Larbi Boudad
UNIVERSITE MOHAMED V RABAT, Geology, Faculty Member
- Quaternary Sedimentology and Geomorphology, Fluvial Sedimentology, OSL datations,Middle Palaeolithic, Uranium series dating, Coastal Sedimentology, Sea level Research, and 17 moreGeoarchaeology, Palaeohazards, Tsunami, Geologie, North African MSA, Prehistoric Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Quaternary Geology, Sea Level, Géologie Des Bassins Sédimentaires, Géologie Structurale, Anthropology, Archaeology, Heritage Conservation, Mediterranean prehistory, Middle East & North Africa, and Moroccoedit
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Amiot Romain, Buffetaut Éric, Lecuyer Christophe, Boudad Larbi, Hutt Steven, Mo Jin You, Suteethorn Varavudh, Sweetman Steven, Tong Haiyan, Wang Xu, Fusong Zhang. Were some dinosaurs aquatic?. In: Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie,... more
Amiot Romain, Buffetaut Éric, Lecuyer Christophe, Boudad Larbi, Hutt Steven, Mo Jin You, Suteethorn Varavudh, Sweetman Steven, Tong Haiyan, Wang Xu, Fusong Zhang. Were some dinosaurs aquatic?. In: Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie, Lyon, n°164, 2008. Mid-Mesozoic life and environments. Cognac (France), June 24th-28th 2008. pp. 7-8
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The modeling of caves is constantly evolving and the classic modeling tools are giving way to new techniques that are more precise and more practical, indeed scientists are increasingly using 3D modeling to improve the representations of... more
The modeling of caves is constantly evolving and the classic modeling tools are giving way to new techniques that are more precise and more practical, indeed scientists are increasingly using 3D modeling to improve the representations of caves, in this study we have used lasergrammetry and photogrammetry which occupy an increasing place in the 3D representation of caves. Their simplicity favors their use for recording and modeling the parietal morphology of caves and the detailed representation of the complexity of Endokarst. As part of the geomorphological study of the Kef El Baroud Cave which is located in the province of Benslimane in Morocco, two modeling methods were carried out, it is a digital survey by lasergrammetry and by photogrammetry of the cave. and its parietal morphologies. The study was completed by a topographical survey with a DistoX rangefinder. The geophysical contribution by electrical tomography was also carried out. The 3D terrestrial laser scanning technique...
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To model the geothermal flow in northern Morocco, we apply a machine learning (ML) approach by analyzing the geological and geophysical data at boreholes, where direct heat flow data is available. The data includes geothermal flow,... more
To model the geothermal flow in northern Morocco, we apply a machine learning (ML) approach by analyzing the geological and geophysical data at boreholes, where direct heat flow data is available. The data includes geothermal flow, geothermal gradient, Bouguer gravity, aero-magnetic field, tectonic fracture density and the proximity level to the major faults, thermal spring data (location, temperature, density), geochronological age of formations, Earthquake data (density, magnitude, location), and the proximity level to the recent volcanism in Morocco. These data represent factors that generally control the spatial variation of geothermal flow. For this purpose, we used four ML techniques: Multi-Layer Perceptron, Support Vector Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Decision trees, and examined the impact of parameter settings for each ML technique on the performance results. In specifically, we examine two parameter tuning methods: Grid Search (GS) and the Python Tool’s default parameters. To determine the significance of the performance differences and rank ML techniques according to their performances, the Skott-Knott test, and the Borda Count voting system were investigated. We identified the optimized MLP by means of GS as the best ML technique. The cartographic representation of predicted geothermal flow values, by the optimized MLP (GS + MLP) model over the northern Morocco, shows areas of high geothermal flow values. These areas often correspond to magmatic intrusions at depth connected to the regional geodynamic context. The lowest values of geothermal flow are less than 40 mW m-2 and are mainly predicted in the Anti-Atlas chain of Precambrian age and in which is part of the West African Craton. This method is a new approach that may help to identify areas with high geothermal potential based on geological and geophysical data.
