Chou-Yi Hsu
Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Department of Pharmacy, Department Member
- I am Chou-Yi Hsu, an assistant professor at Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, with research interests in c... moreI am Chou-Yi Hsu, an assistant professor at Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, with research interests in criminal law, artificial intelligence, drug prediction, diabetic wounds, biomedical materials, and toxicology. Passionate about interdisciplinary research, my teaching philosophy emphasizes interaction and practice. I aim to inspire students' academic interests, cultivate independent thinking, and develop innovation abilities. In my future teaching career, I will continue striving to create a more enriching academic environment, unlocking students' limitless potential.edit
- Yo-Chia Chenedit
The cross flow operation mode membrane contactor can improve heat and mass transfer performance of the shell compartment due to periodic interruptions of the fibre bundle to the air stream compared with the parallel flow hollow fibre... more
The cross flow operation mode membrane contactor can improve heat and mass transfer performance of the shell compartment due to periodic interruptions of the fibre bundle to the air stream compared with the parallel flow hollow fibre membrane contactor. The objective of this research study is the development of a theoretical model to assess humidity and temperature distribution in the cross flow operation mode of the membrane contactor for water desalination applications. The modelling output agreed with experimental data in terms of moisture transfer flux at different inlet-temperatures of seawater. The results revealed that the moisture flux increased from 0.7 to 6.5 kg/(m2.h) with an increase in temperature from 313 K to 353 K. It was observed that the outlet air temperature is 353.15 K, 345.38 K, and 338.15 K at y = 0, y = 60 mm, and y = 120 mm. Furthermore, there was a rise in humidity and temperature in the x-direction, while there was a decrease in both parameters in the y-direction in the tube and shell sides of the contactor. Significant changes were seen in the humidity and temperature in the regions close to the entrance of air and seawater.
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Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and ranks first in cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the resistance development to conventional cancer therapy strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and... more
Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and ranks first in cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the resistance development to conventional cancer therapy strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, various natural products and their extracts have been revealed as alternatives. Berberine (BBR), which is present in the stem, root, and bark of various trees, could exert anticancer activities by regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune responses via modulating several signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Due to its poor water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics/bioavailability profile, and extensive p-glycoprotein-dependent efflux, BBR application in (pre) clinical studies is restricted. To overcome these limitations, BBR can be encapsulated in nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems, as monotherapy or combinational therapy, and improve BBR therapeutic efficacy. Nanoformulations also facilitate the selective delivery of BBR into lung cancer cells. In addition to the anticancer activities of BBR, especially in lung cancer, here we reviewed the BBR nanoformulations, including polymeric NPs, metal-based NPs, carbon nanostructures, and others, in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a well-known regulator of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, has recently garnered attention for its emerging involvement in cancer biology. The multifunctional... more
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a well-known regulator of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, has recently garnered attention for its emerging involvement in cancer biology. The multifunctional nature of PCSK9 extends beyond lipid regulation and encompasses a wide range of cellular processes that can influence cancer progression. Studies have revealed that PCSK9 can modulate signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin, thereby influencing cellular proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the interplay between PCSK9 and cholesterol homeostasis may impact membrane dynamics and cellular migration, further influencing tumor aggressiveness. The central role of the immune system in monitoring and controlling cancer is increasingly recognized. Recent research has demonstrated the ability of PCSK9 to modulate immune responses through interactions with immune cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. This includes effects on dendritic cell maturation, T cell activation, and cytokine production, suggesting a role in shaping antitumor immune responses. Moreover, the potential influence of PCSK9 on immune checkpoints such as PD1/PD-L1 lends an additional layer of complexity to its immunomodulatory functions. The growing interest in cancer immunotherapy has prompted exploration into the potential of targeting PCSK9 for therapeutic benefits. Preclinical studies have demonstrated synergistic effects between PCSK9 inhibitors and established immunotherapies, offering a novel avenue for combination treatments. The strategic manipulation of PCSK9 to enhance tumor immunity and improve therapeutic outcomes presents an exciting area for further investigations. Understanding the mechanisms by which PCSK9 influences cancer biology and immunity holds promise for the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate connections between PCSK9, cancer pathogenesis, tumor immunity, and the potential implications for immunotherapeutic interventions.
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The adsorption of pyrazinamide (PZA) drug by the assistance of FeC 20 , FeC 19 , and FeC 18 iron-decorated metallofullerenes were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations regarding the drug delivery developmental... more
The adsorption of pyrazinamide (PZA) drug by the assistance of FeC 20 , FeC 19 , and FeC 18 iron-decorated metallofullerenes were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations regarding the drug delivery developmental issues. Formations of PZA@FeC 20 , PZA@FeC 19 , and PZA@FeC 18 conjugated systems were analyzed by the structural and electronic features. Meaningful adsorption strengths were found for the models with a priority of PZA@FeC 20 conjugation formation with an exterior iron atom of the metallofullerene. Three configurations were found for each conjugation mainly along with the existence of O…Fe and O…N interactions and a complementary H…C interaction. Hence, the conjugated systems could show a suitable "recovery time" for providing the sensing function along with the changes of "conductance rate" levels. Indeed, the results indicated the formation of observable conjugated systems, in which the conjugations and configurations could be employed regarding a customization towards the drug delivery of PZA antibiotic in a smart mode.
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Setting the electron transport layer (ETL) is an active technique to enhance the PCE for perovskite solar cell and restrain their hysteresis. In this work, we study that GO incorporating TiO 2 can improve the efficiency and decrease... more
Setting the electron transport layer (ETL) is an active technique to enhance the PCE for perovskite solar cell and restrain their hysteresis. In this work, we study that GO incorporating TiO 2 can improve the efficiency and decrease hysteresis. As graphene oxide has an effective structure and lattice parameters comparable to those of the perovskite via calculation emphasized. According to the incorporating GO, the doping perovskite production results in a thick and regular active layer with good crystallinity and low density of trap, which can decrease the interfacial charge accumulation and recombination of carrier. Consequently, the fabricated device ITO/Bl-TiO 2 /3wt.% rGO-TiO 2 /(FAPbI 3) 0.6 (MAPbBr 3) 0.4 /spiro-MeTAD/Ag disposition showed conversion solar energy % η = 20.14 with fill factor (FF) of 1.176, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 24.06 mA/cm 2 and open circuit voltage (Voc) 0.712 V. The results indicated that the efficiency is higher than titanium oxide (18.42%) and other prepared GO-TiO 2 composite nanofibers based ETMs.
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in host immune defense and acute stress responses. Moreover, it modulates various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and... more
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in host immune defense and acute stress responses. Moreover, it modulates various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and differentiation. These effects are facilitated by various signaling pathways, particularly the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). However, excessive IL-6 production and dysregulated signaling are associated with various cancers, promoting tumorigenesis by influencing all cancer hallmarks, such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and notably, metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that selective inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway yields therapeutic benefits across diverse malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, prostate, colorectal, renal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Targeting key components of IL-6 signaling, such as IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, and JAK via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small molecules, is a heavily researched approach in preclinical cancer studies. The purpose of this study is to offer an overview of the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathway in various cancer types. Furthermore, we discussed current preclinical and clinical studies focusing on targeting IL-6 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for various types of cancer.
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The level of free bilirubin is a considerable index for the characterization of jaundice-related diseases. Herein, a biosensor was fabricated via the immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) on graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI)... more
The level of free bilirubin is a considerable index for the characterization of jaundice-related diseases. Herein, a biosensor was fabricated via the immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) on graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI) that were electrochemically co-precipitated on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. The structural enzyme electrode was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, while the spectral and thermal properties were investigated by UV-vis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Owing to the activity of the fabricated BOx/GO@PANI/ITO biosensor, it could detect free bilirubin with good selectivity and sensitivity in a low response time. The electrochemical response was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). At polarization potential 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the fabricated sensor illustrated a response in only 2 s at 30°C and pH 7.5. The LOD and LOQ for the BOx/GO@PANI/ITO biosensor were calculated and found to be 0.15 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively. The electrochemical signal showed a linear response in the concentration range 0.01-250 mM. At 5°C, the biosensor demonstrated a half-time of 120 days, through which it could be utilized 100 times at this temperature conditions. By using a common colorimetric method, the data on bilirubin levels in serum showed a determination coefficient (R 2) of 0.97.
