High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering... more
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, an...
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Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with,... more
Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean syst...
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Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of... more
Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18·5 kg/m(2) [underweight], 18·5 kg/m(2) to <20 kg/m(2), 20 kg/m(2) to <25 kg/m(2), 25 kg/m(2) to…
Research Interests: Demography, Medical Sciences, Global Health, Forecasting, Developing Countries, and 15 moreAdolescent, Medicine, Humans, Female, Male, Global trends, Body Mass Index, Obesidad, Developed Countries, Adult, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Bayes Theorem, FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR, Confidence Interval, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Search by Subject Search using Medical Subject Headings (< b> MeSH</b>), a controlled vocabulary for indexing life sciences content.< br/> Note that some records do not have MeSH. These include Patents and the latest... more
Search by Subject Search using Medical Subject Headings (< b> MeSH</b>), a controlled vocabulary for indexing life sciences content.< br/> Note that some records do not have MeSH. These include Patents and the latest PubMed and PubMed Central records.
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Research Interests: Demography and Medicine
Six anthropometric indicators based on weight, height, arm circumference (AC), and age were examined to predict mortality risk of children aged 12-59 mo in a rural area of Teknaf, Bangladesh. In the period 1981-85, 9861 measurements at... more
Six anthropometric indicators based on weight, height, arm circumference (AC), and age were examined to predict mortality risk of children aged 12-59 mo in a rural area of Teknaf, Bangladesh. In the period 1981-85, 9861 measurements at 6-mo intervals were made on 2449 children. For all indices mortality risk was greater in the first 3 mo than in the second 3 mo in severely malnourished children. Mortality discriminating power of the indicators in terms of sensitivity and specificity was highest for AC and AC for age and lowest for weight-for-height. Logistic regression analysis showed that the predictive power of weight-, height-, and age-based indicators improved after adding AC whereas predictive power of AC did not improve after adding weight-based indicators. The relative risk of death in children with ACs measuring less than or equal to 120 mm was 12 times higher than in those whose ACs measured greater than 140 mm.
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In two villages of Bangladesh, 2471 infants born in 1976 and 1977 were followed up for a year to study the impact of environmental sanitation and crowding on their mortality. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in the study cohort... more
In two villages of Bangladesh, 2471 infants born in 1976 and 1977 were followed up for a year to study the impact of environmental sanitation and crowding on their mortality. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in the study cohort were 100 and 75 per 1000 live-births, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the effects of the selected risk factors while controlling for some socioeconomic, demographic, and biological characteristics. Risk of postneonatal mortality (PNNM) in the households which did not use latrines was 3 X 12 times (p less than 0.01) higher than in those which did and 1.5 times (p less than 0.05) higher in the households with 10 or more persons than in smaller households. PNNM in the households which did not use tube-wells (hand-pump) water was higher, but not significantly so, than in those which used tube-well water for all purposes. Neonatal mortality was completely unrelated to the environmental factors investigated.
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The prevalence of asthma depends on both hereditary and environmental factors. Knowledge of the effects of environmental and congenital factors on the frequency of occurrence of asthma may provide important clues to its pathogenesis and... more
The prevalence of asthma depends on both hereditary and environmental factors. Knowledge of the effects of environmental and congenital factors on the frequency of occurrence of asthma may provide important clues to its pathogenesis and prevention. The Polish Multicentre Study of Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases was designed to obtain estimates representative of the entire Polish population to assess asthma prevalence and risk factors. Thirty-three areas were selected in 11 regions of Poland. Epidemiologic diagnoses of asthma were verified by a single recognized expert in each region on the basis of collected data as well as available medical documentation, in accordance with the 1997 guidelines of the Global Initiative for Asthma. Ambient air concentrations of sulfur dioxide and suspended particulates (black smoke) were measured directly or estimated by statistical modelling. Results were obtained for asthma in 16 238 subjects, including 3268 children (aged 3 to 16 years) and 12 9...
