contenus informationnels au domicile et d’entretiens aupres des intervenants professionnels et des proches, nous mettons en evidence, par l’approfondissement de deux cas, les limites du cahier de liaison comme dispositif de communication institutionnel avec les proches.
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International audienc
This methodological study concerns the triangulation of two different methodologies, the fine-grained articulation of (1) video data analysis and of (2) self-confrontation interviews analysis. Our objective is to deeply understand what is... more
This methodological study concerns the triangulation of two different methodologies, the fine-grained articulation of (1) video data analysis and of (2) self-confrontation interviews analysis. Our objective is to deeply understand what is going on during an activity, to grasp the meaning of the flow of the activity. The two theoretical and methodological approaches combined are on the one hand the Ergonomic Psychology inspired by phenomenology, and on the other hand the Conversation Analysis. We triangulate an intrinsic point of view, the one of the participant describing his/her lived experience, and an extrinsic point of view, the one of the researcher interpreting from the observable actions and discourses. The investigated domain is the interactional activity of users of a carpooling service during rides. More and more services of sharing are proposed, where people need to interact with unknown persons and to build trust for overcoming the potential risks they may perceive. The ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Normative
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Since a decade in ergonomics, comfort has been increasingly investigated with a focus on its psychological dimensions, based on the idea that comfort is an enjoyable, pleasant and relaxed psychological state felt by a person who is... more
Since a decade in ergonomics, comfort has been increasingly investigated with a focus on its psychological dimensions, based on the idea that comfort is an enjoyable, pleasant and relaxed psychological state felt by a person who is interacting with its surroundings. In contrast, discomfort is a tense and unpleasant state linked to negative emotions and sensations. We examine the various factors related to psychological comfort and discomfort experienced by users in different transport modes situations. From the literature we identified the following sources of comfort/discomfort: social relationship, safe/unsafe feeling, variable time control, attentional charge and possible multiactivity, need for control and social image. Our research question is twofold. On one hand, we want to specify situations of comfort/discomfort experienced by users. On the other hand, we aim at developing projective techniques to help users in anticipating the comfort/discomfort experience as well as their adhesion and reticence to change towards innovative ecological-friendly modes.
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Research Interests: Sociology and Psychology
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We outline in this paper the way we consider the process of reflection based on reflective tools: long or short processes, triggered by interpretation and emotions, and not separated from action. This perspective is linked to a specific... more
We outline in this paper the way we consider the process of reflection based on reflective tools: long or short processes, triggered by interpretation and emotions, and not separated from action. This perspective is linked to a specific methodology investigating the lived experience of the users and their biography. Some examples from energy regulation situations are developed.
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We argue that in most cooperative interaction, as Goffman suggested it, the participants tend to manage their own feelings but also the feelings of the other participants, in order to preserve the relations among the group. From three... more
We argue that in most cooperative interaction, as Goffman suggested it, the participants tend to manage their own feelings but also the feelings of the other participants, in order to preserve the relations among the group. From three cases of cooperative interactions, in situations of professional meeting, of collaborative choice, and of interactions between drivers, we see (1) how the appraisal of the situation, from which emerge the affects, depends on highly subjective determinants (2) how the affects have a complex organization and evolution which is hidden from the social scene (3) how the affects and their management orient the reactions in cooperative settings. The type of "re- situating" interviews that we conduct allows us to get a detailed analysis of these processes.
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Introduction Experience as lived is a persistent, endlessly modulating phenomenon; experience as conceived by the CHI community is an incremental, valenced tool for supporting judgements about technology design. Experience as welcomed... more
Introduction Experience as lived is a persistent, endlessly modulating phenomenon; experience as conceived by the CHI community is an incremental, valenced tool for supporting judgements about technology design. Experience as welcomed into the CHI researcher’s stable is not a stream of consciousness revealing undigested sensory stimuli. It is a carefully packaged entity, extracted in such a way as to emphasise the act of using, to prioritise affect and aesthetics (see, for instance, Lavie and Tractinsky 2004) and to collect serviceable feelings. In fact, one tendency in ‘user experience’ research is to produce measurements and metrics (eg Law et al 2008) which seek to make experience calculable so that it can be absorbed neatly into the design process. It is often approached with a questionnaire that requires summative reflective statements: Was it a good experience? Did the interface create pleasure? (Equally often, there is a conspicuous subtext: Will the consumer buy something fr...
The use of emerging mobility systems in the city is a critical issue, and we propose in this paper a methodological framework, which is lived experience-centered, to study it. The methodology is illustrated with two studies: the first is... more
The use of emerging mobility systems in the city is a critical issue, and we propose in this paper a methodological framework, which is lived experience-centered, to study it. The methodology is illustrated with two studies: the first is about the way drivers deal with the limited autonomy of electric cars, and the second is about the use of dynamic car-pooling. We propose three steps: (1) studying a situation of reference, with interviews focused on the lived experience of specific situations of use, (2) studying the lived experience of a limited population in the emerging situation, with video recording and interviews based on the video and on diaries (3) generalizing some of the processes observed with quantitative data. We then discuss the pros and cons of this methodological approach, and we explain the resources it provides for designing technologies and services adapted to the users’ activities and feelings in natural
Preserving older pedestrians’ navigation skills in urban environments is a challenge for maintaining their quality of life. However, the maps that are usually used by older pedestrians might be unsuitable to their specificities and the... more
Preserving older pedestrians’ navigation skills in urban environments is a challenge for maintaining their quality of life. However, the maps that are usually used by older pedestrians might be unsuitable to their specificities and the existing digital aids do not consider older people’s perceptual and cognitive declines or user experience. This study presents a rich description of the navigation experience of older pedestrians either with a visual (augmented reality glasses), auditory (bone conduction headphones), or a visual and haptic (smartwatch) wearable device adapted to age-related declines. These wearable devices are compared to the navigation aid older people usually use when navigating the city (their own digital or paper map). The study, with 18 participants, measured the navigation performance and captured detailed descriptions of the users’ experience using interviews. We highlight three main phenomena which impact the quality of the user experience with the four aids: ...