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During the last decades, the ever-increasing incidence of diseases has led to high rates of mortality throughout the world. On the other hand, the inability and deficiencies of conventional approaches (such as chemotherapy) in the... more
During the last decades, the ever-increasing incidence of diseases has led to high rates of mortality throughout the world. On the other hand, the inability and deficiencies of conventional approaches (such as chemotherapy) in the suppression of diseases remain challenging issues. As a result, there is a fundamental requirement to develop novel, biocompatible, bioavailable, and practical nanomaterials to prevent the incidence and mortality of diseases. Chitosan (CS) derivatives and their blends are outstandingly employed as promising drug delivery systems for disease therapy. These biopolymers are indicated more efficient performance against diseases compared with conventional modalities. The CS blends possess improved physicochemical properties, ease of preparation, high affordability, etc. characteristics compared with other biopolymers and even pure CS which result in efficient thermal, mechanical, biochemical, and biomedical features. Also, these blends can be administrated through different routes without a long-term treatment period. Due to the mentioned properties, numerous formulations of CS blends are developed for pharmaceutical sciences to treat diseases. This review article highlights the progressions in the development of CS-based blends as potential drug delivery systems against diseases.
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Numerous recent studies have examined the impact epigenetics—including DNA methylation—has on spermatogenesis and male infertility. Differential methylation of several genes has been linked to compromised spermatogenesis and/or... more
Numerous recent studies have examined the impact epigenetics—including DNA methylation—has on spermatogenesis and male infertility. Differential methylation of several genes has been linked to compromised spermatogenesis and/or reproductive failure. Specifically, male infertility has been frequently associated with DNA methylation abnormalities of MEST and H19 inside imprinted genes and MTHFR within non-imprinted genes. Microbial infections mainly result in male infertility because of the immune response triggered by the bacteria' accumulation of immune cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Thus, bacterially produced epigenetic dysregulations may impact host cell function, supporting host defense or enabling pathogen persistence. So, it is possible to think of pathogenic bacteria as potential epimutagens that can alter the epigenome. It has been demonstrated that dysregulated levels of LncRNA correlate with motility and sperm count in ejaculated spermatozoa from infertile males. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the relationship between decreased reproductive capacity and sperm DNA methylation status should aid in creating new diagnostic instruments for this condition. To fully understand the mechanisms influencing sperm methylation and how they relate to male infertility, more research is required.
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Due the importance of developing successful drug delivery platforms, the current research work done to assess the iron-decorated C 24 fullerene-like nanocages for the adsorption of naproxen (NPX) drug along with density functional theory... more
Due the importance of developing successful drug delivery platforms, the current research work done to assess the iron-decorated C 24 fullerene-like nanocages for the adsorption of naproxen (NPX) drug along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. NPX is among the important non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in which its enhancement has been still under development. Accordingly, the focus of this work was on the customization of a carrier model for the NPX drug by investigating the electronic and structural features of interacting conjugated systems. To do this, three iron-decorated nanocages including FeC 24 , FeC 23 , and FeC 22 models were prepared to assess the adsorption process to yield the NPX@FeC 24 , NPX@FeC 23 , and NPX@FeC 22 conjugated systems. Different levels of electronic molecular orbital levels and adsorption strengths were achieved regarding the interaction of NPX and iron-decorated nanocages, in which the NPX@FeC 22 model was at the highest level of strength and also electronic variations. Accordingly, suitable adsorption and detection of NPX drug were found by the assistance of iron-decorated nanocage models. Especially in the water solvent, the models of conjugations were found still stable by the advantage of iron-decorated conjugated systems. The results of this work could be proposed for further study of NPX drug delivery issues based on the iron-decorated fullerene-like nanocages.
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In this study, a post-synthetic approach was employed to prepare a novel nanomagnetized bis-thiophene amine complex of palladium. During immobilization, the utilization of 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) reagent leads to activation and... more
In this study, a post-synthetic approach was employed to prepare a novel nanomagnetized bis-thiophene amine complex of palladium. During immobilization, the utilization of 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) reagent leads to activation and selectively aminolysis of the carboxylic acid moiety in 3,5-diformyl benzoic acid. Meanwhile, the aldehyde groups remain unaltered, preserving their functionality for subsequent steps, specifically for imine formation. This resultant imine is subsequently reduced to an amine, which coordinates with palladium ions. The synthesized material underwent meticulous multi-technique characterization, utilizing a diverse range of analytical methods. The resulting comprehensive analysis yielded a detailed understanding of the catalyst's structural and chemical properties. The catalyst exhibited a spherical shape with a mean particle size of 17-22 nm, excellent dispersion of catalytic sites on its surface, and demonstrated notable thermostability. [Fe 3 O 4 @Bis (TAMM)-Pd (0) ] complex was introduced to the catalytic CC coupling of aryl halides with butyl acrylate through Heck reaction, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity and stability at mild conditions. The excellent catalytic performance and stability of the [Fe 3 O 4 @Bis(TAMM)-Pd(0)] complex could be attributed to the unique arrangement of secondary amine and thiophene groups in the ligand, which activate the metal center and provided strong bonds. Significantly, the prepared complex displayed excellent magnetic recoverability and maintained its effectiveness even after undergoing eight cycles of reuse.
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To synthesize, develop and provide advanced materials with unique properties, in this study, new bimetal-organic framework nanocomposites using Titanium, chromium, oxidized petin and ampicillin were synthesized. With TGA/DTG, FT-IR, XRD,... more
To synthesize, develop and provide advanced materials with unique properties, in this study, new bimetal-organic framework nanocomposites using Titanium, chromium, oxidized petin and ampicillin were synthesized. With TGA/DTG, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, BET, and EDAX mapping, the structure of the newly synthesized compound was identified, and its structural features were reported. The thermal stability up to 200 • C, particle size of 82 nm and the specific surface area of 27.700 m 2 /g was from the specifications of the final product. Antimicrobial properties of different bacterial and fungal species and anticancer properties on breast cancer cells were evaluated. In biological evaluation, the synthesized nanocomposites have unique activity and was more effective than some commercial drugs. In antimicrobial activities, MIC was observed between 2-64 μg/mL and in anticancer properties IC 50 of 183 μg/mL.
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Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolic pathways, prominently featuring enhanced glycolytic activity to sustain their rapid growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of glycolysis is a well-established hallmark of cancer and contributes to... more
Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolic pathways, prominently featuring enhanced glycolytic activity to sustain their rapid growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of glycolysis is a well-established hallmark of cancer and contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Increased glycolysis supplies the energy necessary for increased proliferation and creates an acidic milieu, which in turn encourages tumor cells' infiltration, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal players in diverse biological processes, including cancer development and metabolic reprogramming. The interplay between circRNAs and glycolysis is explored, illuminating how circRNAs regulate key glycolysis-associated genes and enzymes, thereby influencing tumor metabolic profiles. In this overview, we highlight the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate glycolytic enzymes and modulate glycolysis. In addition, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated circRNAs in cancer glycolysis, including their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. All in all, in this overview, we provide the most recent findings on how circRNAs operate at the molecular level to control glycolysis in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prostate cancer (PCa), colorectal cancer (CRC), cervical cancer (CC), glioma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, and gastric cancer (GC). In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of circRNAs in cancer glycolysis, shedding light on their intricate roles in tumor development and presenting innovative therapeutic avenues.
