- Cluj-Napoca, Str. Govora, Nr. 15, cod. 400664
- 0040 0740187244
Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan
The Romanian Academy, The Institute of History ”George Barițiu”, Department Member
- Babes-Bolyai University, Department of Modern History, Graduate StudentBabes-Bolyai University, Orthodox Theology, Graduate Studentadd
- Romanian History, Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe din Transilvania, Istoria Bisericii Evanghelice C.A. săsești din Transilvania, Geschichte Der Bukowina, geschichte der Siebenburger Sachsen, History of Transylvania, and 6 moreHistory of the Orthodox Church, Eighteenth Century History, Habsburg Monarchy in the 18th century, History of Central and Southeastern Europe, Istoria bisericii, and Romanian History, Istoria Romanieiedit
- Born on 22. May 1986 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.edit
- Nicolae Bocșan, Professor at the Faculty of History and Philosophy from Babeș-Bolyai University, Rudolf Gräf, Reverend Ioan-Vasile Leb, Professor at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology from Babeș-Bolyai University, Reverend Mihail Săsăujan, Professor at the Faculty od Orthodox Theology from the University of Bukarestedit
Revoluția transilvană de la 1848-1849 în izvoarele bisericești: rapoartele protopopilor români ortodocși și greco-catolici”, în Arhivele Bistriței, Anul IX, Fascicula 2 (24). „Avram Iancu, erou al națiunii române”, coord. Mircea-Gelu Buta, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2024, p. 109-123more
The study presents the impact of the revolution and the civil war of 1848-1849 on the Romanian villages in Transylvania in the light of the reports of the Romanian ecclesiastical authorities, the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests and... more
The study presents the impact of the revolution and the civil war of 1848-1849 on the Romanian villages in Transylvania in the light of the reports of the Romanian ecclesiastical authorities, the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests and decans.
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Pr.acad. Ioan Lupaș (1880-1967), un cărturar ardelean de trei ori întemnițat pentru «Legea românească», în Marian Zidaru, Andrei Tudor, Stoica Lascu (eds.), Istorie, geopolitică şi spiritualitate românească la Marea Neagră. Lucrările Conferinței Științific, Ed. Etnologică, București, 2024, p.103-130more
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At the end of August 1924, the centennial of Avram Iancu’s birth, the leader of the Romanian revolution in Transylvania from 1848-1849 was celebrated throughout Romania. On August 15/28, 1924, a memorial service was held in all Orthodox... more
At the end of August 1924, the centennial of Avram Iancu’s birth, the leader of the Romanian revolution in Transylvania from 1848-1849 was celebrated throughout Romania. On August 15/28, 1924, a memorial service was held in all Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches, and speeches were given in memory of the hero of the Romanians. In the main church of Sălişte, the largest Romanian village in Mărginimea Sibiului area, the memorial service was officiated by the local clergy, and a sermon
was delivered by Professor Ioan Lupaş, a former parish priest and protopope between 1909-1919, who later became a professor at the University of Dacia Superioara in Cluj
was delivered by Professor Ioan Lupaş, a former parish priest and protopope between 1909-1919, who later became a professor at the University of Dacia Superioara in Cluj
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Research Interests:
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June 28th, 2023 marked the 150th commemoration of the passing into eternity of the great metropolitan and leader of the Romanian nation in Transylvania and Hungary: Andrei, Baron of Șaguna, who led the Orthodox Church in Transylvania from... more
June 28th, 2023 marked the 150th commemoration of the passing into eternity of the great metropolitan and leader of the Romanian nation in Transylvania and Hungary: Andrei, Baron of Șaguna, who led the Orthodox Church in Transylvania from 1846 to 1873 and the Orthodox Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary, as archbishop and metropolitan, from 1865 to 1873. The present study presents his biography, personality, work, and ecclesiastical, political and cultural legacy. His activity has been systematised on several levels: national-political, ecclesiastical, cultural, educational and constructional. The spiritual dynamics of Andrei Șaguna's activity and work are subscribed to the resurrection, renewal and restoration of Transylvanian Orthodoxy, his achievements in the service of the long-term development of the Church being acknowledged by means of his canonisation by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 2011.
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The anniversary of one hundred and fifty years since the passing of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna (28 June 1873) is the right moment to reflect on his portrait in history, his theological legacy, and his positive role in the historical... more
The anniversary of one hundred and fifty years since the passing of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna (28 June 1873) is the right moment to reflect on his portrait in history, his theological legacy, and his positive role in the historical evolution of the Romanians in Transylvania, Banat and Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. The study approaches a topic less discussed in Romanian, German or English historiography and theology, namely: the coats of arms of Andrei Şaguna, by the mercy of God “archbishop and metropolitan of the Orthodox Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary” and by the grace of Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, Baron of the Austrian Empire. Among all Transylvanian Romanian Orthodox hierarchs, Metropolitan Şaguna is the only one who was raised by the Austrian emperor to the noble rank of baron. The title was conferred on him by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1852, being assumed by the hierarch both in his signature and in the official title used in his correspondence with the civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Romanian Principalities, as well as on the title pages of books printed in Sibiu. The royal titles and orders, the baronial coat of arms and the metropolitan emblem illustrate the historical effigies and aristocratic stature of the complex personality of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna and represent the new legal status and public dignity that the Romanian nation and the Transylvanian Orthodox Church acquired during his pastorate.
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The study presents the origins, family, life and pastoral activity of the Romanian Orthodox priest Alexandru Avram (1923-2016) from Maramureș during the difficult period for the faith of the communist regime.
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Greek Catholic military chaplains in the Habsburg armies of the 19th century. Emperor Joseph II's toleration edict of 1781 and the Napoleonic Wars opened access for the "acatholic clergy" to provide religious assistance to Orthodox,... more
Greek Catholic military chaplains in the Habsburg armies of the
19th century.
Emperor Joseph II's toleration edict of 1781 and the Napoleonic Wars
opened access for the "acatholic clergy" to provide religious assistance to Orthodox, Protestant and Greek Catholic soldiers in the Habsburg armies. Initially, the legal status of these chaplains was uncertain, left tacitly to the territorial military commands, and was not regulated until the autumn of 1834 by an imperial decree of the Viennese monarch. The acceptance of Greek Catholic or 'Catholic of Greek Rite' priests, as they appear in the documents of the Apostolic Vicariate of the Army, took place at the same time as the acceptance of Orthodox or 'non-uniate Greeks', until then the pastoral care of all Catholic soldiers, regardless of their rite, had been entrusted to Latin Catholic chaplains. The study will briefly discuss in the first part the legislative evolution concerning the mobilization of the Greek-Catholic priesthood in the k.u.k. armies in times of peace and in times of war, and in the second part it will offer a survey of the number and a restitution of the names of these chaplains between 1834–1868 and 1869–1914.
19th century.
Emperor Joseph II's toleration edict of 1781 and the Napoleonic Wars
opened access for the "acatholic clergy" to provide religious assistance to Orthodox, Protestant and Greek Catholic soldiers in the Habsburg armies. Initially, the legal status of these chaplains was uncertain, left tacitly to the territorial military commands, and was not regulated until the autumn of 1834 by an imperial decree of the Viennese monarch. The acceptance of Greek Catholic or 'Catholic of Greek Rite' priests, as they appear in the documents of the Apostolic Vicariate of the Army, took place at the same time as the acceptance of Orthodox or 'non-uniate Greeks', until then the pastoral care of all Catholic soldiers, regardless of their rite, had been entrusted to Latin Catholic chaplains. The study will briefly discuss in the first part the legislative evolution concerning the mobilization of the Greek-Catholic priesthood in the k.u.k. armies in times of peace and in times of war, and in the second part it will offer a survey of the number and a restitution of the names of these chaplains between 1834–1868 and 1869–1914.
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After the re-establishment of the Orthodox hierarchy in Transylvania by Empress Maria Theresa's decree of tolerance in 1759 and the appointment of Bishop Dionisie Novacovici of Buda and Mohaci as administrator of the Orthodox Christians... more
After the re-establishment of the Orthodox hierarchy in Transylvania by Empress Maria Theresa's decree of tolerance in 1759 and the appointment of Bishop Dionisie Novacovici of Buda and Mohaci as administrator of the Orthodox Christians in Transylvania, but especially with the de jure restoration of the Orthodox Diocese of Transylvania by Emperor Joseph II in 1782-1783 and the appointment of Archimandrite Ghedeon Nichitici as bishop residing in Sibiu, The Orthodox Church in Transylvania was reorganised and its administrative structure was gradually rebuilt through the establishment of parishes, sub-parishes and deaneries at local and regional level, as well as the eparchial consistory in Sibiu at central level.