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The well-known travertines of the Imouzzer Ida Ou Tanane great waterfall, lying to-day under a semi-arid climateand high anthropic erosional conditions, are for the first time dated by the U/Th-TIMS method. The preliminaryresults give 5... more
The well-known travertines of the Imouzzer Ida Ou Tanane great waterfall, lying to-day under a semi-arid climateand high anthropic erosional conditions, are for the first time dated by the U/Th-TIMS method. The preliminaryresults give 5 dates at 434,3 + 97,5 – 52,8 ky, 296,6 + 16,4 – 14,5 ky, 48,4 ± 0,7 ky, 36,1 ±1 ky, 15,4 ± 0,3 ky BP,and allowed to recognize at least 4 main periods of travertine aggradation during the MIS 12 (?) or more, MIS 9 or 8, 3 and 2. During MIS 9, 7, 5, 4 and the LGM, phases of deep fluvial linear, non-anthropic incision occurred, mainlyduring MIS 5 and the LGM. These results are consistent with the surrounding Late Quaternary evolution (Weisrock& al., 2006) and previous results of other travertines of Morocco (Rousseau & al., 2006).Les travertins bien connus des grandes cascades d'Imouzzer Ida Ou Tanane, aujourd'hui soumis à un climat semi aride et à une forte érosion anthropique, sont datés pour la première fois par la méthode U/Th-TIMS. Les résu...
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The Early–Mid Holocene transition is a period of profound changes in climatic mechanisms and hydrological features in Europe and North Africa. The melting of the Laurentide ice sheet led to an oceanic and atmospheric reorganisation in the... more
The Early–Mid Holocene transition is a period of profound changes in climatic mechanisms and hydrological features in Europe and North Africa. The melting of the Laurentide ice sheet led to an oceanic and atmospheric reorganisation in the North Atlantic, while the Mediterranean underwent a major hydrological shift. The impacts on Mediterranean rivers remain unclear, as there are few records documenting responses to the 8.2 ka event (the main Holocene climatic degradation). We present a fluvial record from Eastern Morocco documenting detailed hydrological variations from 8200 to 7500 cal. BP and their climatic forcing. A major hydrogeomorphic evolution of the Charef River occurred at that time, marked by two major incision stages close in time, under hyper-arid conditions at 8200 and ca. 7500 cal. BP. The impacts of these phenomena on the alluvial plains and associated archaeological records during Neolithisation, a major process in human history, currently remain unidentified. This ...
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From the middle of the 19th century, speleological topography became a discipline, if not an art, which supported the work of both explorers and scientists. Underground explorations in Morocco remain an area to be discovered and... more
From the middle of the 19th century, speleological topography became a discipline, if not an art, which supported the work of both explorers and scientists. Underground explorations in Morocco remain an area to be discovered and developed. The Moroccan 99,890 km² limestone surface, represents 14% of the total surface which potentially contains a large number of caves, only 3 of them are developed. This under-exploitation is explained by the lack of evaluation of the richness of Morocco’s karst and cave heritage, the topographic maps of Moroccan Caves are poorly carried out or absent, the last inventory of Moroccan Caves dates from 1981.The objective of this study is to represent the AZIZA Cave virtually, appreciate its volume, and optimize the topography of the latter based on 3D technologies. Two methods were used, the topography of the cave by a DISTO-X, and the results of the 3D projection of the cave were carried out on the software VISUAL TOPO. Secondly, we carried out 3D model...
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La frange littorale de la region de Rabat-Temara et de ses environs constitue une archive geologique remarquable. Elle documente la periode s'etalant du Pleistocene inferieur jusqu'a l'Actuel. L'interet de ce secteur... more
La frange littorale de la region de Rabat-Temara et de ses environs constitue une archive geologique remarquable. Elle documente la periode s'etalant du Pleistocene inferieur jusqu'a l'Actuel. L'interet de ce secteur reside dans la diversite des facies et des environnements sedimentaires materialises par une serie sedimentaire detaillee. L'etude pluridisciplinaire que nous avons menee et qui se base sur une approche morphologique, lithostratigraphique, sedimentologique et geochronologique, nous a permis d'identifier des paleorivages du Quaternaire fossilises au sein des deux derniers cordons littoraux de la region de Rabat-Temara. Le cordon interne, qui porte la falaise morte, presente une morphologie similaire avec le cordon externe, qui porte la falaise vive, sauf que le cordon interne a continue son evolution karstique loin de l'erosion littorale marine. Les depots littoraux s'organisent en trois sequences sedimentaires tantot emboitees, tantot sup...