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In the quest for sustainable energy transformation, the integration of renewable distributed generation (IRDG) within smart grids (SG) presents a promising avenue, yet it is fraught with multifaceted challenges that impede its full... more
In the quest for sustainable energy transformation, the integration of renewable distributed generation (IRDG) within smart grids (SG) presents a promising avenue, yet it is fraught with multifaceted challenges that impede its full potential. The study delves into the intricacies of SG-IRDG, shedding light on the inherent issues that currently stymie its efficacy and widespread adoption. Chief among these is the inherent intermittency and variability of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, which pose significant challenges to grid stability and reliability. This unpredictability necessitates advanced grid management and energy storage solutions to ensure a consistent and reliable energy supply. Additionally, the integration of RDG into existing grid infrastructures demands substantial technological and infrastructural upgrades, alongside the development of sophisticated grid management systems capable of accommodating the decentralized nature of renewable energy sources. The study also highlights the regulatory and policy barriers that further complicate the SG-IRDG landscape, including outdated regulatory frameworks that are ill-suited to the dynamic and distributed nature of renewable energy generation. Financial constraints also emerge as a critical bottleneck, with the high initial investment required for SG-IRDG technologies and infrastructure posing a significant hurdle for both public and private stakeholders. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research underscores the imperative for a holistic approach that encompasses technological innovation, regulatory reform, and financial mechanisms to overcome these challenges.
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By the importance of developing novel drug delivery platforms, the current research work was done to assess the metronidazole (MET) adsorption by an iron-enhanced nanocone (FeCON) along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations... more
By the importance of developing novel drug delivery platforms, the current research work was done to assess the metronidazole (MET) adsorption by an iron-enhanced nanocone (FeCON) along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations regarding the MET@FeCON conjugated complex systems formations. Comparing the results by a pure nanocone (CON) model showed benefits of the iron-enhancement for approaching suitable MET@-FeCON conjugated complex systems. A managing role of iron atom was also observed for the formation of complexes, in which the results were in a comparable mode for the formation of strong interactions inside the complexes. Variations of frontier molecular orbitals and their related features leaded to the evaluation of characteristic features and monitoring significant variations from the singular state to the complex state or even among the complexes. In this case, the models were also distinguishable for being monitored among the conjugations formations. As a result, the models were found suitable regarding the developments of drug delivery platforms in both terms of conjugations formations and electronic features detections.
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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic or amphipathic molecules that are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. The latest findings in the field of dermatology point to the potential significance of AMPs in the... more
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic or amphipathic molecules that are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. The latest findings in the field of dermatology point to the potential significance of AMPs in the battle against skin microbial infections. AMPs additionally function as multifunctional immune effectors, promoting angiogenesis, wound healing, and the production of cytokines and chemokines. In human skin, AMPs such as β-defensin, S100, and cathelicidin are primarily secreted by keratinocytes, neutrophils, sebocytes, or sweat glands. These substances are either produced continuously or expressed in reaction to certain inflammatory stimuli, thus playing a role in the development of various skin diseases in humans. Furthermore, in contrast to other human skin conditions, the level of AMP synthesis decreases as the disease progresses. In this review, we provide data supporting the role of AMPs as natural mediators of dermatological problems, as well as their potential for being used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of skin diseases.
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Introducing and using novel conductive organic-inorganic material systems for the supercapacitor industry is rapidly emerging. In this work, the well-defined MCo 2 O 4 nanospheres (M: Mn, Ni) are successfully grown on the graphitic carbon... more
Introducing and using novel conductive organic-inorganic material systems for the supercapacitor industry is rapidly emerging. In this work, the well-defined MCo 2 O 4 nanospheres (M: Mn, Ni) are successfully grown on the graphitic carbon nitride/polypyrrole (g-C 3 N 4 @PPy) nanoparticles by hydrothermal/polymerization process. XPS, FT-IR, XRD, BET, and SEM techniques were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties as well as the surface characteristics of MCo 2 O 4 nanospheres. The electrochemical behavior of the developed electrode was investigated by electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, owing to the advantageous proportion of aspect ratio and relatively low electrode and electrolyte resistance, the highest specific capacitance value for g-C 3 N 4 @PPy@MnCo 2 O 4 and g-C 3 N 4 @PPy@NiCo 2 O 4 supercapacitors was obtained as 350.00 and 258.26 F g − 1 , with a current density of 0.5 A g − 1 , respectively. Also, capacitance retention of supercapacitors after 5000 GCD cycles was achieved by 92.71 %, and 94.55 % respectively. These results demonstrate that the decorated nanospheres on g-C 3 N 4 @PPy exhibit excellent capacitive properties and stability, indicating their potential for use in the field of energy storage.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with significant adverse effects on human health, particularly concerning fetal development during pregnancy. This study investigates the relationship between... more
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with significant adverse effects on human health, particularly concerning fetal development during pregnancy. This study investigates the relationship between maternal exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and potential alterations in fetal renal function. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 450 mother-pair newborns from June 2019 to August 2021. Exposure to PM-bound PAHs was estimated at the residential address using spatiotemporal models based on data from 30 monitoring stations across the study area. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected post-delivery for biochemical analysis of renal function markers, including creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between exposure to each PAHs compound and fetal renal function. Moreover, the mixture effects of exposure to PAHs on fetal renal function were assessed using quantile g-computation analysis. Increased concentrations of various PAH compounds at the residential address correlated with raised levels of umbilical BUN and Cr, suggesting potential renal impairment. Notably, exposure to certain PAHs compounds demonstrated statistically negative significant associations with eGFR levels. An increment of one quartile in exposure to PAHs mixture was correlated with a rise of 1.08 mg/dL (95% CI 0.04, 2.11, p = 0.04) and 0.02 mg/dL (95% CI − 0.00, 0.05, p = 0.05) increase in BUN and Cr, respectively. Moreover, a onequartile increase in PAHs mixture exposure was associated with − 1.09 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (95% CI − 2.03, − 0.14, p = 0.02) decrease in eGFR. These findings highlight the potential impact of PAH exposure on fetal renal function and underscore the importance of considering environmental exposures in assessing neonatal renal health outcomes.
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The gas sensing and removal prospective was investigated in the current work to analyze a beryllium oxide (BeO) fullerene for the adsorptions of ammonia (NH3), phosphine (PH3), and arsine (AsH3) toxic gases along with applications density... more
The gas sensing and removal prospective was investigated in the current work to analyze a beryllium oxide (BeO) fullerene for the adsorptions of ammonia (NH3), phosphine (PH3), and arsine (AsH3) toxic gases along with applications density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimization of models yielded the formations of interacting BeO-NH3, BeO-PH3, and BeO-AsH3 complexes with the adsorption strengths of −25.96, −8.75, −29.09 kcal/mol, respectively. The models were analyzed further based on the nature of interactions, in which the beryllium atom showed a significant role of the existence of interactions through the formation of direct Be…N, Be…P, and Be…As interactions. Analyses of structural features indicated a priority of formation for the BeO-AsH3 complex in comparison with the BeO-NH3 and BeO-PH3 complexes. The evaluated electronic features based on the frontier molecular orbitals and transferred charges also indicated a differential diagnosis of models along with a meaningful sensing activity of BeO for the gas substances. As a consequence, the successful formation of BeO-NH3, BeO-PH3, and BeO-AsH3 complexes and their featured properties were found useful for approaching the sensing and removal prospective applications.