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Several studies indicated that short-term increases in concentration of pollution in the atmosphere of a town may result in increased mortality in the days following the episode. To evaluate this relationship we analyzed data on daily... more
Several studies indicated that short-term increases in concentration of pollution in the atmosphere of a town may result in increased mortality in the days following the episode. To evaluate this relationship we analyzed data on daily mortality in Cracow, Poland, in the period 1977-1989 and data on daily concentrations of suspended particulates (PM 20) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the town area. This analysis was restricted to winter months. In 1167 winter days, an average of 18.4 deaths of Cracow residents occurred daily. PM 20 concentration exceeded 300 micrograms/m3 in 21%, and SO2 exceeded 200 micrograms/m3 in 19% of those days. The correlation coefficient of the daily number of deaths with the air pollution in the 24 hours preceding the day of death was 0.093 (p < 0.01) for PM 20, and was 0.141 (p < 0.001) for SO2. Similar correlations were found for air pollution levels in the four days preceding death, and the correlation decreased for earlier days. The effects were more...
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The air pollution concentrations of SO2 and suspended particulate matter in 1993 in one Polish city Poznan and over entire Poland have been modeled and mapped. The data for Poznan were obtained during special epidemiological study by... more
The air pollution concentrations of SO2 and suspended particulate matter in 1993 in one Polish city Poznan and over entire Poland have been modeled and mapped. The data for Poznan were obtained during special epidemiological study by means of a dense network of passive samples and the data for Poland were obtained from the routine network operated by Sanitary Epidemiological Stations. The modeling employed the kriging method of ARC/INFO computer package. It was found that about 1/3 of Polish population was exposed to the SO2 and/or SPM level that exceeded annual recommended values. In Poznan 25% of children aged 8-9 years were exposed to SO2 level above 100 during heating season 1992/1993.
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Research Interests: Epidemiology, Asthma, Medicine, Humans, Female, and 4 moreMale, Spirometry, Adult, and physical exertion
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Since the successful transition to a freely elected parliament and a market economy after 1989, Poland is now a stable democracy and is well represented within political and economic organizations in Europe and worldwide. The strongly... more
Since the successful transition to a freely elected parliament and a market economy after 1989, Poland is now a stable democracy and is well represented within political and economic organizations in Europe and worldwide. The strongly centralized health system based on the Semashko model was replaced with a decentralized system of mandatory health insurance, complemented with financing from state and territorial self-government budgets. There is a clear separation of health care financing and provision: the National Health Fund (NFZ) the sole payer in the system is in charge of health care financing and contracts with public and non-public health care providers. The Ministry of Health is the key policy-maker and regulator in the system and is supported by a number of advisory bodies, some of them recently established. Health insurance contributions, borne entirely by employees, are collected by intermediary institutions and are pooled by the NFZ and distributed between the 16 region...
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SummaryThis study examines the relationship between eight socio-demographic variables and the risk of pregnancy loss in a rural area of Bangladesh. The risks of spontaneous miscarriage and stillbirth were significantly associated with... more
SummaryThis study examines the relationship between eight socio-demographic variables and the risk of pregnancy loss in a rural area of Bangladesh. The risks of spontaneous miscarriage and stillbirth were significantly associated with maternal age, pregnancy order and previous pregnancy wastage.
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Background Previous studies have reported large socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention, but it is unclear whether these can be attributed to inequalities in access or quality of health... more
Background Previous studies have reported large socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention, but it is unclear whether these can be attributed to inequalities in access or quality of health care, or to confounding influences such as inequalities in background risk of diseases. We therefore studied whether inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention vary between countries in patterns which differ from those observed for other (non-amenable) causes of death. More specifically, we hypothesized that, as compared to non-amenable causes, inequalities in mortality from amenable causes are more strongly associated with inequalities in health care use and less strongly with inequalities in common risk factors for disease such as smoking. Methods Cause-specific mortality data for people aged 30–74 years were obtained for 14 countries, and were analysed by calculating age-standardized mortality rates and relative risks...