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Natural disasters like floods are happening worldwide. Due to their negative impact on different social, economic and environmental aspects need to monitor and map these phenomena have increased. In fact, to access the zones affected by... more
Natural disasters like floods are happening worldwide. Due to their negative impact on different social, economic and environmental aspects need to monitor and map these phenomena have increased. In fact, to access the zones affected by the flood, we use open source remote sensing (RS) images acquired by optical and radar sensors. Furthermore, we present a method using Sentinel-1 images; we suggest applying Ground Range Detected (GRD) images. For this purpose, pre-processed built and provided by the European Space Agency (ESA), preserved by free software Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) for data extraction around appropriate demand. Moreover, the principal objective of this article is to assess the capability of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in order to visualize flood areas in the Inaouene watershed located in north-eastern of Morocco. The origin of this natural hazard is the combination of natural and anthropogenic factors that makes the watershed vulnerable with a sub-annual frequency. The results of this work help decision-makers and managers in the field of natural risk management and land-use planning to implement a strategy and action plan for the protection of the populations and the environment against the negative impact of floods.
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The present work focuses on the prioritization of the wadi Inaouène watershed based on morphometric analysis. The river system was extracted and thirteen sub-catchment basins have been delineated from a DTM using open source software. The... more
The present work focuses on the prioritization of the wadi Inaouène watershed based on morphometric analysis. The river system was extracted and thirteen sub-catchment basins have been delineated from a DTM using open source software. The following morphometric parameters were calculated for each sub-basin stream length (Lu) and the average length (Lsm), flow length ratio (RL), bifurcation ratio (Rb), medium bifurcation ratio (RBM), drainage density (Dd), drainage texture (T), the flow rate (Fs), elongation rate (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), form factor (Ff), topography and terrain ratio. By combining the values of these parameters we have classified the sub-watersheds in three prioritization categories: high grade (SBV01, SBV04, SBV05, SBV06, SBV11 and SBV12), is subject to a maximum soil erosion, which requires immediate action to prevent possible natural hazards, the Average category (SBV02, SBV03, SBV07, SBV08, SBV09 and SBV10) and low grade (SBV13).
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The Chaara cave is a natural karst cavity, located in the Middle Atlas of Morocco, shaped by water over millions of years. It is an active underground river, containing several galleries spread over two floors. The exploration of this... more
The Chaara cave is a natural karst cavity, located in the Middle Atlas of Morocco, shaped by water over millions of years. It is an active underground river, containing several galleries spread over two floors. The exploration of this cave led to the discovery of a teleosauroid crocodylomorph at the level of the dolomitic limestone of the earliest Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian). A detailed paleontological study of the specimen's skull and nested mandible was carried out based on combinations of key morphological characteristics, but to the material does not allow an advanced assignment the Moroccan specimen to a genus level. A geological, topographical, and photogrammetric study was also carried out for the development of this discovery, which is a first in the region. A 3D model of the findings was made to reconstruct this finding. The extraction of the fossil is not possible, a molding was made to keep its imprint and allow its development as a paleontological heritage. Most known teleosauroids have been recovered from Europe, and they are particularly rare outside of Europe. In Africa, they are known from several localities in Tunisia, Ethiopia, Morocco and Madagascar. Most of the remains are fragmentary and only three species have been named, Machimosaurus rex, Machimosaurus nowackianus and Steneosaurus baroni. The temporal and geographical appearance of the first thalattosuchian in Africa remains highly discussed and not well understood thus, the discovery of new remains in Morocco in the dolomitic limestone of the earliest Jurassic is of great interest, as it represents the oldest known African thalattosuchian. It demonstrates that the geographical origin of thalattosuchians cannot currently be assessed because they were widely distributed as soon as the earliest Jurassic.