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In the modern era, there is a growing trend in drinking coffee, and this trend is attributed to the perceived beneficial effects of coffee on human health. Despite several health benefits of coffee, the presence of various contaminations... more
In the modern era, there is a growing trend in drinking coffee, and this trend is attributed to the perceived beneficial effects of coffee on human health. Despite several health benefits of coffee, the presence of various contaminations can potentially make it harmful. Employing rapid and precise analytical methods is crucial to guarantee the safety of coffee and to detect any detrimental contaminations that might pose a risk to human health. Although substantial advancements in analytical methodologies led to the development of many sensing platforms in the analysis of coffee safety, some limitations can restrict their application. Interestingly, recent progress in biosensor technology presents a high potential detection approach for addressing limitations of conventional methods. Especially, the progress of nanotechnology introduces several nanomaterials with specific properties that can be used in the structure of biosensors. This review aims to explore the latest development of biosensors in the analysis of coffee safety based on detection of chemical pollutants including mycotoxins, heavy metals, and processing chemicals. In addition, the importance of different nanomaterials and biological elements is discussed for introducing high performance biosensing. The commercial feasibility of developed biosensors is investigated for quantification of contamination in coffee.
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Hepatic tumors present a formidable challenge in cancer therapeutics, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. In recent years, targeting the immune system has attracted interest to augment existing therapeutic... more
Hepatic tumors present a formidable challenge in cancer therapeutics, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. In recent years, targeting the immune system has attracted interest to augment existing therapeutic efficacy. The immune system in hepatic tumors includes numerous cells with diverse actions. CD8+ T lymphocytes, T helper 1 (Th1) CD4+ T lymphocytes, alternative M1 macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells provide the antitumor immunity. However, Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the key immune inhibitor cells. Tumor stroma can also affect these interactions. Targeting these cells and their secreted molecules is intriguing for eliminating malignant cells. The current review provides a synopsis of the immune system components involved in hepatic tumor expansion and highlights the molecular and cellular pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. It also overviews the diverse range of drugs, natural products, immunotherapy drugs, and nanoparticles that have been investigated to manipulate immune responses and bolster antitumor immunity. The review also addresses the potential advantages and challenges associated with these approaches.
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This review paper explores the emerging field of environmentally sustainable approaches to the synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) incorporating copper nanoparticles for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections.... more
This review paper explores the emerging field of environmentally sustainable approaches to the synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) incorporating copper nanoparticles for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. Focusing on green synthesis methods, the paper critically examines various strategies that emphasize eco-friendly principles, reducing environmental impact and resource utilization. The synthesis procedures and characterization techniques employed in these green MOF formulations are comprehensively analyzed. The review aims to consolidate recent research findings, providing an overview of the effectiveness, challenges, and potential applications of MOF-based Cu nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally conscious methods in addressing Gram-negative bacterial infections. This synthesis-focused review contributes to the evolving paradigm of sustainable antibacterial strategies, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners committed to both therapeutic efficacy and environmental responsibility.
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We studied the impact of dopants Al, Ga and In atoms on the dacarbazine (DAC) drug delivery performance of a BC 3 nanosheet (BCNS) using the density functionals τ-HCTHhyb, M06-2X and B3LYP. It was found that the pristine BCNS is not a... more
We studied the impact of dopants Al, Ga and In atoms on the dacarbazine (DAC) drug delivery performance of a BC 3 nanosheet (BCNS) using the density functionals τ-HCTHhyb, M06-2X and B3LYP. It was found that the pristine BCNS is not a good choice for this drug delivery. Doping of the Al, Ga and In atoms into the BCNS surface raised the energy of adsorption of DAC from −6.7 to −26.4, −27.8 and −32.1 kcal/mol, respectively. According to the analysis of the partial density of states, the dopant atoms considerably contributed to the generation of virtual orbitals of doped BCNS. This showed that the dopants are more suitable for nucleophilic attack than the B atoms. Finally, the adsorption performance and capacity of the DAC are increased by dopants, making the nanosheet more favourable for drug delivery. A drug release mechanism was introduced in cancerous tissues, showing substantial protonation of the DAC in cancerous cells with low pH, leading to the separation of DAC from the sheet surface. The reaction mechanism of DAC with the BCNS changed from covalent bonding in the natural environment to H-bonding in the acidic environment of the cancer tissues.
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Sustainability and lack of resources both outline need for energy storage tactics, materials, and devices. In fact, energy storage is nowadays is the most important, at the same time challenging feature in under development and developing... more
Sustainability and lack of resources both outline need for energy storage tactics, materials, and devices. In fact, energy storage is nowadays is the most important, at the same time challenging feature in under development and developing countries. Renewable energies are focused as minimizing energy consumption, whereas maximizing storage of energies. Geopolitical features of energy storage together with wars in the middle-east and Europe borderline criticize such important topic more and more. Rechargeable batteries have widely been served and developed continuously in electronic devices as a means of storing electrical energy. Therefore, increasing the capacity and life of batteries has become a target for researchers working in this field. Enlargement of application and performance windows of batteries have become possible by the era of nanotechnology, such that new generations of rechargeable batteries enjoy from much higher efficiency and performance with respect to first-generation ones. In this article, after examining the electrochemical preparations, batteries and their types are discussed. Alkaline and lead-acid batteries and their application are also discussed on the basis of nanotechnology.
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Assessing a facile detection platform of kidney failure through the creatinine biomarker adsorption by a zincdoped nanocone (ZnCone) was done in this work along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The singular models and... more
Assessing a facile detection platform of kidney failure through the creatinine biomarker adsorption by a zincdoped nanocone (ZnCone) was done in this work along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The singular models and bimolecular complexes were optimized by assigning the creatinine adsorbate and the ZnCone adsorbent. The Zn-doped atom managed the involving interactions with a reasonable strength of adsorption for the complex formations. Electronic molecular orbital features indicated them suitable for being detectable regarding the variations of electronic specifications. In the case of approaching recovery time and conductance rate, counteracts of complexes were strong enough to be attached to each other and the electronic variations were detectable. Finally, by the formation of strong complexes and the measurement of electronic features, the assessment of ZnCone revealed possibility of a successful platform for approaching the adsorption of creatinine biomarker regarding a facile detection of the kindly failure.
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Nowadays, there is a wide range of deficiencies in treatment of diseases. These limitations are correlated with the inefficient ability of current modalities in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Therefore, there is a... more
Nowadays, there is a wide range of deficiencies in treatment of diseases. These limitations are correlated with the inefficient ability of current modalities in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Therefore, there is a fundamental need for the development of novel approaches to overcome the mentioned restrictions. Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, with remarkable physicochemical and mechanical properties, are FDA-approved biomaterials with potential biomedical aspects, like serum stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, nonimmunogenicity, anti-inflammatory, desirable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, etc. CS-based materials are mentioned as ideal bioactive materials for fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds. Sustained and controlled drug release and in situ gelation are other potential advantages of these scaffolds. This review highlights the latest advances in the fabrication of innovative CS-based nanofibrous scaffolds as potential bioactive materials in regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems, with an outlook on their future applications.
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Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential. APMIS. 2024. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder... more
Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential. APMIS. 2024. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and RA pathogenesis, underscoring the role of microbiota-derived metabolites as pivotal contributors to disease development and progression. The human gut microbiota, comprising a vast array of microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of this microbial community has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including RA. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can either exacerbate or ameliorate inflammation in RA. Mechanistically, these metabolites influence immune cell differentiation, cytokine production, and gut barrier integrity, collectively shaping the autoimmune milieu. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the intricate crosstalk between microbiota metabolites and RA pathogenesis and also discusses the potential of specific metabolites to trigger or suppress autoimmunity, shedding light on their molecular interactions with immune cells and signaling pathways. Additionally, this review explores the translational aspects of microbiota metabolites as diagnostic and prognostic tools in RA. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of translating these findings into clinical practice are critically examined.
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Apoptosis is a programmed cell death comprising two signaling cascades including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This process has been shown to be involved in the therapy response of different cancer types, making it an effective... more
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death comprising two signaling cascades including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This process has been shown to be involved in the therapy response of different cancer types, making it an effective target for treating cancer. Cancer has been considered a challenging issue in global health. Cancer cells possess six biological characteristics during their developmental process known as cancer hallmarks. Hallmarks of cancer include continuous growth signals, unlimited proliferation, resistance to proliferation inhibitors, apoptosis escaping, active angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sesquiterpene lactones are one of the large and diverse groups of planet-derived phytochemicals that can be used as sources for a variety of drugs. Some sesquiterpene lactones possess many biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and analgesic. This review article briefly overviews the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and the interactions between the modulators of both pathways. Also, the present review summarizes the potential effects of sesquiterpene lactones on different modulators of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models. The main purpose of the present review is to give a clear picture of the current knowledge about the pro-apoptotic effects of sesquiterpene lactones on various cancers to provide future direction in cancer therapeutics.
