Beliefs that are too rigid and misadjusted may legitimize interpersonal relationships marked by verbal, physical, or sexual violence. A systematic literature review was performed to identify the existence of maladaptive beliefs (MBs) in... more
Beliefs that are too rigid and misadjusted may legitimize interpersonal relationships marked by verbal, physical, or sexual violence. A systematic literature review was performed to identify the existence of maladaptive beliefs (MBs) in interpersonal relationships of young adults and their association with problematic behaviors. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, studies were obtained through a search in multiple databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. Of the 1,280 articles retrieved, 42 were retained for further analysis and 15 were considered eligible for inclusion. In addition, seven studies were added through manual search, leading to a final sample of 15 articles, published between 1964 and 2021. Only empirical studies with quantitative methodologies were included. Objectives, sample (age in years), sample type, country of origin of studies, instruments, control group, and results and main conclusions ...
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Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy involving genetic and environmental factors whose interaction might influence disease risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of milk-feeding practices and the HLA-DQ... more
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy involving genetic and environmental factors whose interaction might influence disease risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of milk-feeding practices and the HLA-DQ genotype on intestinal colonization of Bacteroides species in infants at risk of CD development. This study included 75 full-term newborns with at least one first-degree relative suffering from CD. Infants were classified according to milk-feeding practice (breast-feeding or formula feeding) and HLA-DQ genotype (high or low genetic risk). Stools were analyzed at 7 days, 1 month, and 4 months by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The Bacteroides species diversity index was higher in formula-fed infants than in breast-fed infants. Breast-fed infants showed a higher prevalence of Bacteroides uniformis at 1 and 4 months of age, while formula-fed infants had a higher prevalence of B. intestinalis at all sampling times, of B. caccae a...
Research Interests: Biology, Breeding, DNA damage, DNA repair, Aquaculture, and 15 moreBreastfeeding, Biological Sciences, Colonization, Celiac Disease, CS, Animals, Disease, Applied Environmental Microbiology, Aspergillus fumigatus, Eating, Breast feeding, Age Factors, Chemical Composition, Environment, and Alternaria
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. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature... more
. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature databases, through rigorous criteria (we included systematic reviews and empirical studies with adult human subjects), following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 174 documents obtained, 19 were considered eligible for inclusion and were retained for in-depth analysis. In addition, 13 studies from the manual search were included. Thus, a total of 32 studies were selected for review. The objectives/hypotheses, results, and the main conclusion(s) were extracted from each study. Results show that people with pronounced traits of impulsivity discount rewards more markedly, that is, they prefer immediate rewards, though of less value, or postponed losses, even though they worsen in the future. Taken together, the existing data suggest the importance of inserting DD as a tool for initial assessment in conjunction with measures of addiction and stress level, as well as the consideration of new therapies.
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The Triarchic Measure of Psychopathy (TriPM) was developed to assess manifest expressions of biobehavioural liabilities relevant to psychopathy and other forms of mental illness. Psychometric findings have been examined for a number of... more
The Triarchic Measure of Psychopathy (TriPM) was developed to assess manifest expressions of biobehavioural liabilities relevant to psychopathy and other forms of mental illness. Psychometric findings have been examined for a number of international translations of the TriPM, but further work is needed to evaluate its cross-cultural applicability and its properties in clinical versus nonclinical samples. The present study sought to evaluate the reliability and criterion-related validity and characterize the internal factor structure of the European Portuguese version of the TriPM in a large community sample (N = 1,833), and examine its ability to differentiate between community and prisoner (N = 240) samples. Reliability and criterion-related validity analysis supported the TriPM as an effective measure of psychopathic traits. Internal structure was characterized using exploratory structural equation modeling to specify bifactor models for the TriPM's three subscales and for the inventory as a whole; the model for each subscale included a general factor and a variable number of specific factors as determined by parallel analysis. These modeling analyses demonstrated unidimensionality for each TriPM subscale, and provided support for the triarchic structure of the TriPM as a whole. Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis showed that the disinhibition score, as assessed by the TriPM, is the most sensitive for differentiating between prisoner and community samples. Our results are in line with other reports regarding the psychometric properties of the TriPM and provide further evidence for the construct validity of the TriPM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health issue. Digital interventions are emerging as a promise to overcome known-barriers to accessing usual IPV services, which have been supporting and treating IPV victims or their... more
: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health issue. Digital interventions are emerging as a promise to overcome known-barriers to accessing usual IPV services, which have been supporting and treating IPV victims or their survivors, offering safer, more interactive, and real time access to help. Hence, a systematic review was carried out to identify and characterize current digital interventions to respond to IPV, including associated mental health conditions, and related outcomes among victims and survivors. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched in three databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. Last search was performed in December 2022. Of the 1,816 electronic articles retrieved, and six added after a manual search, 16 studies were selected. Published between 2010 and 2021, the studies were experimental or quasi-experimental, with quantitative methodologies. Publication data, objectives, sample, design, instruments, intervention characteristics, results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Regarding results, safety decision aid or a variant was the most reported digital intervention. Significant improvements were identified for IPV exposure, related outcomes such as decisional conflict and safety strategies, and mental health conditions. In short, digital interventions hold promise, however there is a clear need for research focused on hard-to-reach victims or women who have left the abuser. Digital interventions have to be adapted to their needs, and security and privacy issues must be better ensured. The risk of publication bias and the exclusion of some specific keywords in the search were limitations of the study.