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L'etude menee sur les deux derniers cordons (Pleistocene moyen-Pleistocene superieur) subparalleles a la ligne de rivage actuelle au secteur de Rabat-Temara permet de proposer des reconstitutions des paysages frequentes par les... more
L'etude menee sur les deux derniers cordons (Pleistocene moyen-Pleistocene superieur) subparalleles a la ligne de rivage actuelle au secteur de Rabat-Temara permet de proposer des reconstitutions des paysages frequentes par les ateriens, dont les occupations ont ete retrouvees dans les grottes de la falaise ouljienne. Les paysages littoraux ont beaucoup evolue depuis le Pleistocene superieur, en lien avec les oscillations eustatiques elles-memes controlees par les variations climatiques mondiales. A l'echelle regionale, les occupations humaines et non-humaines (carnivores) sont ainsi replacees dans leur contexte chronologique et paleoclimatique.
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espanolLa zona norte del Sahara es muy rica en restos prehistoricos, testigos de las diferentes ocupaciones humanas durante los periodos comprendidos entre el Paleolitico inferior y el Neolitico. Los yacimientos de superficie... more
espanolLa zona norte del Sahara es muy rica en restos prehistoricos, testigos de las diferentes ocupaciones humanas durante los periodos comprendidos entre el Paleolitico inferior y el Neolitico. Los yacimientos de superficie identificados en el sureste de Marruecos son numerosos y presentan una gran riqueza en cuanto al material litico perteneciente a diferentes civilizaciones. El inventario o la cartografia a nivel de superficie de estos yacimientos del norte del Sahara nos ha permitido la distincion entre dos tipos de yacimientos: los del periodo Achelense, que habitualmente estan presentes en los depositos de materias primas, compuestos principalmente de areniscas y cuarcitas. Las diferentes operaciones llevadas a cabo para adquisicion de soportes tanto para moldear como para el corte se basan en los metodos Levallois y Kombewa. En cuanto a los yacimientos del Paleolitico medio o superior, la materia prima cambia por la proximidad a las Hamadas Cretacicas ricas en silex y, a men...
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La caracterisation sedimentologique, mineralogique et chronologique des depots du Quaternaire terminal du Tafilalt, permet d’avoir une reconstitution des paleoenvironnements sedimentaires en fonction des variations climatiques. Plusieurs... more
La caracterisation sedimentologique, mineralogique et chronologique des depots du Quaternaire terminal du Tafilalt, permet d’avoir une reconstitution des paleoenvironnements sedimentaires en fonction des variations climatiques. Plusieurs unites sedimentaires, separees par des phases d’erosions, ont ete distinguees au sein du Soltanien terminal, du Rharbien moyen et superieur du Tafilalt. La mineralogie des sediments montre un materiel d’origine atlasique et hamadienne. Une partie de ce materiel est de type eolien provenant essentiellement de l’Anti-Atlas. Au debut du Soltanien terminal, la dynamique sedimentaire a debute par un materiel a caractere fluvio-torrentiel sous un climat aride ; ensuite le retour vers des conditions plus humides favorise la mise en place de depots fins. A l’Holocene, apres une erosion generalisee, une phase de comblement se met en place avec une sedimentation un peu plus sableuse ce qui temoigne d’une phase aride. Aridite qui a perdure jusqu’a l’actuel avec une recurrence humide au Rharbien historique enregistree par des niveaux hydromorphes. Les travertins se sont mis en place dans la region, depuis le stade isotopique 9 jusqu’au stade isotopique 2.
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The mid-Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from south-eastern Morocco is one of the most diversified continental vertebrate assemblages of this time worldwide. The bony fish component (coelacanths, lungfishes and ray-finned fishes) is... more
The mid-Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from south-eastern Morocco is one of the most diversified continental vertebrate assemblages of this time worldwide. The bony fish component (coelacanths, lungfishes and ray-finned fishes) is represented by relatively complete specimens and, mostly, by fragmentary elements scattered along 250 kilometres of outcrops. Here we revisit the bony fish assemblage by studying both isolated remains collected during several fieldtrips and more complete material kept in public collections. The assemblage comprises several lungfish taxa, with the first mention of the occurrence of Arganodus tiguidiensis, and possibly two mawsoniid coelacanths. A large bichir cf. Bawitius, is recorded and corresponds to cranial elements initially referred to 'Stromerichthys' from coeval deposits in Egypt. The ginglymodians were diversified with a large 'Lepidotes' plus two obaichthyids and a gar. We confirm here that this gar belongs to a genus distinctive...