At the request of the Transylvanian and Viennese civil authorities, the bishops and vicars undertook a number of censuses of the souls, parishes and churches under their care, from which one can see the administrative organisation and demographic dimension of Transylvanian Orthodoxy during the 18th and 19th centuries. The most well-known schematisms
are those dating from 1765-1767, 1805 and 1858, published and analysed by various historians during the 20th century, and thus known in ecclesiastical and lay historiography. The conscriptions of 1843-1844 and 1846-1847, published in Buda, are still little known, as they contain the general structure of the Orthodox Church in the Habsburg Monarchy, based on the organizational structure of each diocese. The first part of this study presents the 1843-1844 schematism, and the second part analyses the organisational and demographic situation of the Orthodox Church in Făgăraș County.
At the request of the Transylvanian and Viennese civil authorities, the bishops and vicars undertook a number of censuses of the souls, parishes and churches under their care, from which one can see the administrative organisation and demographic dimension of Transylvanian Orthodoxy during the 18th and 19th centuries. The most well-known schematisms
are those dating from 1765-1767, 1805 and 1858, published and analysed by various historians during the 20th century, and thus known in ecclesiastical and lay historiography. The conscriptions of 1843-1844 and 1846-1847, published in Buda, are still little known, as they contain the general structure of the Orthodox Church in the Habsburg Monarchy, based on the organizational structure of each diocese. The first part of this study presents the 1843-1844 schematism, and the second part analyses the organisational and demographic situation of the Orthodox Church in Făgăraș County.
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Research Interests:
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Founded in 1875, the Franz Joseph University of Czernowitz was the only university in the Austro-Hungarian Empire that had a Faculty of Orthodox Theology, with German, Romanian and Ukrainian as the teaching languages. The faculty rapidly... more
Founded in 1875, the Franz Joseph University of Czernowitz was the only university in the Austro-Hungarian Empire that had a Faculty of Orthodox Theology, with German, Romanian and Ukrainian as the teaching languages. The faculty rapidly gained a good reputation not only in the Danube Monarchy, but also outside its borders, with numerous students coming here from the Kingdom of Romania and SouthEastern Europe. Between 1875 and 1918, 65 Romanians from Transleithania, the hungarian part of the monarchy, had studied at the Faculty of Theology in Czernowitz, more precisely 32 from Banat, 23 from Transylvania and 10 from Arad-Crișana. 41 of them have obtained the PhD in theology in Czernowitz, nine of them becoming then professors at the Theological-Pedagogical Institute in Arad. The Transylvanians have completed their theological studies in Czernowitz with the help of “Gojdu” scholarships and those offered by the Romanian Orthodox bishoprics from Sibiu, Arad and Caransebeș. The study briefly captures the history of the faculty and insists on the contribution of the professor Josef Ritter von Zhishman, from the University of Vienna, to the creation of the documentation of the Austrian authorities regarding the founding of the Faculty of Theology, to the training of teaching staff, to the preparation of the curriculum, to the endowment of its library. Zhishman supervised the training and professional development of the first generation of professors of the faculty in Czernowitz, whom he tutored and sent to specializations at the Faculties of Catholic and Evangelical Theology in Austria, Germany or France, resolutely rejecting their orientation towards the spiritual Academies of the Russian Empire or the theological schools from Greece and the Ottoman Empire. The study shows that the Austrian professor’s contribution to the foundation, organization and development of the Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Czernowitz was significant.
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The anniversary of one hundred and fifty years since the passage to the eternal of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna (June 28, 1873) is the right moment to reflect on his portrait in history, his theological legacy, his positive role in... more
The anniversary of one hundred and fifty years since the passage to the eternal of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna (June 28, 1873) is the right moment to reflect on his portrait in history, his theological legacy, his positive role in the historical evolution of Romanians in Transylvania,
Banat and Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. The study presents a topic less discussed in Romanian historiography and theology, namely: the coats of arms or the heraldic insignia of Andrei Şaguna, by the mercy of God “archbishop and metropolitan of the Orthodox Romanians of
Transylvania and Hungary” and by the grace of His Apostolic Majesty Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, Baron of the Austrian Empire. Among all Transylvanian Romanian Orthodox hierarchs, Metropolitan Şaguna is the only one who was raised by the Austrian emperor to the noble rank
of baron. The title was conferred on him by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1852, being assumed by the hierarch both in his signature and in the official title used in correspondence with the civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Romanian Principalities, as well as on the title pages of books printed in Sibiu. The royal titles and orders, the baronial coat of arms and the metropolitan emblem illustrate the historical effigies and aristocratic stature of the complex personality of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna and represent the new legal status and public dignity that the Romanian nation and the Transylvanian Orthodox Church acquired during his pastorate.
Banat and Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. The study presents a topic less discussed in Romanian historiography and theology, namely: the coats of arms or the heraldic insignia of Andrei Şaguna, by the mercy of God “archbishop and metropolitan of the Orthodox Romanians of
Transylvania and Hungary” and by the grace of His Apostolic Majesty Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, Baron of the Austrian Empire. Among all Transylvanian Romanian Orthodox hierarchs, Metropolitan Şaguna is the only one who was raised by the Austrian emperor to the noble rank
of baron. The title was conferred on him by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1852, being assumed by the hierarch both in his signature and in the official title used in correspondence with the civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Romanian Principalities, as well as on the title pages of books printed in Sibiu. The royal titles and orders, the baronial coat of arms and the metropolitan emblem illustrate the historical effigies and aristocratic stature of the complex personality of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna and represent the new legal status and public dignity that the Romanian nation and the Transylvanian Orthodox Church acquired during his pastorate.
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A duty of piety gethered together the representatives of the Romanian nation at the tomb in Răşinari and in the metropolitan cathedral of Sibiu, giving them the opportunity to spiritually enter the moral historical atmosphere of... more
A duty of piety gethered together the representatives of the Romanian nation at the tomb in Răşinari and in the metropolitan cathedral of Sibiu, giving them the opportunity to spiritually enter the moral historical atmosphere of Metropolitan Şaguna’s life and work, as a representative personality of unusual plastic energy in both thought and execution. Any commemoration must have, first of all, an educational tendency, just as generally educative is, both in a moral and political sense, the tendency of history, which cannot be satisfied only to imparting mere knowledge regarding the causal connections between past events, but tends to educate succeeding generations, enriching their spiritual life through virtues that emerge from the life and work of immortal heroes, their faith, bravery, justice or holiness having become the best guides of the peoples on the paths of perfection.
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On the 60th anniversary of the passing of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna, the professor and rector of the Theological Academy in Sibiu, Nicolae Colan, the future bishop of Cluj, gave a commemorative speech on the occasion of a memorial... more
On the 60th anniversary of the passing of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna, the professor and rector of the Theological Academy in Sibiu, Nicolae Colan, the future bishop of Cluj, gave a commemorative speech on the occasion of a memorial service held in the metropolitan cathedral of Sibiu. The panegyric broadly evokes the activity of Metropolitan Şaguna, insisting on the constitutional organization of the metropolis, the hierarch’s contribution to the reform and modernization of Orthodox confessional education in Transylvania, the theological school in Sibiu, the founding of the periodical “Telegraful Român” and the Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian people from Transylvania.
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Istorie și isihasm în opera preotului profesor Ilarion V. Felea. Glose pe marginea lucrării Paisie și paisianismul, apărută la Cluj în 1940, in Istorie, cultură şi spiritualitate în secolele XIX-XX. Academia Română şi Teologia arădeană, Cluj-Napoca/Arad, Presa Universitară Clujeana, 2023, p.145-161.more
The year 2022, of the bicentenary of the “Ilarion V. Felea” Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Arad and the tricentenary of Saint Paisius from Neamț, has represented the perfect moment to reflect upon a lesser-known work of the martyr priest... more
The year 2022, of the bicentenary of the “Ilarion V. Felea” Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Arad and the tricentenary of Saint Paisius from Neamț, has represented the perfect moment to reflect upon a lesser-known work of the martyr priest Ilarion V. Felea, dedicated to Saint Paisius Velicikovski and the Paisian movement of spiritual and monastic renewal. Published in Cluj in 1940, the work highlights the author’s quality as a historiographer and his academic focus on studying the history of Romanian monasticism, out of which he believed he could extract moral and spiritual lessons for spiritual benefit, the introduction of Orthodox spirituality and the broadening of the cultural horizon of the Romanian Orthodox Christians, from the beginning of the bloody fifth decade of the 20th century. Last but not least, I consider this contribution as a recuperative and restorative one both for the memory and the work of its author, as well as for the Paisian, Romanian and international historiography, to which the work of the professor from Arad has remained totally unknown until today.