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Nanomaterials are increasingly being studied for their potential to serve as drug delivery systems that can transport anticancer drugs directly to tumor cells, thereby minimizing side effects and enhancing treatment effectiveness. This... more
Nanomaterials are increasingly being studied for their potential to serve as drug delivery systems that can transport anticancer drugs directly to tumor cells, thereby minimizing side effects and enhancing treatment effectiveness. This innovative application of nanotechnology holds significant promise in the field of biomedicine. Within the current piece of research, pure graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (PC 3 NNS) and Si-doped C 3 NNS (C 3 NNS) were selected as a drug delivery system (DDS) for examining the distribution and bioavailability of 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) on cancerous cells through the DFT. After doping the Si atom, the attributes of PC 3 NNS changed, thereby increasing the adhesion process of 6-MP. The adhesion energy of the Si@C 3 NNS was in the range of 5.5 eV, which demonstrated that it was highly stable. The current work demonstrated the poor adhesion of 6-MP on the PC 3 NNS with the adhesion energy of approximately − 1.72 eV and − 2.83 eV in water and gaseous phases respectively. The adhesion energy increased by around 96.21 % after the Si atom was doped on the PC 3 NNS. The non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis and the reduced density gradient (RDG) map analysis were performed to examination the main interactions between nanosheet and drug. It was demonstrated that NCIs played a key role in the adhesion of 6-MP in the complex of 6-MP@Si-C 3 N. Moreover, the NCI analysis demonstrated the significant impact of van der Waals interactions upon the interactions between 6-MP and the nanosheets. The current work can provide insights into the application of C 3 NNSs as promising drug carriers for many drugs in targeted DDSs.
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We developed a facile electroanalytical system for the rapid and sensitive detection of pyrimethanil through the modification of carbon paste electrode surface using the as-fabricated europium doped feather-type CuO nanoflowers (FT-Eu... more
We developed a facile electroanalytical system for the rapid and sensitive detection of pyrimethanil through the modification of carbon paste electrode surface using the as-fabricated europium doped feather-type CuO nanoflowers (FT-Eu 3+-CuO NF sensor). The peak current of pyrimethanil oxidation was elevated by the sensor due to the integration of appreciable electrochemical features of the modifier, which indicates the high ability of the modified electrode to enhance the sensitivity of pyrimethanil detection. The pyrimethanil sensor under the optimized setting had a broad linear dynamic range (0.001-800.0 mM) and a narrow limit of detection (0.18 nM). The practical applicability of the as-fabricated electrode was verified by sensing pyrimethanil in real samples; it also exhibited commendable specificity, stability and reproducibility.
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A sulfur nanoparticles-incorporated iron-doped titanium oxide (Fe/TiO 2) with different ratio was successfully synthesized by photolysis method and utilized as effective photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application with N719... more
A sulfur nanoparticles-incorporated iron-doped titanium oxide (Fe/TiO 2) with different ratio was successfully synthesized by photolysis method and utilized as effective photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application with N719 dye. The photolysis method was contained the irradiation of the Fe, S and Ti mixture solution with 15 W source irradiation, and then calcined the formed precipitate. The DSSCs fabricated with Fe/S-TiO 2 photoanode appeared an improved solar-toelectrical energy conversion efficiency of 6.46, which more than pure TiO 2 (3.43) below full sunlight illumination (1.5 G). The impact of Fe content on the total efficiency was also inspected and the Fe content with 6% S-TiO 2 was found 5 wt%. Due to the improved the efficiency of solar cell conversion of Fe/S-TiO 2 nanocomposite, it should be deemed as a potential photoanode for DSSCs with high performance.
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Electrochemical techniques are commonly used to analyze and screen various environmental pathogens. When used in conjunction with other optical recognition methods, it can extend the sensing range, lower the detection limit, and offer... more
Electrochemical techniques are commonly used to analyze and screen various environmental pathogens. When used in conjunction with other optical recognition methods, it can extend the sensing range, lower the detection limit, and offer mutual validation. Nowadays, electrochemical-optical dual-mode biosensors have ensured the accuracy of test results by integrating two signals into one, indicating their potential use in primary food safety quantitative assays and screening tests. Particularly, visible optical signals from electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode biosensors could meet the demand for real-time screening of microbial pathogens. While electrochemical-optical dual-mode probes have been receiving increasing attention, there is limited emphasis on the design approaches for sensors intended for microbial pathogens. Here, we review the recent progress in the merging of optical and electrochemical techniques, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This study particularly emphasizes the reporting of various sensing performances, including sensing principles, types, cutting-edge design approaches, and applications. Finally, some concerns and upcoming advancements in dual-mode probes are briefly outlined.
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Nanoparticles have revolutioned materials secience and manufacturing industry thanks to their ultrafine scale. Nano-scale titanium oxide (nano-TiO 2) are key elements of a wide variety of sectors of advanced materials, devices, and... more
Nanoparticles have revolutioned materials secience and manufacturing industry thanks to their ultrafine scale. Nano-scale titanium oxide (nano-TiO 2) are key elements of a wide variety of sectors of advanced materials, devices, and systems in view of their versatility and extraordinary characetristics, mainly optical, electrical and catalytic properties. Thnaks to aforementioned features, they found a key position in different industries such as colors and pigments, photocatalysts, photovoltaic solar cells, adsorbents, cosmetics, electric and electronic devices. Nano-SiO 2 application gives rise to a wide range of properties and performance, which severely depends on particle size, particle size distribution, and agglomeration in the bulk of host materials or systems. When they are used as surface coating additive or even functionalized, nano-TiO 2 takes more roles, which are state-of-the-art depending on synthesis method. Therefore, review of synthesis, properties, surface-and bulk-functionalization/ modification (respectively with function groups and doping) methods in achieving high-performance nano-TiO 2 seems essential. In this review, background information and developments from pure Titanium Oxide to chemically modified Titanium Oxide-based materials as photocatalysts were discussed in detail, Photocatalytic activity of Titanium oxide-based materials in nitrogen group pollutant decomposition. It also Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Vehicle for Chemotherapeutics and Other Applications of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Medicine and also an overview of the synthesis methods and factors affecting their properties in different synthesis methods have been reviewed.
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The emission of heavy metals in the environment has caused many problems in the world due to the industrialization of society and the expansion of urbanization. Environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases and water-soluble toxic... more
The emission of heavy metals in the environment has caused many problems in the world due to the industrialization of society and the expansion of urbanization. Environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases and water-soluble toxic pollutants, is a major concern around the world. One of the most important issues in protecting the environment and the health of humans, animals and plants is the health and cleanliness of water. Water is the most important substance vital for all living things on the planet. Water can be treated in several ways, such as desalination, purification, osmosis, disinfection, and deposition of contaminants. Among these methods, the adsorption method has many advantages over other methods. The adsorption method is a surface phenomenon during which contaminants are adsorbed in the adsorbent surface with physical forces and adsorption depends on many factors such as temperature, pH, concentration of contaminants, time of adsorption phase contact with contaminants, particle size of adsorption phase and contaminants and temperature and nature of pollutants and adsorption. Chitosan has received widespread attention as an adsorbent for pollutants because of its low cost and great adsorption potentials. Chitosan has abundant hydroxyl and amino groups that can bind heavy metal ions. However, it has defects such as sensitivity to pH, low thermal stability, and low mechanical strength, which limit the application of chitosan in wastewater treatment. The functional groups of chitosan can be modified to improve its performance via crosslinking and graft modification. The porosity and specific surface area of chitosan in powder form are not ideal, therefore, physical modification has been attempted to generate chitosan nanoparticles and hydrogel. Chitosan has also been integrated with other materials (e.g. graphene, zeolite) resulting in composite materials with improved adsorption performance. This review mainly focuses on reports about the application of chitosan and its derivatives to remove different heavy metals. The preparation strategy, adsorption mechanism, and factors affecting the adsorption performance of adsorbents for each type of heavy metal are discussed in detail. Recent reports on important organic pollutants (dyes and phenol) removal by chitosan and its derivatives are also briefly discussed.