Research Interests: Biostatistics, Quality of Mental Health Care, Public Health, Mortality, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Europe, Inequality, Psychological Intervention, Risk factors, Socioeconomic Status, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Educational Status, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Quality of health care, and healthcare disparities
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Background:Sleep disturbances are one of the most common underdiagnosed and undertreated health problems among the adult population.Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping problems and their relation to... more
Background:Sleep disturbances are one of the most common underdiagnosed and undertreated health problems among the adult population.Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping problems and their relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the Polish population, based on the results of the National Health Interview Survey carried out by the Central Statistical Office in 1996.Methods:A stratified sampling scheme, involving two steps, was used. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs and their 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. Assessment of sleep-related problems was based on six questions. A representative Polish sample (47 924 non-institutionalized, adult respondents) was interviewed.Results:Nearly one-fourth of Polish inhabitants suffered from insomnia. The percentage was significantly higher among women (28.1%) than among men (18.1%). The prevalence of insomnia increased with age and was highest in divorced respondents. Respondents of both sex...
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Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions... more
Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA1c (HbA1c ≥6·5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG ≥7·0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT ≥11·1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey d...
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Research Interests: Human Geography, Epidemiology, Air pollution, Mortality, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Europe, Disease, North America, Local adaptation, Ozone, Particulate Matter, Overdispersion, Nitrogen Dioxide, Epidemiologic Studies, Air Pollutants, Health Outcome, confounding, Hospital Admission, and Diagnostic Tool
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Poland, classified as a high-income country, is still considered to have a high cardiovascular risk population. During the last decade, the standards of care in acute stroke (AS) had... more
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Poland, classified as a high-income country, is still considered to have a high cardiovascular risk population. During the last decade, the standards of care in acute stroke (AS) had markedly improved; thus, we aimed to assess whether and how it translated into early and late outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Silesian Stroke Registry was created from the administrative database of the public, obligatory, health insurer in Poland. The AS cases were selected based on primary diagnosis coded in ICD-10 as I60-I64 for years 2006–2015 (<i>n</i> = 120,844). Index hospitalization together with data on re-hospitalizations, procedures, ambulatory visits, rehabilitation and all-cause deaths in a 1-year follow-up were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The rates of admissions per 100,000 adult population varied between 41–47 for haemorrhagic and 257–275 for ischaemic stroke with substantial decrease in almost all age groups except for the oldest patients. In ischaemic stroke, thrombolytic therapy raised from 0 to 8.8% in 2015, along with significant trends of decreasing 30-day (from 20 to 16%) and 12-month (from 35 to 31%) case fatality. In haemorrhagic stroke, case fatality had not changed. After ischaemic stroke, 12-month readmissions due to AS declined from 11–12% in 2006–2009 to 9% in 2010–2014. The percentage of patients benefiting from rehabilitation increased from 24 to 32%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a large population of industrial province, we showed recent, positive trends in AS admissions, treatment and 1-year outcomes. Development of stroke unit networks and increase in thrombolytic treatment were at least in part responsible for survival improvement and reduction of recurrence of AS. However, case-fatality and stroke recurrence remain high compared to those of other developed countries.
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Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (I00-I99; ICD-10) is known to be higher in deprived and polluted areas. This Polish district-level study focuses on a possible synergistic effect of deprivation and PM-10 concentration... more
Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (I00-I99; ICD-10) is known to be higher in deprived and polluted areas. This Polish district-level study focuses on a possible synergistic effect of deprivation and PM-10 concentration on mortality and hospitalised morbidity due to I00-I99 in 2015-2017. Methods This study concerns all 141 districts where PM-10 has been monitored by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. The Generalized Linear Model method was used to assess the contribution of PM-10 concentration, the deprivation index (DI, a published synthetic measure of district's social status), the percentage of urban dwellers in the district, and their interactions with PM-10 to age-standardised mortality and hospitalisation rates. Demographic data come from Statistics Poland, and the hospitalisation ones from NIPH-NIH. The analysis was conducted for males, females, their 65+ aged subcohorts, and general population. Results For all cohorts, PM-10 pollution s...