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„Rugați-vă lui Dumnezeu pentru ajutorul cel de sus la orice lucrare a voastră”. Din povețele spre rugăciune ale Sfântului Mitropolit Andrei Șaguna, în vol. Rugăciunea și mărturisirea în Viața Bisericii și relevanța lor pentru societatea post-modernă, Ed. Episcopiei Caransebeșului, 2023, p.533-554.more
Saint Hierarch Andrei Șaguna, Metropolitan of Transylvania, is an overwhelming personality of our ecclesiastical and national history, registered in the calendar of saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church on November 30. Although several... more
Saint Hierarch Andrei Șaguna, Metropolitan of Transylvania, is an
overwhelming personality of our ecclesiastical and national history, registered in the calendar of saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church on November 30. Although several monographs and studies have been dedicated to his personality and work, the study of his personality, activity and work is not yet exhausted, considering that part of his correspondence with the deans of the diocese and with the Viennese government officials is still unpublished, and the great majority of his theological, historical and polemical works have not been reprinted in new, critical editions. Last but not least, the exegesis of his works remains open, especially since certain topics or themes have not yet been systematically discussed. This study is dedicated to one of these thematic exegesis, analyzing the counsels and exhortations to prayer of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna reflected in his homiletics, correspondence, daily life and the editorial activity of the great hierarch. Through his teachings and counsels inserted in his sermons, in his pastoral letters, in his official and private correspondence with the priests and the deacons, as well as through the books of worship, prayers and theological handbooks that he published, Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna did not develop a speculative theological discourse, nor mystical about prayer, but gave practical, simple and clear advice on the practice of prayer in daily life, at the main moments of the day, at the beginning and at the end of all human works, insisting both on the importance and the benefit of personal or private prayer, as well as that of the community, performed by the entire Christian community within liturgical service, with special emphasis on the Holy Sunday Liturgy and on the holidays of the religious calendar. I believe that his exhortations and counsels remain extremely actual and relevant even today, in the fast-paced world in which we live.
overwhelming personality of our ecclesiastical and national history, registered in the calendar of saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church on November 30. Although several monographs and studies have been dedicated to his personality and work, the study of his personality, activity and work is not yet exhausted, considering that part of his correspondence with the deans of the diocese and with the Viennese government officials is still unpublished, and the great majority of his theological, historical and polemical works have not been reprinted in new, critical editions. Last but not least, the exegesis of his works remains open, especially since certain topics or themes have not yet been systematically discussed. This study is dedicated to one of these thematic exegesis, analyzing the counsels and exhortations to prayer of Saint Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna reflected in his homiletics, correspondence, daily life and the editorial activity of the great hierarch. Through his teachings and counsels inserted in his sermons, in his pastoral letters, in his official and private correspondence with the priests and the deacons, as well as through the books of worship, prayers and theological handbooks that he published, Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna did not develop a speculative theological discourse, nor mystical about prayer, but gave practical, simple and clear advice on the practice of prayer in daily life, at the main moments of the day, at the beginning and at the end of all human works, insisting both on the importance and the benefit of personal or private prayer, as well as that of the community, performed by the entire Christian community within liturgical service, with special emphasis on the Holy Sunday Liturgy and on the holidays of the religious calendar. I believe that his exhortations and counsels remain extremely actual and relevant even today, in the fast-paced world in which we live.
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The national movement of the Romanians from Banat is an integral part of the Romanian national movement from the Habsburg Monarchy. Unlike in the Grand Principality of Transylvania, where the Romanian national movement primarily aimed at... more
The national movement of the Romanians from Banat is an integral part of the Romanian national movement from the Habsburg Monarchy. Unlike in the Grand Principality of Transylvania, where the Romanian national movement primarily aimed at the political recognition of the Romanian nation in the concern of the oficial Transylvanian nations and of the Romanian churches among the recognized confessions of the principality, in Banat, where the Orthodox Romanians were from a confessional point of view under the protection of the "Illyrian privileges" and the control of the Serbian hierarchy, the main goal of the national movement in the first half of the 19th century was the election and installation of Romanian bishops on the episcopal seats of the three predominantly Romanian dioceses from Arad, Vârset and Timisoara. During the first three decades of the 19th century, the leaders of this movement were Dimitrie Țichindeal, Moise Nicoară and Vasile Georgevici, the Romanians' petitions being addressed both to the metropolitans of Carloviț, but especially to the Court of Vienna and other influential secular and ecclesiastical forums of the Austrian Empire. The Romanian national movement partially achieved its goal by the appointment of the Transylvanian Archimandrite Nestor Ioanovici as bishop of the Arad Diocese in 1828. In the dioceses of Timișoara and Vârset, this goal was fulfilled only four decades later through the hierarchical separation decided in the Synod of Carloviț from 1864-1865, the division of the deaneries and parishes of Banat on ethnic criteria and the establishment of the Romanian Diocese of Caransebeș on July 6, 1865, the historical diocese of Timișoara with all its assets remaining in the exclusive heritage of the Serbs of Banat. Our study presents the biography and activity of the military chaplain and archpriest Vasile Georgevici, the first Orthodox cleric who initiated the separation of the Orthodox confessional community in Timișoara on ethnic criteria, forming the first Romanian Orthodox parish in the capital of Banat and building the church dedicated to Saint Elijah in the Fabric district of Timișoara. Vasile Georgevici was the most vocal exponent of the petitioning movement to establish a Romanian hierarchy at the head of the Eparchy of Timisoara during the third decade of the 19th century. He found a certain openness in the circles of the Viennese court towards the Romanian grievances because of his pastoral activity in the imperial army and the support given to the military authorities during the recruitment campaigns in the Banat in the first two decades of the 19th century.
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In the night of 5 to 6 May 1950, the repressive organs of the communist regime in Romania arrested and interrogated 69 former dignitaries of the Romanian governments from the interwar period and the Second World War. Their number... more
In the night of 5 to 6 May 1950, the repressive organs of the communist
regime in Romania arrested and interrogated 69 former dignitaries of the Romanian governments from the interwar period and the Second World War. Their number increased in the next day to around 150 persons, who held the office of a prime minister, minister, secretary and vice secretary of state during 1919 and 1945. Together with other representatives of the old regime and monarchists, without any trial, they were sent hidden in the cars of the Securitate to the penitentiary in Sighet, in the county of Maramureș, near the border with the Soviet Union. Some of them, such as Iuliu Maniu and Gheorghe Brătianu, died in that prison in Sighet and were buried in complete anonymity in the cemetery of the poor without any
cross or sign marking their tomb. Others resisted and managed to come out alive, being released in 1955 or 1956. Among them was Ioan Lupaș, retired university professor in Sibiu, one of the most renowned historians and academic figures of interwar Romania. Arrested in the middle of the night of 5th May 1950, Ioan Lupaș was driven to the Securitate headquarters in Sibiu, interrogated during the whole night and obliged to write three statements about his life and about his public, political and academic activity. The documents are preserved in the Archives of the
National Council for the Study of Securitate Archives in Bucharest and represent the main topic of this paper. In the dawn of 6 May 1950, Lupaș was sent to Sighet and imprisoned until the summer of 1955, when he was released and returned home to Cluj, were his son Semproniu lived, and then to Sibiu and Bucharest, were he lived the last years of his life together with his oldest daughter Marina Vlasiu-Lupaș, until his death, on the 3 July 1967.
regime in Romania arrested and interrogated 69 former dignitaries of the Romanian governments from the interwar period and the Second World War. Their number increased in the next day to around 150 persons, who held the office of a prime minister, minister, secretary and vice secretary of state during 1919 and 1945. Together with other representatives of the old regime and monarchists, without any trial, they were sent hidden in the cars of the Securitate to the penitentiary in Sighet, in the county of Maramureș, near the border with the Soviet Union. Some of them, such as Iuliu Maniu and Gheorghe Brătianu, died in that prison in Sighet and were buried in complete anonymity in the cemetery of the poor without any
cross or sign marking their tomb. Others resisted and managed to come out alive, being released in 1955 or 1956. Among them was Ioan Lupaș, retired university professor in Sibiu, one of the most renowned historians and academic figures of interwar Romania. Arrested in the middle of the night of 5th May 1950, Ioan Lupaș was driven to the Securitate headquarters in Sibiu, interrogated during the whole night and obliged to write three statements about his life and about his public, political and academic activity. The documents are preserved in the Archives of the
National Council for the Study of Securitate Archives in Bucharest and represent the main topic of this paper. In the dawn of 6 May 1950, Lupaș was sent to Sighet and imprisoned until the summer of 1955, when he was released and returned home to Cluj, were his son Semproniu lived, and then to Sibiu and Bucharest, were he lived the last years of his life together with his oldest daughter Marina Vlasiu-Lupaș, until his death, on the 3 July 1967.
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Organizarea administrativă și dimensiunea demografică a Episcopiei Aradului în anii 1843-1844, în I. Bolovan, D. Sinaci (coord.), Societate, cultură, demografie: Omagiu profesorului Corneliu Pădurean la împlinirea vârstei de 70 de ani, Academia Română. Centrul de Studii Transilvane, 2022, p. 419-441more
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This study presents the life of the pious Paisius from Neamţ and his activity in Moldavia, how the Paisian movement was born, what was the order of the monastic community, as well as some of his teachings, experience and characteristics.... more
This study presents the life of the pious Paisius from Neamţ and his activity in Moldavia, how the Paisian movement was born, what was the order of the monastic community, as well as some of his teachings, experience and characteristics. By Paisianism we mean the monastic revival and the cultural movement rooted in the Mohyla Academy in Kyiv, initiated at Mount Athos and perfected in 18th century Moldavia by the monk Paisius Velichkovsky.