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Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online... more
Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on endothelial function are conflicting. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available trials in this regard. A systematic search was performed in online databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to October 2023. Articles that reported the effect of walnut intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and stimulus-adjusted response measure (SARM) were included. Random effects models for a weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to test for the overall effect. Six eligible trials were analyzed (250 participants). Walnut intake significantly increased FMD (WMD: 0.94%, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.75; p = 0.02). However, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of walnut intake on ICAM-1 (SMD: À0.23, 95% CI: À0.68 to 0.22; p = 0.31), VCAM-1 (SMD: À0.02, 95% CI: À1.38 to 1.34; p = 0.97), and SARM (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: À0.01 to 0.04; p = 0.28). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that walnuts may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving FMD. However, further studies should be performed on adults to determine the effect of walnut intake on endothelial function.
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Lung cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide today and has the highest mortality rate among cancers. Therefore, early diagnosis of this disease is of special importance. Due to the fact that common methods for detecting lung... more
Lung cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide today and has the highest mortality rate among cancers. Therefore, early diagnosis of this disease is of special importance. Due to the fact that common methods for detecting lung cancer are costly and time-consuming, providing cheaper and faster methods has received special attention. With the significant development of nanotechnology in recent years and the development of various nanomaterials, activities have been carried out in this field. Recent studies show that graphene oxide nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, have a high potential in the design of biosensors to detect lung cancer.
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Amphiregulin (AREG) serves as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is involved in vital biological functions, including inflammatory responses, tissue regeneration, and immune system function. Upon interaction with... more
Amphiregulin (AREG) serves as a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is involved in vital biological functions, including inflammatory responses, tissue regeneration, and immune system function. Upon interaction with the EGFR, AREG initiates a series of signaling cascades necessary for several physiological activities, such as metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and cellular proliferation. Recent findings have provided evidence for the substantial role of AREG in maintaining the equilibrium of homeostasis in damaged tissues and preserving epithelial cell structure in the context of viral infections affecting the lungs. The development of resistance to influenza virus infection depends on the presence of type 1 cytokine responses. Following the eradication of the pathogen, the lungs are subsequently colonized by several cell types that are linked with type 2 immune responses. These cells contribute to the process of repairing and resolving the tissue injury and inflammation caused by infections. Following influenza infection, the activation of AREG promotes the regeneration of bronchial epithelial cells, enhancing the tissue's structural integrity and increasing the survival rate of infected mice. In the same manner, mice afflicted with influenza experience rapid mortality due to a subsequent bacterial infection in the pulmonary region when both bacterial and viral infections manifest concurrently inside the same host. The involvement of AREG in bacterial infections has been demonstrated. The gene AREG experiences increased transcriptional activity inside host cells in response to bacterial infections caused by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhea. In addition, AREG has been extensively studied as a mitogenic stimulus in epithelial cell layers. Consequently, it is regarded as a prospective contender that might potentially contribute to the observed epithelial cell reactions in helminth infection. Consistent with this finding, mice that lack the AREG gene exhibit a delay in the eradication of the intestinal parasite Trichuris muris. The observed delay is associated with a reduction in the proliferation rate of colonic epithelial cells compared to the infected animals in the control group. The aforementioned findings indicate that AREG plays a pivotal role in facilitating the activation of defensive mechanisms inside the epithelial cells of the intestinal tissue. The precise cellular sources of AREG in this specific context have not yet been determined. However, it is evident that the increased proliferation of the epithelial cell layer in infected mice is reliant on CD4+ T cells. The significance of this finding lies in its demonstration of the crucial role played by the interaction between immunological and epithelial cells in regulating the AREG-EGFR pathway. Additional research is necessary to delve into the cellular origins and signaling mechanisms that govern the synthesis of AREG and its tissue-protective properties, independent of infection.
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Significant deformation of the metal structure can be achieved without breaking or cracking the metal. There are several methods for deformation of metal plastics. The most important of these methods are angular channel pressing process,... more
Significant deformation of the metal structure can be achieved without breaking or cracking the metal. There are several methods for deformation of metal plastics. The most important of these methods are angular channel pressing process, high-pressure torsion, multidirectional forging process, extrusion-cyclic compression process, cumulative climbing connection process, consecutive concreting and smoothing method, high-pressure pipe torsion. The nanocomposite is a multiphase material which the size of one of its phases is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Due to some unique properties, metal-based nanocomposites are widely used in engineering applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Polymer-based nanocomposites are two-phase systems with polymer-based and reinforcing phases (usually ceramic). These materials have a simpler synthesis process than metal-based nanocomposites and are used in a variety of applications such as the aerospace industry, gas pipelines, and sensors. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is known to be the best method for producing bulk ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials with excellent properties. Different Severe plastic deformation methods were developed that are suitable for sheet and bulk solid materials. During the past decade, efforts have been made to create effective Severe plastic deformation processes suitable for producing cylindrical tubes. In this paper, we review Severe plastic deformation processes intended to nanostructured tubes, and their effects on material properties and severe plastic deformation is briefly introduced and its common methods for bulk materials, sheets, and pipes, as well as metal background nanocomposites, are concisely introduced and their microstructural and mechanical properties are discussed. The paper will focus on introduction of the tube Severe plastic deformation processes, and then comparison of them based on their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of processing and properties.
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The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material... more
The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material (ETMs) functionalized for perovskite solar cell (PVSCs) with GO. The prepared ETMs were utilized for the synthesis of mixed-cation (FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2. The effect of GO on TiO2 and their chemical structure, electronic and morphological characteristic were investigated and discussed. The elaborated device, namely ITO/Bl-TiO2/3 wt% GO-TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2/spiro-MeTAD/Pt, displayed 20.14% disposition and conversion solar energy with fill factor (FF) of 1.176%, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.56 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.912 V. The obtained efficiency is higher than titanium oxide (18.42%) and other prepared GO-TiO2 composite nanofibers based ETMs. The developed materials and device would facilitate elaboration of advanced functional materials and devices for energy storage applications.
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In this Review, Phenolic resins have excellent dimensional, thermal, chemical and corrosion resistance. Also, the volatile substances produced during the thermal degradation of this resin have low toxicity and, in addition, they have high... more
In this Review, Phenolic resins have excellent dimensional, thermal, chemical and corrosion resistance. Also, the volatile substances produced during the thermal degradation of this resin have low toxicity and, in addition, they have high charring. Phenolic resins have been applied in many areas such as internal parts of war planes, structures used in marine platforms, flame retardant plastics and carbon/carbon composites due to having the mentioned favorable properties. In this article, phenolic resin samples of Resole reinforced with carbon fibers and graphene nanoparticles were prepared. In the last decade, the development of new polymer nanocomposites has grown significantly. In contrast to conventional and common composites, nanocomposites have a feature in which a filler that has a size of less than 100 nm in at least one dimension is used. One of the advantages of polymer nanocomposites is that it gives several properties to the primary polymer, despite the fact that it creates less limitations in its processability than other reinforcements. The key to these features is in the design and behavior of polymer nanocomposites, which includes the size and properties of the filler nanoparticle and the interface between the filler nanoparticle and the matrix. Nowadays, in many engineering applications, it is necessary to combine the properties of materials, and it is not possible to use one type of material that satisfies all the desired properties. For example, in the aerospace industry, there is a need for materials that have high strength, lightness, wear resistance and good resistance to ultraviolet light and do not lose their strength at high temperatures. Since it is difficult to find a material that has all the above properties, it is better to look for a method to combine the properties of the materials, this solution is the use of composite materials.