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Les formations quaternaires de la region cotiere atlantique de Temara (SO de Rabat, Maroc) forment de longs cordons littoraux allonges, subparalleles au trait de cote. Plusieurs etudes anciennes ont aborde leur constitution et leur âge,... more
Les formations quaternaires de la region cotiere atlantique de Temara (SO de Rabat, Maroc) forment de longs cordons littoraux allonges, subparalleles au trait de cote. Plusieurs etudes anciennes ont aborde leur constitution et leur âge, mais leurs conclusions restent contradictoires. Cette etude porte sur l’analyse morpho-litho-stratigraphique du cordon littoral consolide le plus recent. Il en ressort une structure commune a l’ensemble du cordon, ou dominent des calcarenites eoliennes au sein desquelles s’intercale un depot supratidal. Les observations stratigraphiques sont completees par des datations OSL montrant que la totalite des unites constituant ce cordon s’est mise en place au cours du sous-stade isotopique 5c.
Research Interests: Stratigraphy, Morocco, OSL dating, Quaternary, Lithology, and 5 moreMaroc, Stratigraphie, Quaternaire, Calcarenite, and Lithologie
L’obtention de trois dates AMS sur collagene humain de l’individu H3 decouvert en 1996 dans la couche 2 d’El Harhoura 2 est l’occasion de faire le bilan sur nos connaissances de cette phase d’occupation. A partir des donnees des fouilles... more
L’obtention de trois dates AMS sur collagene humain de l’individu H3 decouvert en 1996 dans la couche 2 d’El Harhoura 2 est l’occasion de faire le bilan sur nos connaissances de cette phase d’occupation. A partir des donnees des fouilles anciennes et recentes, le contexte stratigraphique et culturel de l’individu H3 est discute. L’âge estime, d’environ 12 ka, permet de replacer cet individu dans le contexte chronologique plus large du Paleolithique superieur de la region de Temara et du Maroc.
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Research Interests: Art and Quaternaire
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Typologie morphologique et pétrographie des travertins plio-quaternaires du géosystème karstique de l'Oued Aggai (Causse de Sefrou, Moyen-At las, Maroc). Moussa K. et Boualla N. La sédimentation plio-quaternaire d'Oran (Ouest... more
Typologie morphologique et pétrographie des travertins plio-quaternaires du géosystème karstique de l'Oued Aggai (Causse de Sefrou, Moyen-At las, Maroc). Moussa K. et Boualla N. La sédimentation plio-quaternaire d'Oran (Ouest Algérie) : Aspects stratigraphiques et sédimentologiques. Géomorphologie, lithostratigraphie et sédimentologie des dépôts quaternaires du bassin hydrographique de l'Oued Salloum (région Sidi Abdalwahid, extrémité sud-est de la boutonnière d'Ahouli-Mibladane, Stratigraphie , sédimentologie et âge de la formation du cordon littoral « post-ouljien » de Témara (sud-ouest de Rabat,Maroc). Etude préliminaire d'une formation palustre holocène du bassin d'Ouarzazate à Skoura (sud-est du Maroc) Apport de l'observation du paysage côtier actuel et de l'organisation des séquences littorales sur la paléogéographie du pléistocène récent au nord-ouest de Rabat (Maroc). Reconstitution de l'environnement lacustre actuel et de l'évolution ...
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Typologie morphologique et pétrographie des travertins plio-quaternaires du géosystème karstique de l'Oued Aggai (Causse de Sefrou, Moyen-At las, Maroc). Moussa K. et Boualla N. La sédimentation plio-quaternaire d'Oran (Ouest... more
Typologie morphologique et pétrographie des travertins plio-quaternaires du géosystème karstique de l'Oued Aggai (Causse de Sefrou, Moyen-At las, Maroc). Moussa K. et Boualla N. La sédimentation plio-quaternaire d'Oran (Ouest Algérie) : Aspects stratigraphiques et sédimentologiques. Géomorphologie, lithostratigraphie et sédimentologie des dépôts quaternaires du bassin hydrographique de l'Oued Salloum (région Sidi Abdalwahid, extrémité sud-est de la boutonnière d'Ahouli-Mibladane, Stratigraphie , sédimentologie et âge de la formation du cordon littoral « post-ouljien » de Témara (sud-ouest de Rabat,Maroc). Etude préliminaire d'une formation palustre holocène du bassin d'Ouarzazate à Skoura (sud-est du Maroc) Apport de l'observation du paysage côtier actuel et de l'organisation des séquences littorales sur la paléogéographie du pléistocène récent au nord-ouest de Rabat (Maroc). Reconstitution de l'environnement lacustre actuel et de l'évolution ...