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Among the Romanian institutions founded in the city of Cluj after the union of Transylvania with Romania on the 1st of December 1918 it was included the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, which renewed the medieval... more
Among the Romanian institutions founded in the city of Cluj after the union of Transylvania with Romania on the 1st of December 1918 it was included the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, which renewed the medieval tradition of the eparchies of Feleac and Vad, patronized in the 15th-17th centuries by the princes of Moldavia. Initially organized in the form of a church consistory (1919), then a diocese (1921) with jurisdiction over the part of Transylvania situated in the north of Mureș, the first bishop of Cluj was Nicolae Ivan (1921–1936). The Diocese of Cluj is the only Romanian institution in Cluj that has an uninterrupted institutional continuity from 1919 to the present day, proving that it has managed to coagulate and permanently animate the religious feelings and energies of the Romanian nation during the twentieth century, including the most difficult times, such as the Second Vienna Award (1940–1944)
and the communist regime (1945–1989). This study deals with an unknown episode in the history of the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, in the history of the city and of Romanian-Hungarian relations in Cluj, namely: the initiative of three Romanian lawyers and the public manifesto of the lawyer Vasile Indre in the autumn of 1904 regarding the establishment of the Romanian eparchy, the refusal of the city council of Cluj to support this religious, cultural and national project of the Romanian Orthodox people in Transylvania, initiated by the Bishop Andrei Șaguna in the summer of 1863. Undisputed so far by historiography, the manifesto of lawyer Vasile Indre in favor of the Diocese
of Cluj offers a testimony about the failed attempt of Romanians in Cluj to sensitize local authorities to support the church project by allocating free land, on which to build the new diocese for Orthodox believers in Upper Transylvania. The effort of the Romanian lawyer to appeal to the spirit of tolerance of Cluj and to highlight the long-lasting positive effects of the presence of a Romanian diocese on the material and spiritual development of Cluj was rejected, due to the chauvinistic attitude of the Cluj city council members, who perceived the request of the Romanian lawyers as an insult to the Hungarian national state and an attack on the Hungarian ethnic character of Cluj.
and the communist regime (1945–1989). This study deals with an unknown episode in the history of the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, in the history of the city and of Romanian-Hungarian relations in Cluj, namely: the initiative of three Romanian lawyers and the public manifesto of the lawyer Vasile Indre in the autumn of 1904 regarding the establishment of the Romanian eparchy, the refusal of the city council of Cluj to support this religious, cultural and national project of the Romanian Orthodox people in Transylvania, initiated by the Bishop Andrei Șaguna in the summer of 1863. Undisputed so far by historiography, the manifesto of lawyer Vasile Indre in favor of the Diocese
of Cluj offers a testimony about the failed attempt of Romanians in Cluj to sensitize local authorities to support the church project by allocating free land, on which to build the new diocese for Orthodox believers in Upper Transylvania. The effort of the Romanian lawyer to appeal to the spirit of tolerance of Cluj and to highlight the long-lasting positive effects of the presence of a Romanian diocese on the material and spiritual development of Cluj was rejected, due to the chauvinistic attitude of the Cluj city council members, who perceived the request of the Romanian lawyers as an insult to the Hungarian national state and an attack on the Hungarian ethnic character of Cluj.
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The expansion of the Habsburg Empire towards Central and South-Eastern Europe in the first decade of the 18th century has determinated large political, social, economical, religious and cultural changes in the new territories of the House... more
The expansion of the Habsburg Empire towards Central and South-Eastern Europe in the first decade of the 18th century has determinated large political, social, economical, religious and cultural changes in the new territories of the House of Austria. The takeover of Transylvania, Banat, Oltenia and other regions in southern Hungary and northern Serbia have determined the political and military agents of Vienna to initiate and carry out a series of systematic projects of detailed research of the "newly acquired" territories, in order to have a clearer picture of the geographical, political, hydrographic, administrative-territorial, demographic situation, of the infrastructure and roads, of the riches and natural resources of these regions. In this study, it is presented the way in which the military engineer Friedrich Schwantz von Springfels mapped the south of Hunedoara county on the map of "Valahia Cisalutane" (Oltenia), drawn up between 1720-1722 and sent to the Court of Vienna in 1723. The largest section of the map, that illustrates a province in the vicinity of Oltenia, includes the south of the current Hunedoara county, more precisely the Hațeg Country. The information contained on Schwantz's map indicate the landforms, hydrography, roads and settlements inhabited in the Hunedoara area, transforming the map into a historical document of prime importance especially for the history of the Hunedoara villages, but also for the history of transport, forestry and the evolution of the streams of rivers in this area.
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From 1909 to 1919, historian Ioan Lupaș was the parish priest of the great church of Săliște and archpriest of the Săliște Orthodox Deanery. In this capacity, he carried out prodigious pastoral, social, educational and cultural work, the... more
From 1909 to 1919, historian Ioan Lupaș was the parish priest of the great
church of Săliște and archpriest of the Săliște Orthodox Deanery. In this capacity, he carried out prodigious pastoral, social, educational and cultural work, the fruits of which became apparent in both the short and the longterm. Among the projects initiated by Ioan Lupaș that live on to this day is Cartea de aur a ctitorilor și binefăcătorilor Sf. Biserici Române Gr. Or. din Săliște (The Golden Book of Founders and Benefactors of the Holy Greek-Orthodox Romanian Church of Săliște), which began on January 1st, 1911. The Golden Book is preserved in the Săliște Parish Museum of Săliște town as an object of inestimable historical, memorial and sentimental value, one that gives testimony as to the centuries-old history of Săliște and represents a fundamental source of information regarding the town’s history during the 20th century. Religiously guarded and carefully filled in by those who succeeded Ioan Lupaș at the head of the parish, the Golden Book of the great church of Săliște tells the story of unique events that occurred in the life of the community, of Romanian and international figures of cultural, political, national, academic, military and ecclesiastical life who paid memorable visits to the heart of Mărginimea Sibiului in the 20th and early 21st century. The present work is the first one to discuss the odyssey of the Golden Book of Săliște, presenting its contents and mentioning the names of the main personalities who signed its pages during the century that unfurled between 1919 and 2019. An annex to the study provides a rendition of the so far unpublished introduction written by priest and historian Ioan Lupaș in 1918.
church of Săliște and archpriest of the Săliște Orthodox Deanery. In this capacity, he carried out prodigious pastoral, social, educational and cultural work, the fruits of which became apparent in both the short and the longterm. Among the projects initiated by Ioan Lupaș that live on to this day is Cartea de aur a ctitorilor și binefăcătorilor Sf. Biserici Române Gr. Or. din Săliște (The Golden Book of Founders and Benefactors of the Holy Greek-Orthodox Romanian Church of Săliște), which began on January 1st, 1911. The Golden Book is preserved in the Săliște Parish Museum of Săliște town as an object of inestimable historical, memorial and sentimental value, one that gives testimony as to the centuries-old history of Săliște and represents a fundamental source of information regarding the town’s history during the 20th century. Religiously guarded and carefully filled in by those who succeeded Ioan Lupaș at the head of the parish, the Golden Book of the great church of Săliște tells the story of unique events that occurred in the life of the community, of Romanian and international figures of cultural, political, national, academic, military and ecclesiastical life who paid memorable visits to the heart of Mărginimea Sibiului in the 20th and early 21st century. The present work is the first one to discuss the odyssey of the Golden Book of Săliște, presenting its contents and mentioning the names of the main personalities who signed its pages during the century that unfurled between 1919 and 2019. An annex to the study provides a rendition of the so far unpublished introduction written by priest and historian Ioan Lupaș in 1918.