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MiRNAs have emerged as crucial modulators of the expression of their target genes, attracting significant attention due to their engagement in various cellular processes, like cancer onset and development. Amidst the extensive repertoire... more
MiRNAs have emerged as crucial modulators of the expression of their target genes, attracting significant attention due to their engagement in various cellular processes, like cancer onset and development. Amidst the extensive repertoire of miRNAs implicated in cancer, miR-136-5p has emerged as an emerging miRNA with diverse roles. Dysregulation of miR-136-5p has been proved in human cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR-136-5p mainly functions as a tumor suppressor. These data proposed that miR-136-5p is engaged in the regulation of various cellular processes, like cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and apoptosis. In addition, miR-136-5p has demonstrated substantial potential as a prognostic and diagnostic marker in human cancers as well as an effective mediator in cancer chemotherapy. Furthermore, miR-136-5p was shown to be correlated with clinicopathological features of affected patients, proposing that it could be used for cancer staging and patient survival. Therefore, a comprehensive comprehension of the precise molecular basis governing miR-136-5p dysregulation in different cancers is vital for unraveling its therapeutic importance. Here, we have discussed the molecular basis of miR-136-5p as a potential tumor suppressor as well as its importance in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy. Finally, we have discussed the challenge of using miRNAs as a therapeutic target as well as the prospect regarding the importance of miR-136-5p in human cancers.
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One-dimensional nanostructures are generally cited as nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and so on. The foremost prominent feature of these materials is their electrical conductivity, which, unlike classical physics, doesn't increase their... more
One-dimensional nanostructures are generally cited as nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and so on. The foremost prominent feature of these materials is their electrical conductivity, which, unlike classical physics, doesn't increase their resistance because the diameter decreases. Numerous properties of these materials like electrical conductivity, optical, magnetic, biological, and environmental their sensory have created many applications for them altogether industries. nanowires (NWs) propose potential impact on electronics, computing, memory, data storage, communications, manufacturing, health, medicine, national security, and other economic sectors as well. NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio (interface phenomena), low defect density, high optical output, and controllable n-type conductivity, making them more appropriate and sensitive for sensing applications. NWs with their ultra-sensitive and real-time detection capabilities lend their applications in nano biosensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, and electrochemical sensors. NWs have been used in improving the optical absorption as well as for the collection efficacy in photovoltaic devices. NWs having small size, low weight, low cost for mass production, and are also compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In the paper, the authors are focusing to summarize the recent advances in NWs with their potential applications in various fields such as research, health, security, education, entertainment, and power generation.
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In this review, CNT-based adsorbents have been extensively used in the adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants from water and wastewater. The use of nanoadsorbents is an attractive and promising option in the water treatment... more
In this review, CNT-based adsorbents have been extensively used in the adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants from water and wastewater. The use of nanoadsorbents is an attractive and promising option in the water treatment process due to its high specific surface area and unique physical and chemical properties. They demonstrate excellent adsorption properties due to their high specific surface area, exceptional porosities, hollow and layered structures, numerous internal and external adsorption sites, π-conjugative structure, and ease of chemical activation and functionalization. A wide range of mechanical, physical, and chemical approaches have been used for the modification or functionalization of CNTs to enhance their adsorptive properties in general or to make them selective toward certain classes of pollutants. Depending on the adsorption conditions and the functionalization involved, CNT-based adsorbents can interact with inorganic contaminants through different mechanisms such as surface complexation, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, physical adsorption, and precipitation. In the case of organic pollutants, besides physical adsorption, π-π and electrostatic interactions play a major role in adsorption. In some cases, chemical bonding between organics and carbon nanotubes has also been reported as a mechanism of interaction. Properties, functionalization, and mechanisms are involved in CNT-based adsorption of pollutants from aqueous media. An insightful overview of the critical parameters that should be considered while using CNT-based adsorbents for water purification is also provided. In the end, some challenges associated with CNT-based adsorbents are presented, along with the potential solutions.
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Cefiderocol, also known as CFDC, is an antibiotic in the class of cephalosporins. It is from the third generation. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria. 2019 was the year that it was given US FDA approval for use in the... more
Cefiderocol, also known as CFDC, is an antibiotic in the class of cephalosporins. It is from the third generation. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria. 2019 was the year that it was given US FDA approval for use in the treatment of UTIs. In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in the prevalence of MDR due to the increased use of antibiotics. Carbapenem, which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is unable to treat the illness for this reason because bacteria have developed resistance to it. In this scenario, cefiderocol may be used for the therapy of this kind of infection, and it would also be of special assistance for the treatment of GNB in individuals who have few other therapeutic options available to them. For this review, studies published between 2007 and 2023 are the primary focus of the debate. This review's supporting materials were sourced via a combined search of PubMed, PubChem, and Google Scholar, including the terms "Cefiderocol," "Carbapenem," "Gram-negative Bacteria," "Carbapenem Resistance," and "Cefiderocol clinical trials" from 2007 until May 2023. The focus of this paper is the difference in mode of action of these two antibiotics and shows valid issues for carbapenem resistance.
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The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO 2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material... more
The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO 2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material (ETMs) functionalized for perovskite solar cell (PVSCs) with GO. The prepared ETMs were utilized for the synthesis of mixed-cation (FAPbI3)0.8 (MAPbBr3)0.2. The effect of GO on TiO 2 and their chemical structure, electronic and morphological characteristic were investigated and discussed. The elaborated device, namely ITO/Bl-TiO 2 /3 wt% GO-TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2/spiro-MeTAD/Pt, displayed 20.14% disposition and conversion solar energy with fill factor (FF) of 1.176%, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.56 mA/cm 2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.912 V. The obtained efficiency is higher than titanium oxide (18.42%) and other prepared GO-TiO 2 composite nanofibers based ETMs. The developed materials and device would facilitate elaboration of advanced functional materials and devices for energy storage applications. 1. Introduction Recently, perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have attracted huge attention due to the fast-growth of 3.8%-25.2% power conversion
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The utilization of biomass feedstock in the energy system for sustainable production is essential due to its renewable nature and high energy density. However, the primary challenge lies in designing environmentally friendly biomass-use... more
The utilization of biomass feedstock in the energy system for sustainable production is essential due to its renewable nature and high energy density. However, the primary challenge lies in designing environmentally friendly biomass-use structures. This research introduces a novel trigeneration system that integrates power, cooling, and heat production through biomass combustion to address this issue. As another novelty in system development, the proposed system includes a carbon dioxide capture unit, further enhancing the system. The proposed framework consists of several subsystems: an organic Rankine cycle, an absorption chiller, a carbon dioxide capture cycle utilizing monoethanolamine solvent, a liquefied natural gas regasification unit, and a low-pressure steam production boiler. The newly developed system is modeled using the Aspen HYSYS software and is assessed from thermodynamic, economic, and environmental perspectives. Also, a parametric analysis is conducted to examine the impact of key design parameters on the system’s performance. Based on the study’s findings, it can be observed that the energy and exergy efficiencies amount to 58.4 % and 17.09 %, respectively. In addition, the suggested procedure exhibits a total exergy destruction of 53,636 kW. The findings of the environmental impact assessment indicate that the shift from power generation to trigeneration scenario results in a substantial decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, the emission reduction potential ranges from 0.24 to 0.041 kg/kWh. Furthermore, the economic evaluation shows that the system reaches a cost per unit exergy of 0.249 $/kWh. This variable denotes a substantial decrease of 81.42 % compared to the power generation operational mode.