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Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
Karst pockets of the Rabat-Temara coastal area (northwestern Morocco) contain archeosedimentary in filling covering the entire Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. Thus, they have key role in researches focusing on North African Prehistory,... more
Karst pockets of the Rabat-Temara coastal area (northwestern Morocco) contain archeosedimentary in filling covering the entire Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. Thus, they have key role in researches focusing on North African Prehistory, due to their archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records. These cavities are known to be caves dug by the ouljien sea in calcarenite (marine and/or eolian) of Middle Pleistocene age. In light of observations on several recent and fossil caves, we discuss the formation mechanisms as well as the chronology of the shaping process, the morphology and the evolution of cave systems. We also describe the sedimentary deposits of these coastal caves according to the different stages of deposit.
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The Mediterranean area is particularly sensitive to environmental changes. In Morocco, research undertaken over the past ten years has shown that continental sedimentary archives are useful to document Holocene environmental and climatic... more
The Mediterranean area is particularly sensitive to environmental changes. In Morocco, research undertaken over the past ten years has shown that continental sedimentary archives are useful to document Holocene environmental and climatic variability. However, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction using non-marine molluscs is in an early stage of research. This paper aims to present a new chronostratigraphical and malacological analysis from a Middle-Holocene and Upper Pleistocene tufa sequence in the Middle Atlas (Ait-Said-ou-Idder). Results highlight that the lower part of the sequence is dated from the Upper Pleistocene which corresponds to a fluvio-paludal model of deposition. Radiocarbon dates assign the upper part of the sequence to the Middle Holocene. During the Pleistocene phase, the environment is a reed swamp that turns to permanent body water. During the Middle Holocene, three main environmental phases have been identified. Between 6600 and 6100 cal BP, a mesophilic environment is characterised by open and dry areas with some paludal zone. Between 6100 and 5600 cal BP, a durable marshland developed. Between 5600 and 4600 cal BP, the paludal zone tended to disappear while an open and sclerophyllous environment developed. The malacological study provides important elements to the construction of a Holocene malacological framework in Morocco initiated at Blirh (Upper Moulouya). Both records identify a drastic switch to environmental aridification at the end of the Middle Holocene. By recording at the same time local evolution and regional trends and events, Ait Said ou Idder results provide material to understand environmental variability in north-eastern Morocco.
Research Interests: Geology and Quaternaire
Resume L’analyse lithologique et sequentielle des depots constituant le deuxieme cordon littoral de la region de Rabat-Temara montre que ce cordon est polycyclique, compose de trois sequences regressives superposees ou emboitees. Une... more
Resume L’analyse lithologique et sequentielle des depots constituant le deuxieme cordon littoral de la region de Rabat-Temara montre que ce cordon est polycyclique, compose de trois sequences regressives superposees ou emboitees. Une discussion detaillee de l’âge de ces sequences et de la relation de leur mise en place vis-a-vis des variations eustatiques est menee en se basant sur les datations radiometriques effectuees sur ce cordon, sur le premier cordon et sur le remplissage des grottes prehistoriques. Les sequences identifiees traduisent une progradation d’un prisme littoral, avec evolution de depot d’un milieu marin vers un milieu continental. La premiere sequence (sequence 1) se forme au cours des stades isotopiques marins (MIS) 9 a 11. La deuxieme sequence (sequence 2) est deposee pendant le MIS 7 et l’edification de son sommet pourrait se poursuivre lors du MIS 6. La troisieme et derniere sequence (sequence 3) se forme durant le MIS 5.