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Episcopia Ortodoxă a Dalmației între Franța napoleoniană și Monarhia habsburgică: evoluție istorică, organizare administrativă, dimensiune demografică (1797-1868) în Fides et sapientia: studii în onoarea părintelui nostru Nicolae Chifăr, coord. Daniel Buda, Dragoş Boicu, Sibiu, Ed. Andreiana, 2021.more
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Orizontul cultural european al personalităţii mitropolitului Andrei baron de Şaguna reliefat de biblioteca, poliglotismul şi călătoriile nemuritorului ierarh în Istorie și Teologie. In honorem pr. prof. univ. dr. Ioan-Vasile Leb, Vol. I, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2021, p. 361-388.more
Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna’s life and activity have been the subject of numerous researches, to him being dedicated five rich bibliographies written by Romanian theologians and historians. The purpose of this study is to underline a side... more
Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna’s life and activity have been the subject of numerous researches, to him being dedicated five rich bibliographies written by Romanian theologians and historians. The purpose of this study is to underline a side which is less known to the academic historical research and to the orthodox ecclesial environment, namely the cultural dimension of the great bishop’s personality, on one side, through the presentation of his library – based on the manuscript of the inventory carried out by the archimandrite Ilarion Puşcariu between 1871-1873–, and on the other side, by recalling his vast linguistic knowledge and by reconfiguring the itinerary of his voyages in the Romanian and Central-Eastern European geographical space. Seen from the perspective of the scholar, the polyglot, the restless traveler, the personality of the Saint Hierarch Andrei Şaguna the Metropolitan of Transylvania reveals itself in a different light than the one used by historians and theologians to present him. The hierarch, theologian, leader of the country and church, the politician or astute diplomat embodied all these aspects, without being included in only one of them, his cultural profile presenting him as a real “homo europaeus”, with a horizon which is both ecumenical and imperial, as only few of his Transylvanian contemporaries had.
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The diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj was founded in the summer of 1921 and its first bishop was Archimandrite Nicolae Ivan (September 26th, 1921), ordained in the metropolitan cathedral of Sibiu (November 21, 1921), invested by King... more
The diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj was founded in the summer of 1921 and its first bishop was Archimandrite Nicolae Ivan (September 26th, 1921), ordained in the metropolitan cathedral of Sibiu (November 21, 1921), invested by King Ferdinand I of Romania (December 8th 1821) and installed in the Holy Trinity church in Cluj (December 6/19th, 1921), on the feast of the Holy Hierarch Nicolae. The project of establishing an Orthodox diocese with residence in Cluj was launched by Bishop Andrei Şaguna, in July 1863, in the context of negotiations with the government in Vienna on the re-establishment and organization of the Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan Church in Transylvania, Banat and Hungary. Vienna did not approve the project, but Metropolitan Şaguna left its realization in the care of the national church congresses, making available to the future diocese, by will, the amount of 25,000 florins. In the following decades, the issue was discussed and postponed several times, in 1909 it was finally decided to establish the Diocese of Cluj, which would include the Transylvanian Orthodox believers who lived north of the Mureş River. The decision was materialized only after the end of the First World War and the union of Transylvania with Romania, in September 1919 the nucleus of the new diocese was organized in Cluj. The founders wanted to show that although it is a new diocese, it actually renews the medieval tradition of the diocese of Vad (XVI-XVII centuries) and the metropolia of Feleac (XV-XVI centuries), so they named it the Diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj. The text of the historical priest and publicist Sebastian Stanca, originally published in 1923, is the first historiographic synthesis that presents the itinerary of the modern history of the Diocese of Cluj.
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The Church on the Hill, dedicated to the Holy Trinity (1796) is the oldest Orthodox place of worship in Cluj. However, the parish of this church is not the oldest Romanian Orthodox ecclesial community documented on today’s surface of the... more
The Church on the Hill, dedicated to the Holy Trinity (1796) is the oldest Orthodox place of worship in Cluj. However, the parish of this church is not the oldest Romanian Orthodox ecclesial community documented on today’s surface of the city. Administratively incorporated in the city of Cluj in 1894, the village of Cluj-Manastur has a thousand-year history, including the Romanian wooden church here, existing in 1656 and rectified in the last three decades of the seventeenth century by two Greeks merchants from Macedonia. In this study we insisted on the history of this church, also called monastery, translating into Romanian and commenting on an original document, preserved in the State Archives of Cluj, issued by Metropolitan Teofil Seremi, on June 17, 1696, by which the Transylvanian hierarch recognized the Greek merchants from Macedonia, Paul and Gheorghe Christoph, as the founders of the Cluj-Mănăştur monastery.
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Research Interests:
The article outlines the biographical path of Bishop Vasile Flueraş, from the years of his childhood and studies, to those of his service in the Church. Both at the Orthodox cathedral in the metropolis of Transylvania, where he was... more
The article outlines the biographical path of Bishop Vasile Flueraş, from the years of his childhood and studies, to those of his service in the Church. Both at the Orthodox cathedral in the metropolis of Transylvania, where he was ecclesiarch, as well as at the Nicula monastery and the Calvaria church, Father Vasile Flueraş found himself under the same blessed protection of the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary, all these holy places being dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos, Father Vasile having a special veneration and affinity towards the Mother of God, sharing three of her virtues that particularly characterized him too: humility, gentleness and tenderness of soul. In 1998, at the proposal of Archbishop Bartolomeu Anania, he was appointed vicar bishop of the Archdiocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, for his qualities of “monk and father confessor of great dignity and influence, whose spiritual zeal was doubled by an indisputable missionary vocation.” The reason for the call to the hierarchy of Father Vasile Flueraş was the dynamization of the missionary-pastoral and social-philanthropic activity of the Archdiocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj. He was like an embodiment of the image of gentleness, of warm smile, of humility and tenderness and of a discreet and selfless philanthropist. Bishop Vasile Flueraş Someşanul was and will remain in the memory and in the hearts of those who knew him the
man of God, the good shepherd, the father in the most authentic sense of the word.
man of God, the good shepherd, the father in the most authentic sense of the word.
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În studiul acesta mi-am propus analiza epidemiei de gripă spaniolă în lumina rapoartelor ASTREI din 1922, a însemnărilor culese din câteva registre parohiale de stare civilă românești, a memorialisticii românești și săsești și a presei... more
În studiul acesta mi-am propus analiza epidemiei de gripă spaniolă în lumina rapoartelor ASTREI din 1922, a însemnărilor culese din câteva registre parohiale de stare civilă românești, a memorialisticii românești și săsești și a presei românești transilvănene din toamna anului 1918, când societatea ardeleană a trecut printr-o serie de transformări majore marcate de disoluția monarhiei austro-ungare, de revoluția transilvăneană, de organizarea consiliilor și gărzilor naționale, de desfășurarea Marii Adunări Naționale de la Alba Iulia, de intrarea armatei române în spațiul intracarpatic și de preluarea administrației de către autoritățile române.
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Ioan Lupaș is a well‐known figure in Romanian historiography and culture from the first half of the 20th century. His historiographical work drew the attention of Romanian researchers, but his church activity as archpriest of Săliște is... more
Ioan Lupaș is a well‐known figure in Romanian historiography and culture from the first half of the 20th century. His historiographical work drew the attention of Romanian researchers, but his church activity as archpriest of Săliște is less known in the Romanian theological and historical world. Our study presents a new light on the biography of the illustrious historical priest between 1909–1919, when Ioan Lupaș served as parish priest of Săliștei and archpriest of the Border of Sibiu. Our research is based on very rich original material recently discovered, during individual research projects, in the archives of the Romanian Orthodox Protopopiate Săliște, preserved inside the Museum of the Protopopiate and Săliște Parish, located in the center of Săliște in Sibiu County.
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In the summer of 2021, the Romanian Orthodox Eparchy of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, today archdiocese and headquarters of the Metropolia of Cluj, Maramureş and Sălaj, celebrates a century of existence. The festive moment represents a suitable... more
In the summer of 2021, the Romanian Orthodox Eparchy of Vad, Feleac and Cluj, today archdiocese and headquarters of the Metropolia of Cluj, Maramureş and Sălaj, celebrates a century of existence. The festive moment represents a suitable opportunity to write an overview of this historical path, highlighting the main stages of development of the church institution over the hundred years. The study starts from the sketch of the medieval historical tradition of the diocese, focuses on the restoration projects launched between 1864-1918, and then captures the evolution of the diocese in the four major phases of its existence: the beginnings under Nicolae Ivan and the interwar period, the painful time of Northern Transylvania being annexed by Horty’s Hungary, after the Vienna Dictate (August 30, 1940), the era of restrictions during the communist regime and the last three decades, from the dawn of the democratic transition till the present.
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On January 13, 2020, father professor Mircea Păcurariu, member of the Romanian Academy, passed away. Born on July 30, 1932, in Ruşi, Hunedoara County, he studied at the Decebal High School in Deva (1943- 1951), at the Faculty of History... more
On January 13, 2020, father professor Mircea Păcurariu, member of the Romanian Academy, passed away. Born on July 30, 1932, in Ruşi, Hunedoara County, he studied at the Decebal High School in Deva (1943-
1951), at the Faculty of History of the “Victor Babeş” University of Cluj (1951-1952) and at the University Theological Institute in Sibiu (1952-1956), then he had his doctorate at the Theological Institute in Bucharest (1956-1959), where he received the title of doctor in Theology in 1968. He had a long teaching career at the Orthodox Seminary of Neamţ Monastery (1959-1961), then at the University Theological Institute of Sibiu (1961-1992), which became the Faculty of Theology “Andrei Şaguna” of the University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu (1992-2011), where he taught the history of the Romanian Orthodox Church, classical languages, Byzantinology and Romanian paleography. He is also the author and coordinator of about 60 books and over 900 studies and articles in magazines and collective volumes, becoming the most famous and prolific historian of the Romanian Church in the last 50 years. For his didactic, academic, ecclesiastical and cultural merits, he was elected a corresponding member (1997) and full member of the Romanian Academy and was awarded numerous distinctions, titles, orders and dignities in ecclesiastical, civil, academic and cultural fields. The present text is meant to be a brief laudation, an appreciative evocation of his personality and activity shortly after his passing into eternity.