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Context The abilities of CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 as catalysts for N 2-RR to create the NH 3 are investigated by theoretical levels. The ∆E adoption and ∆E formation of CoAl 18 P 18... more
Context The abilities of CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 as catalysts for N 2-RR to create the NH 3 are investigated by theoretical levels. The ∆E adoption and ∆E formation of CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 are investigated. The ∆E adsorption of N 2-RR intermediates and ΔG reaction of reaction steps of N 2-RR on CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 are examined. In acceptable mechanisms, the *NN → *NNH step is potential limiting step and *NN → *NNH step in enzymatic mechanism is endothermic reaction. The ∆G reaction of *NHNH2 → *NH 2 NH 2 step on CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 are-0.904,-0.928,-0.860,-0.882,-0.817 and-0.838 eV, respectively. The CoAl 18 P 18 and Ni-Al 21 N 21 have the highest ∆G reaction values for reaction steps of N 2-RR. Finally, it can be concluded that the CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 and Mn-B 27 P 2 have acceptable potential for N 2-RR by acceptable pathways. Methods The structures of CoAl 18 P 18 , Ni-Al 21 N 21 , Fe-B 24 N 24 , Mn-B 27 P 27 , TiC 60 and Cu-Si 72 and N 2-RR intermediates are optimized by PW91PW91/6-311+G (2d, 2p) and M06-2X/cc-pVQZ as theoretical levels in GAMESS software. The convergence for force set displacement of Co
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Evidence on prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and its effects on newborns and potential biological mechanisms is not well defined yet. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether PCBs are associated with lipid... more
Evidence on prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and its effects on newborns and potential biological mechanisms is not well defined yet. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether PCBs are associated with lipid profile and non-invasive markers of hepatocyte injuries in samples of blood obtained from the umbilical cord. This study included 450 mothers-newborn pairs. Umbilical levels of PCBs were measured using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (GC/MS). Lipid profile including low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), as well as liver enzymes i.e., alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined from umbilical cord blood samples. Quantile g-computation analysis was applied to evaluate the collective influence of PCBs on both lipid profiles and liver enzymes, along with the impact of lipid profiles on liver enzymes. Exposure to the mixture of PCBs was significantly associated with increases in ALP, AST, ALT, and GGT levels in cord blood samples, with increments of 90.38 U/L (95%CI: 65.08, 115.70, p < 0.01), 11.88 U/L (95%CI: 9.03, 14.74, p < 0.01), 2.19 U/L (95%CI:1.43, 2.94, p < 0.01), and 50.67 U/L (95%CI: 36.32, 65.03, p < 0.01), respectively. Additionally, combined PCBs exposure was correlated with significant increases in umbilical TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, with values of 3.97 mg/dL (95%CI: 0.86, 7.09, p = 0.01), 6.30 mg/dL (95%CI: 2.98, 9.61, p < 0.01), and 4.63 mg/dL (95%CI: 2.04, 7.23, p < 0.01) respectively. Exposure to the mixture of lipids was linked to elevated levels of AST and GGT in umbilical cord blood samples. Furthermore, a noteworthy mediating role of TC and LDL-C was observed in the association between total PCBs exposure and umbilical cord blood liver enzyme levels. Overall our findings suggested that higher levels of umbilical cord blood PCBs and lipid profile could affect liver function in newborns.
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In this study, the Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline (TC), crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB) from water samples. The influential parameters in... more
In this study, the Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline (TC), crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB) from water samples. The influential parameters in the removal process were identified and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Characterization of the product was performed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD and SEM analysis revealed the successful synthesis of the Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/Ag nanocomposite. EDX analysis elucidated the accuracy and clarity of the chemical composition of the magnetic nanocomposite structure. Additionally, the separation of the nano-adsorbent from the solution can be achieved using a magnetic field. Maximum removal of analytes was obtained at pH of 6, amount of nanocomposite 0.014 g, ultrasonic time of 8 min and concentration of 21 mg L −1. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies for TC, CV, and MB were 91.33, 95.82, and 98.19%, respectively. Also, it was observed that after each adsorption-desorption cycle, Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite had good stability to remove TC, CV, and MB. Achieving nearly 98% removal efficiency in optimal conditions showed that Fe 3 O 4 /rGO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite is an effective adsorbent for removing TC, CV, and MB from wastewater samples.
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Many research studies have been carried out on various nanostructures regarding their potential applications in drug delivery for treating different cancers. In fact, the serious side effects can be minimized by delivering various... more
Many research studies have been carried out on various nanostructures regarding their potential applications in drug delivery for treating different cancers. In fact, the serious side effects can be minimized by delivering various anticancer drugs to particular tumour cells. Within the present study, the ability of a pure AlN nanotube (PAlN-NT) and X-decorated (X = Au, Pt and Ir) AlN-NT to deliver the anticancer levodopa (LVP) drug is inspected through DFT computations. The results demonstrate that PAlN-NT is not suitable for the drug delivery of LVP. Decoration of the Au, Pt and Ir metals into the AlN-NT, respectively, raised the adhesion energy (E ad) of LVP from-4.3 to-27.2,-28.1 and-29.5 kcal mol-1. E ad for LVP/Ir-decorated AlN-NT structures is approximately-26.8 kcal mol-1 in the aqueous phase. Moreover, there is a substantial amount of charge transfer from LVP to the surface of the X-decorated AlN-NT based on the NBO analysis. Hence, based on the computations undertaken within this work, the X-decorated AlN-NT, especially Ir-decorated AlN-NT, can be utilized as a suitable LVP carrier.
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As a means of reducing pollution and hazardous waste, nanotechnological products, techniques, and applications are expected to have a significant impact on environmental engineering. Because of this, the use of nanomaterials has the... more
As a means of reducing pollution and hazardous waste, nanotechnological products, techniques, and applications are expected to have a significant impact on environmental engineering. Because of this, the use of nanomaterials has the potential to have both immediate and long-term positive effects on the environment and human health. However, nanotechnology is now playing a very small role in environmental protection, whether in research or in real applications. When it comes to environmental engineering, nanotechnology has little practical use. In response to rising costs of raw materials and energy, there has been a rush of goods on the market that claim to provide environmental and climatic advantages. Basic fundamentals of nanotechnology and fundamental environmental engineering are discussed in this chapter in detail.
There is a need for guidance in policymaking concerning the dangers, risks and controls associated with nanoparticle exposure in the workplace. This is because there is a lack of scientific clarity on the potentially negative effects that... more
There is a need for guidance in policymaking concerning the dangers, risks and controls associated with nanoparticle exposure in the workplace. This is because there is a lack of scientific clarity on the potentially negative effects that nanoparticle exposure could have on an individual's health. Everyone from employees and investors to health authorities and employers stands to gain from having a deeper understanding of the ethical issues at hand. When it comes to the goal of occupational safety and health, preventing workers from becoming sick, the most
Rapid advancement in nanotechnology over the past 10 years has given scientists and technologists plenty to consider. One of the amazing results of such innovation is nanofluid, in which metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles are... more
Rapid advancement in nanotechnology over the past 10 years has given scientists and technologists plenty to consider. One of the amazing results of such innovation is nanofluid, in which metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles are suspended colloidally in commonly used base fluids. The peculiar thermal behaviour of nanoscale fluids was only recently discovered by leading researchers, and since then, nanofluids have been the subject of intense investigation all around the world. This is because they have the potential to be an improved thermophysical heat transmission fluid and because they are crucial for uses like oil recovery and medicine delivery. Recent research on nanofluids has revealed that these fluids have superior heat transmission and wetting properties. In addition, water-based nanofluids are more environmentally friendly than mineral oil quench medium. Due to these potential benefits, quench media based on nanofluids have been developed for use in heat treatment procedures. It was unexpected and outside the realm of thencurrent theories that nanofluids with comparable low particle concentrations would have a larger thermal capacity (conductivity). According to the experimental findings, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increases with decreasing particle size.