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Background Although time-series studies of the impact of air pollution on mortality are numerous in the literature there is noticeable lack of the results from multi-city studies in Poland. The aim of our analysis is to fill this gap and... more
Background Although time-series studies of the impact of air pollution on mortality are numerous in the literature there is noticeable lack of the results from multi-city studies in Poland. The aim of our analysis is to fill this gap and give estimates based on the most actual data. Methods A multi-city ecological time series analysis was carried out. A database contained a daily number of deaths from all causes (excluding external), by sex and age groups (below 65, 65 and more), PM10 and PM2.5 levels as well as meteorological conditions in 3 agglomerations and 19 big cities in Poland. The analysis was performed using generalized additive models. The distributed lag model method was used to investigate the mortality displacement phenomenon. Results Two versions of time-series analysis considering the level of air pollution from the current and previous day (acute effect) as well as from the past 30 days (allowing for mortality displacement) in the total population as well as in sub-...
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Research Interests: Environmental Science, Statistical Analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Air pollution, Public Health, and 14 moreMedicine, Humans, Europe, Ambient Air Pollution, Hospitalization, Health monitoring, Health Effect, Monitoring System, Epidemiologic Studies, Minimum Data Set, Air Quality Index, guidelines as topic, Hospital Admission, and Epidemiological monitoring
Background The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension and the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA)... more
Background The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension and the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults differ in approach to defining stages of hypertension and recommendations for treatment of high blood pressure. Purpose To contrast the implications of the ESC/ESH versus ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines among the general population in Poland – a country representing a high CVD risk region in Europe. Methods We used data from a representative random sample of 1439 Polish adults aged 40 to 79 from the research program NATPOL 2011. The analysis was weighted in order to reflect the structure of the population in Poland and was stratified by age and gender. We applied the ESC/ESH 10-year SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) and the ACC/AHA ASCVD (atheroscl...
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To ascertain whether measles vaccination was associated with reduced mortality rates in rural Bangladeshi children, the authors conducted a case-control study in four contiguous areas, two of which had participated in an intensive measles... more
To ascertain whether measles vaccination was associated with reduced mortality rates in rural Bangladeshi children, the authors conducted a case-control study in four contiguous areas, two of which had participated in an intensive measles vaccination program which began in the spring of 1982. Cases were 536 children who had died in the four-area region at the age of 10-60 months between April 1982 and December 1984. Two age- and sex-matched controls were selected from the four-area region for each case; each control had survived at least through the date of death of the matched case. Measles vaccination was associated with a 36% (95% confidence interval 21%-48%) proportionate reduction in the overall rate of death and a 57% (95% confidence interval 43%-67%) reduction in the rate of deaths directly attributed to measles or ascribed to diarrhea, respiratory illness, or malnutrition. The association of measles vaccination and reduced mortality remained unchanged after the authors restricted controls to children who had survived at least one year after the deaths of their matched cases. Moreover, children vaccinated in 1982 exhibited a sustained reduction in the rate of death in 1983 and 1984. The authors concluded that measles vaccination was associated with a pronounced and sustained reduction in the rate of death among children in this study.
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In 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation initiated an Environmental Management Project with a general aim to improve environmental conditions and associated human health [1]. An Environmental Epidemiology Component of the Russian... more
In 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation initiated an Environmental Management Project with a general aim to improve environmental conditions and associated human health [1]. An Environmental Epidemiology Component of the Russian Environmental Management Project was initiated to perform policy-oriented environmental epidemiology and risk assessment, and to establish systems for information transfer to decision-makers in environmental policy. Harvard School of Public Health, representing a broad group of international investigators, was chosen as a consultant to the Environmental Epidemiology Component.
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Research Interests: Obesity, Medicine, Poland, Methods, Humans, and 9 moreFemale, Male, Estimation, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Body Weight, Urban Population, and Skinfold Thickness
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Research Interests: Geography, Mortality, Medicine, Poland, Humans, and 6 moreFemale, Male, Life Expectancy, Morbidity, Urban Population, and Rural Population
Research Interests: Pediatrics, Asthma, Medicine, Poland, Humans, and 8 moreChronic Disease, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Bronchitis, and Chronic Bronchitis
The paper presents psychiatric problems included in national, health interview survey, recommended by the WHO, carried out by the Central Statistical Office in Poland in 1996. Authors are going to estimate the prevalence of a bad frame of... more
The paper presents psychiatric problems included in national, health interview survey, recommended by the WHO, carried out by the Central Statistical Office in Poland in 1996. Authors are going to estimate the prevalence of a bad frame of mind and neurosis among Polish adult people and try to appoint the relationships between psychiatric disorders and gender and place of residence. We estimated results in 49 provinces. There were significant differences between east and west Poland. People who live in eastern provinces have a worse psychological condition than western. Women have higher rate of these this psychiatric problems. We also found a major correlation between dissemination of a bad frame of mind and neurosis among men and women.