1951), at the Faculty of History of the “Victor Babeş” University of Cluj (1951-1952) and at the University Theological Institute in Sibiu (1952-1956), then he had his doctorate at the Theological Institute in Bucharest (1956-1959), where he received the title of doctor in Theology in 1968. He had a long teaching career at the Orthodox Seminary of Neamţ Monastery (1959-1961), then at the University Theological Institute of Sibiu (1961-1992), which became the Faculty of Theology “Andrei Şaguna” of the University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu (1992-2011), where he taught the history of the Romanian Orthodox Church, classical languages, Byzantinology and Romanian paleography. He is also the author and coordinator of about 60 books and over 900 studies and articles in magazines and collective volumes, becoming the most famous and prolific historian of the Romanian Church in the last 50 years. For his didactic, academic, ecclesiastical and cultural merits, he was elected a corresponding member (1997) and full member of the Romanian Academy and was awarded numerous distinctions, titles, orders and dignities in ecclesiastical, civil, academic and cultural fields. The present text is meant to be a brief laudation, an appreciative evocation of his personality and activity shortly after his passing into eternity.
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A prolific historian, a professor of the Andreian Seminary in Sibiu, parish priest of Săliștea and an archpriest of Mărginimea Sibiului, a professor of the ‘King Ferdinand I’ University in Cluj, a titular member of the Romanian Academy, a... more
A prolific historian, a professor of the Andreian Seminary in Sibiu, parish priest of Săliștea and an archpriest of Mărginimea Sibiului, a professor of the ‘King Ferdinand I’ University in Cluj, a titular member of the Romanian Academy, a talented publicist, a co-founder of the Institute of National History in Cluj, a deputy in the Parliament of Greater Romania, a minister in the Averescu and Goga-Cuza governments, a patriot and victim of the Bolshevik regime in the 1950s’ Romania, Ioan Lupaș is a scholar with the aura of a saint. Fr. Lupaș is part of the admirable generation of those who committed themselves with all their power and selflessness to the national movement of the Transylvanian Romanians, those who achieved the Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with the Kingdom of Romania on 1 December 1918 and then fought for the consolidation of national unity during the interwar period. Lupaș is part of the leading gallery of the makers of Greater Romania, and one of the few historians-participants who later wrote relevant pages about the astral event in which they were active participants. The study provides a brief biography of Ioan Lupaș, focusing on the activity of the archpriest at the time of the First World War, his involvement in the organization of the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia, and the way in which he subsequently remembered the events and feelings experienced in the year of the ‘fortunate fulfilling of long-awaited goals’ and of ‘thoroughly well-deserved triumph’.
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Sub pajura Habsburgilor: preoți militari ortodocși români în armatele Imperiului austriac (1788-1848), în Gabriel-V. Gârdan, Bogdan-P. Ivanov, Daniela-L. Ivanovici (Eds), Istorie și Teologie. In Honorem Pr. Prof. Ioan-Vasile Leb, Vol. II, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2021, p. 419-457.more
The Habsburg Empire comprised several regions with a predominantly Orthodox population, such as Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, Slavonia and northern Serbia. The k.u.k. imperial armies have been accompanied since the Middle Ages by... more
The Habsburg Empire comprised several regions with a predominantly Orthodox population, such as Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, Slavonia and northern Serbia. The k.u.k. imperial armies have been accompanied since the Middle Ages by military chaplains, most of them members of the Jesuit order or other monastic orders. In 1774, the Apostolic Vicarage of the k.u.k. Army was established, led by a Roman-Catholic bishop and a consistory, which coordinated the religious assistance in the entire army. Starting with 1758, at the request of Metropolitan Pavel Nenadovici from Sremski Karlovci/Karlowitz, the Court of Vienna instituted, in the border regiments, during times of war, Orthodox military priests. Later, during the Napoleonic Wars, several Orthodox, Serbian and Romanian military priests were employed for the
regiments of soldiers of Orthodox confession. In 1834, a decision was taken, through which all infantry regiments with a relative or absolute majority of Orthodox soldiers were to employ military chaplains of this confession. The chaplains were selected from among the Hieromonks, unmarried priests or widows. Our study briefly presents the history of religious assistance in the armies of the Habsburg monarchy until 1848 and restores the biographies of Romanian Orthodox chaplains who served in the imperial army between the end of the eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth centuries.
regiments of soldiers of Orthodox confession. In 1834, a decision was taken, through which all infantry regiments with a relative or absolute majority of Orthodox soldiers were to employ military chaplains of this confession. The chaplains were selected from among the Hieromonks, unmarried priests or widows. Our study briefly presents the history of religious assistance in the armies of the Habsburg monarchy until 1848 and restores the biographies of Romanian Orthodox chaplains who served in the imperial army between the end of the eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth centuries.
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Prolific historian, teacher of the Andreian Theological Seminary in Sibiu, parish priest in Săliște and archpriest of Săliște deanery nearby Sibiu, professor at the ‘King Ferdinand I’ University of Cluj, member of the Romanian Academy,... more
Prolific historian, teacher of the Andreian Theological Seminary in Sibiu, parish priest in Săliște and archpriest of Săliște deanery nearby Sibiu, professor at the ‘King Ferdinand I’ University of Cluj, member of the Romanian Academy, talented journalist, co-founder of the National History Institute in Cluj, deputy of Great Romania’s Parliament, minister in the Averescu and Goga-Cuza Governments, patriot and victim of the communist regime in Romania in the 1950s, Ioan Lupaș is a scholar with a martyr’s aura. Father Lupaș is part of the admirable generation of those who engaged themselves with all their force and abnegation
in the national movement of the Transylvanian Romanians, those who made possible the union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with the Kingdom of Romania on the 1st of December 1918 and then fought to strengthen the national unity in the interwar period. Lupaș belonged to the prominent generation of Great Romania founders, being among the few historians-participants who later wrote relevant pages about the major event they were actively taking part in. The study briefly describes his biography, insisting on the work of archpriest Ioan Lupaș during World War I, his involvement in the organization of the Great National Assembly in Alba Iulia and how he later remembered the events and feelings experienced in the year of ‘the long-awaited blessed fulfilment’ and ‘the fully deserved triumph’.
in the national movement of the Transylvanian Romanians, those who made possible the union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana and Maramureș with the Kingdom of Romania on the 1st of December 1918 and then fought to strengthen the national unity in the interwar period. Lupaș belonged to the prominent generation of Great Romania founders, being among the few historians-participants who later wrote relevant pages about the major event they were actively taking part in. The study briefly describes his biography, insisting on the work of archpriest Ioan Lupaș during World War I, his involvement in the organization of the Great National Assembly in Alba Iulia and how he later remembered the events and feelings experienced in the year of ‘the long-awaited blessed fulfilment’ and ‘the fully deserved triumph’.
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Philanthropy is an attribute of the Church since the apostolic period, its philanthropic work varying throughout history depending on the political evolution, social, cultural and religious transformations of society, but especially on... more
Philanthropy is an attribute of the Church since the apostolic period, its philanthropic work varying throughout history depending on the political evolution, social, cultural and religious transformations of society, but especially on the charism of the church servants, from all hierarchical levels, and members of the laity. Public and private charitable foundations, as institutionalized expression of philanthropy and Christian charity appeared in medieval Europe, but went through a crisis during the Reformation, experiencing a revitalization in the late eighteenth century and a remarkable flourishing in the nineteenth
century. The first philanthropic foundations appeared in the Transylvanian Orthodox Church in the first half of the 19th century. Until the Great Union of 1918, most Romanian charitable foundations were created, patronized and administered by the two Romanian Churches, all Romanian philanthropists being more or less connected to parishes, dioceses and metropolises. This study presents the development of
Orthodox foundations and the great Orthodox philanthropists in Transylvania, listing the funds and charitable foundations that functioned within the Archdiocese of Transylvania until 1918.
century. The first philanthropic foundations appeared in the Transylvanian Orthodox Church in the first half of the 19th century. Until the Great Union of 1918, most Romanian charitable foundations were created, patronized and administered by the two Romanian Churches, all Romanian philanthropists being more or less connected to parishes, dioceses and metropolises. This study presents the development of
Orthodox foundations and the great Orthodox philanthropists in Transylvania, listing the funds and charitable foundations that functioned within the Archdiocese of Transylvania until 1918.
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The Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş with the Kingdom of Romania, adopted on 1 December 1918, enshrined the sincere and freely expressed desire of the Romanians in these lands to be part of Greater Romania. Embraced by... more
The Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş with the Kingdom of Romania, adopted on 1 December 1918, enshrined the sincere and freely expressed desire of the Romanians in these lands to be part of Greater Romania. Embraced by the entire Romanian nation, the Alba Iulia decision was rejected by the Hungarian Government led by Mihály Károlyi and militarily opposed by the Bolshevik Government of Béla Kun, installed in Budapest in March 1919. This led to a Romanian‑Hungarian military confrontation that culminated in the occupation of Budapest by the Romanian Army on August 4, 1919 and the removal of the Hungarian communist regime. The Romanian troops were accompanied, in their campaign to Hungary, by seventy military chaplains, a part of them came from Transylvania. Some of them wrote campaign journals, others later recounted their experiences by having them published anthumously and posthumously. Ioan Dăncilă was such a priest. In the interwar period, he became archpriest of the Romanian Army with the rank of lieutenant ‑ colonel. He left to posterity an important theological, historiographical and memoirist work, which is far too little known. In the first part of this study, the life and work of Ioan Dăncilă is briefly described, while in the second part, we present his memoirs of the spring of 1919, when he joined the 90th Infantry Regiment Sibiu in the campaign of the Romanian Army in Hungary.
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The Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania, as well as the other Transylvanian historical churches, is the creator and keeper of an architectural, artistic, archival-documentary and bibliophile priceless heritage. If the... more
The Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania, as well as the other Transylvanian historical churches, is the creator and keeper of an architectural, artistic, archival-documentary and bibliophile priceless heritage. If the architectural-artistic one is more visible and appreciated, the archival-documentary one is still not known and valued through conferences, exhibitions and in the historiography, as it should be. Our study is dedicated to one of the regional administrative structures of the Orthodox Church in Transylvania, presenting, firstly, the historical and organizational evolution of the Săliște deanery, and in the second part, the history, organization and content of the parish and deanery museum and archive. The Săliște Orthodox Deanery was certified in the 17 th century, being formed by the parishes of the Săliște Chair and then by the Saxon Chair of Sibiu. In the 18 th century, Săliștea was one of the centers of orthodox resistance in the face of the forced imposition of uniatism with the Church of Rome. Between 1805-1884 the seat of the deanery was in the town of Sibiu, therefore the deanery was oficialy called Sibiu II and was led by priests with higher studies of theology, history, pedagogy and philosophy at the Universities of Vienna, Leipzig and Budapest. They have taken great care for the patrimony and memory of the parish and the Săliște deanery, so one of the richest Orthodox deanery archives in Transylvania is preserved here. The archive and the Săliște parochial Museum represents a place of memory that testifies the rich history of spirituality, traditions, culture, art, commerce, personalities and Romanian life in the Sibiu area.
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From the exhortation and with the preface of the metropolitan Andrei Șaguna, two important works from classical patristic literature were published in Sibiu in 1865. The first was the important treatise „On the Priesthood”, written by St.... more
From the exhortation and with the preface of the metropolitan Andrei Șaguna, two important works from classical patristic literature were published in Sibiu in 1865. The first was the important treatise „On the Priesthood”, written by St. John the Chrysostom, translated into Romanian by the priest Iosif Barac from the church of St. Nicholas of Brașov, and the second one, the „Life of Saint Macrina” by St. Gregory of Nyssa, translated from German by Professor Gavriil Munteanu, director of the Romanian gymnasium in Brașov. The publishing in Romanian was done for the purpose of cultural edification and spiritual growth of Romanian priests and believers in Transylvania, Banat and Hungary. The two works complement the Romanian patristic literature and highlight the pastoral, theological and spiritual profile of the holy hierarch Andrei Șaguna.The present study brings to the attention of today’s Romanian
priests, theologians and believers, in this year 2019, declared by the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church as the commemorative year of the church translators, the two works unfairly forgotten, by presenting them and restoring in the annexes, the content of the two prefaces. Therefore, the research also had a recuperative and restitutionary dimension, with the hope that it will contribute to the awareness of the ever-present perennial value of both patristic literature and the work of Saint Andrei Șaguna, the metropolitan of Transylvania.
priests, theologians and believers, in this year 2019, declared by the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church as the commemorative year of the church translators, the two works unfairly forgotten, by presenting them and restoring in the annexes, the content of the two prefaces. Therefore, the research also had a recuperative and restitutionary dimension, with the hope that it will contribute to the awareness of the ever-present perennial value of both patristic literature and the work of Saint Andrei Șaguna, the metropolitan of Transylvania.
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Publicarea celor două volume de legislație bisericească referitoare la Ortodoxia Românească constituie momentul de împlinire a obiectivelor asumate în urmă cu mulți ani. Acestea restituie pentru prima dată, în mod unitar și în ordinea... more
Publicarea celor două volume de legislație bisericească referitoare la Ortodoxia Românească constituie momentul de împlinire a obiectivelor asumate în urmă cu mulți ani. Acestea restituie pentru prima dată, în mod unitar și în ordinea cronologică a emiterii lor, majortatea documentelor legislative ecleziastice și civile privind evoluția juridică și canonica a Bisericii Ortodoxo Române din Transilvania, Banat, Bucovina, Ungaria, Moldova și Țara Românească în epoca modernă. Publicarea acestor texte era necesară pentru a facilita accesul specialiștilor în istoria Bisericii, ai dreptului canonic și al teologilor la documentele legislative, unele dinre ele încă netraduse până în prezent în limba română, altele dispersate prin presă, prin organisme oficiale și prin diferite volume de documente. Sperăm că apropierea centenarului Patriarhiei Române și împlinirea unui secol de la adoptarea primei legi și a celui dintâi Statu de organizare a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române să consituie un motiv bun de revizitare a izvoarelor legislative bisericești și laice pe care le reintroducem în circuitul istoriografic.
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Publicarea celor două volume de legislație bisericească referitoare la Ortodoxia Românească constituie momentul de împlinire a obiectivelor asumate în urmă cu mulți ani. Acestea restituie pentru prima dată, în mod unitar și în ordinea... more
Publicarea celor două volume de legislație bisericească referitoare la Ortodoxia Românească constituie momentul de împlinire a obiectivelor asumate în urmă cu mulți ani. Acestea restituie pentru prima dată, în mod unitar și în ordinea cronologică a emiterii lor, majortatea documentelor legislative ecleziastice și civile privind evoluția juridică și canonica a Bisericii Ortodoxo Române din Transilvania, Banat, Bucovina, Ungaria, Moldova și Țara Românească în epoca modernă. Publicarea acestor texte era necesară pentru a facilita accesul specialiștilor în istoria Bisericii, ai dreptului canonic și al teologilor la documentele legislative, unele dinre ele încă netraduse până în prezent în limba română, altele dispersate prin presă, prin organisme oficiale și prin diferite volume de documente. Sperăm că apropierea centenarului Patriarhiei Române și împlinirea unui secol de la adoptarea primei legi și a celui dintâi Statu de organizare a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române să consituie un motiv bun de revizitare a izvoarelor legislative bisericești și laice pe care le reintroducem în circuitul istoriografic.