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The authors are going to estimate the prevalence poor frame of mind and neurosis among Polish adult people, and try to appoint the relationships between psychiatric disorders and gender, age, civil status, education and maintenance. The... more
The authors are going to estimate the prevalence poor frame of mind and neurosis among Polish adult people, and try to appoint the relationships between psychiatric disorders and gender, age, civil status, education and maintenance. The questionnaire contains questions about quality of sleep, possibility to fix one's attention on acting, inner tension, self-confidence. Almost 1/4 of women and 18% of men have poor frame of mind. We find very strong and important relationships between neurosis and the poor frame of mind. There were no differences in mental state between people living in towns and villages. The unemployed and the cripples have worse psychological condition than working men. People who are divorced and widowed have statistically more often poor frame of mind and neurosis than the married. We also found a major correlation between poor frame of mind and neurosis and education. Low education is connected with poor psychological condition.
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Air pollution concentration measurement in Poland are routinely carried on using aspiration methods. This technique required suitable measurement point preparation and its monitoring. During last years passive monitors are used more and... more
Air pollution concentration measurement in Poland are routinely carried on using aspiration methods. This technique required suitable measurement point preparation and its monitoring. During last years passive monitors are used more and more frequently for some air pollutants concentrations measurement. The above mentioned method is recommended when spatial differentiation of air pollution are analized. Results of such measurements carried of in the area of Poznań are presented in this contribution.
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The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate an association between selected factors of home environment and respiratory symptoms (wheezing/whistling) and asthma diagnosed by physician in 4333 children of age 7-8 years in Poznań. The data... more
The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate an association between selected factors of home environment and respiratory symptoms (wheezing/whistling) and asthma diagnosed by physician in 4333 children of age 7-8 years in Poznań. The data were collected within the scope of the EU funded multinational SAVIAH study. It was found that presence of the symptoms as well as asthma were significantly associated with presence of damp spots and/or mould at home and disturbance by traffic fumes and/or noise at home. The association of respiratory symptoms with ETS and presence of pets was less clear.
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In the present study of hospitalization rates during the period 1979-1990 for some of the diseases considered to be related to environmental contamination were analyzed. Selected diagnosis included malignant melanoma and other malignant... more
In the present study of hospitalization rates during the period 1979-1990 for some of the diseases considered to be related to environmental contamination were analyzed. Selected diagnosis included malignant melanoma and other malignant neoplasm of skin, malignant neoplasm of bladder, myeloid and monocytic leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue, spontaneous abortion and congenital anomalies. The performed analysis has shown that in 1979-1990 discharge rates had significant growing trends in the both urban and rural population in the case of malignant neoplasm of bladder, leukaemia, spontaneous abortion and congenital anomalies in infants. There were no significant trends in hospitalization of malignant melanoma and other malignant neoplasm of skin, aplastic anaemia and asthma.
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The main purpose of the paper was to compare the effects of outdoor and indoor air quality on the development of chronic respiratory diseases measured in the prospective study of chronic chest diseases among the inhabitants of Cracow,... more
The main purpose of the paper was to compare the effects of outdoor and indoor air quality on the development of chronic respiratory diseases measured in the prospective study of chronic chest diseases among the inhabitants of Cracow, Poland. The 5-year follow-up study covered a probability sample of 4355 adult inhabitants. Data on respiratory symptoms and lung function in addition to variables related to environmental and socioeconomic factors were included. To assess the separate and joint effects of the chosen environmental factors on chronic chest problems, the multiple logistic regression analysis has been carried out. As expected, smoking habit was the strongest single of the factors related to the persistence of the respiratory symptoms. The effect of smoking was more marked in men than in women and this can be attributed to longer duration of smoking and more cigarettes smoked daily by men. Out of all considered adverse occupational factors only chemicals increased the risk ...