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Lucrarea de faţă, deşi nu este dedicată în mod special mitropolitului Andrei Şaguna, poartă în întregul ei cuprins, într-o mai mică sau mai mare măsură, pecetea faptelor şi a gândurilor acestuia. Autorul ne surprinde, în mod fericit, nu... more
Lucrarea de faţă, deşi nu este dedicată în mod special mitropolitului Andrei Şaguna, poartă în întregul ei cuprins, într-o mai mică sau mai mare măsură, pecetea faptelor şi a gândurilor acestuia. Autorul ne surprinde, în mod fericit, nu numai prin capitolele dedicate istoriografiei Bisericii Ortodoxe din Transilvania în epoca modernă şi biografiei culturale a mitropolitului, cât, mai ales, prin cele axate asupra relaţiilor ierarhului român cu mediul social-politic săsesc concitadin şi cu liderii de seamă ai Bisericii Evanghelice săseşti din Transilvania, capitole ce ilustrează în chip plenar înălţimea vocaţiei sacerdotale, marea capacitate de dialog, ascuţitul spirit diplomatic, înalta statură politică şi ampla viziune culturală, pe scurt, orizontul creştin, european, imperial şi ecumenic al Sfântului Ierarh Andrei Şaguna. Suntem impresionaţi cum într-o societate ostilă, printre naţiuni şi confesiuni cu aspiraţii de stăpânire şi manifestări politice şi religioase intolerante şi discriminatorii faţă de românii ortodocşi, pe care adeseori i-au numit în mod ostentativ şi batjocoritor "valahi schismatici", marele nostru arhiereu a reuşit să obţină rezultate politice, sociale, naţionale şi bisericeşti, la care predecesorii săi nu putuseră nici măcar să viseze. Aşadar, ne încredinţăm, că într-adevăr el a fost nu un "chemat", ci un "trimis" al providenţei dumnezeieşti în Transilvania, un "Moise al românilor", cum aveau să-l perceapă şi să-l numească contemporanii şi primii săi biografi. † Dr. Laurenţiu Streza, Arhiepiscopul Sibiului şi Mitropolitul Ardealului
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Friedrich Schwantz von Springfels, Descrierea Olteniei la 1723. Ediție, traducere din limba germană, studiu introductiv, note și indice de Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan, Prefață de Ioan Aurel Pop, Muzeul Brăilei-Editura Istros/Centrul de Studii Transilvane-Academia Română, Brăila/Cluj-Napoca, 2017, 334 p.more
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Identifying, retrieving, processing and (re)publishing of texts regarding the memoirs from the First World War, the participation of the Transylvanian Romanians in this conflict, is an attempt to reconstruct the collective memory of an... more
Identifying, retrieving, processing and (re)publishing of texts regarding the memoirs from the First World War, the participation of the Transylvanian Romanians in this conflict, is an attempt to reconstruct the collective memory of an event with major impact on the Romanian society. On the same line of the recovery of the collective memory of those who experienced the horrors of war on both the front and especially behind it, submits also the republishing of the work Contribuţia preoţimii române din Ardeal la războiul pentru întregirea neamului (1916-1919), first published in 1925 by Sebastian Stanca. By the republishing of the work signed by Sebastian Stanca, we aimed to reintroduce this book in the historiographical debate, considering that we are commemorating the beginning of the First World War and the reopening of the so-called ,,cultural border”. In the context of the entry of the Romanian State in the Triple Entente, in the campaign in Transylvania and the multiple desertions over the Carpathian Mountains, beginning with the summer of 1917 in the border area of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Romania, from Orşova to Vatra Dornei, the Ministry of Public Instructions promulgated a decree, regarding the transformation of the Romanian, confessional schools in public schools (where the teaching should be in Hungarian) under the pretext of ,,non-patriotic” attitudes of Romanian teachers and priests during the attack of the Romanian Army in Transylvania. The second stage of the measures of the Hungarian government had a repressive character, because they consisted of the arrest, incarceration and deportation of the intellectuals: Romanian priests, teachers, notaries, advocates and journalists, who were accused of ,,betrayal”, ,,sympathy with the Romanian State”, ,,instigation against the authorities”, ,,espionage for Romania”. In other words, the Hungarian authorities intended to chase away the leaders from the communities, especially the priests. The arrest and the deportation of the intellectuals concerned not only the intracarpathian region, where the military engagements took place, but also the whole region occupied from the Romanians living in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Moreover, the documents dating from that period, reveal the fact that the internment of the Romanian leaders was not made on some clear evidence, or as a result of legal proceedings or some verdicts of the competent authorities, being in the most cases the result of a general abuse due to the heated tension of the war, as well as the overzealous pursuit of uncloaking possible ,,traitors” by the Hungarian authorities.
Sebastian Stancas work, strictly referring to Romanian Transylvanian priests, based on information gathered from the imprisoned, hospitalized or refugee priests, presents the following statistics: 16 priest’s wives and 252 Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests from Transylvania and Banat. Because of the fact that this statistic is incomplete, it was resorted to completing the statistic from the work of priest Grigore N. Popescu, Preoţimea română şi întregirea neamului. Temniţe şi lagăre, volume II, published in 1940. Further completion of this information was provided by the following works: Sebastian Stanca, ,,Carmen saeculare. Preoţimea română din Ardeal în slujba idealului naţional” (conference sustained in the year 1927 and published in the magazine Renaşterea), Roman Ciorogariu, Zile trăite (chapter ,,Internările intelectualităţii şi preoţimii româneşti”) and Romulus Cândea, ,,Biserica ardeleană în anii 1916-1918. Internările şi întemniţările preoţilor” (published in the magazine Candela), texts that have been relayed at the end of the present edition, as an addendum. Following the example of the historians Valeriu Leu and Nicolae Bocşan, which have released 3 massive volumes dedicated to the memoirs from Banat relative to the First World War, in 2012, 2013 and 2015, we wished to re-launch the forgotten volume of the priest Sebastian Stanca, which we publish now, in the centenary years of the Great War and the Great Union, in a critical edition, completed by more addendums which enhance the editorial contents and the historiographical message. We consider that this stage, of recovering and valuing documents related to the implication of Transylvanian Romanians in the events of the First World War and the events leading up to the Great Union, constitutes a duty of historians, in order to get to know the people involved, as well as create a nuanced image of them (sadly, the funding of such endeavors is lacking and the institutions that keep such documents forbid the research of these documents by people outside of the respective institutions, almost altogether).
Sebastian Stancas work, strictly referring to Romanian Transylvanian priests, based on information gathered from the imprisoned, hospitalized or refugee priests, presents the following statistics: 16 priest’s wives and 252 Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests from Transylvania and Banat. Because of the fact that this statistic is incomplete, it was resorted to completing the statistic from the work of priest Grigore N. Popescu, Preoţimea română şi întregirea neamului. Temniţe şi lagăre, volume II, published in 1940. Further completion of this information was provided by the following works: Sebastian Stanca, ,,Carmen saeculare. Preoţimea română din Ardeal în slujba idealului naţional” (conference sustained in the year 1927 and published in the magazine Renaşterea), Roman Ciorogariu, Zile trăite (chapter ,,Internările intelectualităţii şi preoţimii româneşti”) and Romulus Cândea, ,,Biserica ardeleană în anii 1916-1918. Internările şi întemniţările preoţilor” (published in the magazine Candela), texts that have been relayed at the end of the present edition, as an addendum. Following the example of the historians Valeriu Leu and Nicolae Bocşan, which have released 3 massive volumes dedicated to the memoirs from Banat relative to the First World War, in 2012, 2013 and 2015, we wished to re-launch the forgotten volume of the priest Sebastian Stanca, which we publish now, in the centenary years of the Great War and the Great Union, in a critical edition, completed by more addendums which enhance the editorial contents and the historiographical message. We consider that this stage, of recovering and valuing documents related to the implication of Transylvanian Romanians in the events of the First World War and the events leading up to the Great Union, constitutes a duty of historians, in order to get to know the people involved, as well as create a nuanced image of them (sadly, the funding of such endeavors is lacking and the institutions that keep such documents forbid the research of these documents by people outside of the respective institutions, almost altogether).
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Lucian Blaga, „Plin mi-e sufletul meu de tine, plin”. Scrisori către Elena Daniello, ediție îngrijită, note și comentarii de H. R. Daniello și Ilie Rad, Prefață, notă asupra ediției și bibliografie de Ilie Rad, Casa Cărții de Știință, Cluj-Napoca, 2023, 320 p., în TABOR, XVIII, Nr. 2/2024, p. 85-87more
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Paul din Alep, Jurnal de călătorie: Siria, Constantinopol, Moldova, Valahia și Țara Cazacilor, traducere din limba arabă, studiu introductiv și note de Ioana Feodorov, cu colab. Yuliei Petrova și Mihai Țipău, Ed. Istros, Brăila, 2020, 624 p. în Anuarul Institutului George Barițiu, 2022, p.391-395.more
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Aurel Pentelescu, Ionuț-Constantin Petcu, Episcopul Dr. Partenie Ciopron. O viață închinată Bisericii și Armatei Române (1896-1980). La 125 ani de la nașterea sa, Ed. Editgraph, Buzău, 2021, 663 p. în Anuarul Institutului de Istorie George Barițiu din Cluj-Napoca, Historica, XLI, 2022, p.442-445.more
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Responsabilitatea pentru conținutul fiecărui articol publicat, conform legislației în vigoare, revine exclusiv autorilor.
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Valentin Ciorbea, Mănăstirea Dintr-un Lemn: un complex monahal unic în România. Monografie istorică. Dintr-un Lemn Monastery: a unique monastic complex in Romania. Historical Monograph, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Oamenilor de Ştiinţă din România, 2020, 443 p., în TABOR, XVI, 11/2022, p. 114-117.more
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Răzvan Mihai Neagu, Formarea elitei ortodoxe din Transilvania, Banat și Crișana la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea și începutul secolului al XX-lea. Studenți români din Transilvania, Banat și Crișana la Facultatea de Teologie din Cernăuți (1875-1918), Ed. Școala Ardeleană/Ed. Mega, Cluj, 2018, 697 p.more
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Liliana Popa, Sașii la răscruce de vremi. Însemnări ale unor preoți sași din Transilvania din vremea Primului Război Mondial, studiu introductiv Ioan-Nicolae Popa, traducere din limba germană Liliana Popa și Monica Hriscu, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Curs, 2018, 314 p. recenzie în Astra Salvensis, 1/2020.more
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Dr. Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan recenzează traducerea românească nouă a Jurnalului lui Paul din Alep, „Călătoria în Moldova și Valahia”, București-Brăila, 2014.