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Death pattern was analysed in relation to age, sex, seasonality and yearly variation during 1966-1987 in Matlab upazila of Chandpur district, Bangladesh. The overall death rate due to diarrhoeal diseases and other causes fluctuated during... more
Death pattern was analysed in relation to age, sex, seasonality and yearly variation during 1966-1987 in Matlab upazila of Chandpur district, Bangladesh. The overall death rate due to diarrhoeal diseases and other causes fluctuated during the period. Diarrhoeal death rate varied between 2.0 and 4.0 per 1,000 population except during the war and famine periods of 1971 and 1974-1975 respectively when it was two times higher over the preceding period of five years&amp;amp;#39; average. On an average, more than 20% of all deaths appeared to be related to diarrhoea. The relative importance of diarrhoea as the cause of death did not diminish over time. Persistent diarrhoea caused more deaths than acute diarrhoea. At all times the highest diarrhoeal mortality rate was shown in children aged 1-4 years, specially in girls. Women aged under 20 years had a higher rate of diarrhoeal deaths than the men of similar age. November was the peak month of diarrhoeal deaths in this rural area. Introduction of the Maternity, Child Health-Family Planning (MCH-FP) services had significant impact of reducing diarrhoeal deaths as well as deaths from other causes.
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ABSTRACT ADHD is one of the most frequent developmental disorders in childhood. Adults also suffer from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prevalence estimates of ADHD in adult community samples (5%) are based on... more
ABSTRACT ADHD is one of the most frequent developmental disorders in childhood. Adults also suffer from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prevalence estimates of ADHD in adult community samples (5%) are based on American and West-European studies. Most of research though is concentrated on early ADHD symptoms. There are no sufficient data on clinical manifestation and scale of this problem in Poland.Objectives To assess prevalence (life and 12-month), access to psychiatric care and other clinical and sociodemographic aspects of ADHD in adult population in Poland (both contemporary and retrospective). The first Polish nationwide survey, Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Care (EZOP, Poland)” was included in the WHO&#39;s WMH.AimsThe aim of this paper is to present collected data on ADHD in community sample.Methods Composite International Diagnostic Interview (cidi capi v.3.1) was administered in random sample of Poles aged 18–65 (n = 10000). Data was collected from November 2010 to March 2011 by trained Millward Brown SMG/KRC interviewers.ResultsResponse rate is 50.4%. Prevalence estimated on the basis of retrospective reports in Screening Section is 2.2% for attention-deficit symptoms (2.5% for men and 1.9% for women) and 2.8% for hyperactivity symptoms (respectively 3.2% and 2.8%). Further analysis are in progress and detailed results will be known till December 2011.Conclusions Presented study will allow to introduce data on relation between intensity of early ADHD symptoms and it&#39;s later clinical manifestation. The identification of demographic factors influencing the course of the disorder and patterns of treatment will be possible.
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Prevalence of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mazowieckie province using interferon gamma release assay after stimulation with specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 Ocena częstości występowania zakażenia prątkiem... more
Prevalence of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mazowieckie province using interferon gamma release assay after stimulation with specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 Ocena częstości występowania zakażenia prątkiem gruźlicy w populacji województwa mazowieckiego na podstawie wyniku testu mierzącego uwalnianie interferonu gamma po stymulacji swoistymi antygenami ESAT-6 i CFP-10 Work financed with a grant from the Ministry of Education, No. 2P05D 045 30. Head of grant: Prof. Jan Kuś, MD PhD Introduction: Over 8000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) are diagnosed annually in Poland. People infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have a risk of active disease of around 10 % during their whole life, and the risk is highest in the first two years after infection. Recognizing infection before TB disease development enables prophylaxis against its activation and ceases transmission of infection. Knowledge about the proportion of infected people in the population is crucial to ...