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The association between substance use and crime is very common, but complex. Several countries have found strategies to face drug abuse and criminality that may exist associated to it, seeking to reduce overcrowded prisons and to promote... more
The association between substance use and crime is very common, but complex. Several countries have found strategies to face drug abuse and criminality that may exist associated to it, seeking to reduce overcrowded prisons and to promote the reductions of criminal recidivism and/or substance use. Through the guidelines of PRISMA, a systematic review was conducted with the aim to explore the different criminal reactions to individuals who use substances and are involved in the criminal justice system, namely the role of treatment and/or punishment in the reduction of crime recidivism and/or drug (ab)use. After gathering the following criteria of inclusion (individuals who use substances and are involved in the criminal justice system, between 18 and 65 years old, regardless of gender; consumers of licit/illicit psychoactive substances; without psychopathology not related with use/abuse of drugs; treatment programs; judicial interventions) the database found 155 articles between 1971 ...
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O internamento compulsivo (IC) em psiquiatria é uma medida judicial utilizada como último recurso em indivíduos que padecem de uma anomalia psíquica grave e que criem, por força dela, uma situação de perigo para bens jurídicos, de... more
O internamento compulsivo (IC) em psiquiatria é uma medida judicial utilizada como último recurso em indivíduos que padecem de uma anomalia psíquica grave e que criem, por força dela, uma situação de perigo para bens jurídicos, de relevante valor, próprios ou alheios, e recusem submeter-se ao necessário tratamento médico ou que não possuam o discernimento necessário para avaliar o sentido e o alcance do consentimento, quando a ausência de tratamento deteriore de forma acentuada o seu estado. A investigação decorreu entre 2008 e 2010, no Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (CHPL) – Pólo Hospital Júlio de Matos (HJM), no Hospital de Magalhães Lemos (HML) e no Departamento de Psiquiatria do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHGE). A amostra é constituída por cinquenta e nove indivíduos internados compulsivamente. Apurámos que os doentes internados compulsivamente nos hospitais em estudo são, maioritariamente, portugueses, caucasianos, do sexo masculino, solteiros e e...
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Callous unemotional (CU) traits refer to specific deficits in affective experience and interpersonal style, characterized by absence of guilt, constrictive display of emotion and failure to show empathy, callous use of others for one’s... more
Callous unemotional (CU) traits refer to specific deficits in affective experience and interpersonal style, characterized by absence of guilt, constrictive display of emotion and failure to show empathy, callous use of others for one’s own gain. The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to measure CU traits in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial structure of the Portuguese version of teacher-report ICU for children in school age and examine psychometric properties such as internal consistency and convergent validity in a community sample. Thirty-six teachers provided behavioral ratings of 100 and 78 children of elementary school, 88 boys and 90 girls, aged between 6 and 10 years old. Confirmatory factor analyses provided further support to a 2-factor structure, comprising the following dimensions: callous and uncaring. This study showed that the ICU seems a reliable an accessible tool that can be used in the Portuguese e...
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Escolhas intertemporais (EIs) são escolhas que envolvem trocas entre custos e benefícios que ocorrem em diferentes momentos no tempo. O primeiro objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um enquadramento conceptual das EIs, nomeadamente a base... more
Escolhas intertemporais (EIs) são escolhas que envolvem trocas entre custos e benefícios que ocorrem em diferentes momentos no tempo. O primeiro objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um enquadramento conceptual das EIs, nomeadamente a base teórica do desconto e as funções de desconto (utilidade descontada, desconto quase-hiperbólico e desconto hiperbólico), concluindo com uma breve descrição dos padrões de preferência nas EIs (o efeito de diferimento, o efeito de magnitude, o efeito de sinal, e a assimetria atraso- adiantamento). Em segundo lugar, pretendemos apresentar um resumo das opções metodológicas na investigação sobre EIs, em particular, as diferenças relativamente às modalidades de recompensa, intervalos de atraso, e tentativas de manipular o desconto diferido. Finalmente, salientamos a relevância da investigação sobre EIs para o estudo do comportamento antissocial e desviante
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. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature... more
. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature databases, through rigorous criteria (we included systematic reviews and empirical studies with adult human subjects), following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 174 documents obtained, 19 were considered eligible for inclusion and were retained for in-depth analysis. In addition, 13 studies from the manual search were included. Thus, a total of 32 studies were selected for review. The objectives/hypotheses, results, and the main conclusion(s) were extracted from each study. Results show that people with pronounced traits of impulsivity discount rewards more markedly, that is, they prefer immediate rewards, though of less value, or postponed losses, even though they worsen in the future. Taken together, the existing data suggest the importance of inserting DD as a tool for initial assessment in conjunction with measures of addiction and stress level, as well as the consideration of new therapies.
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This review aims to analyze the relationships between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD), particularly regarding the relative importance of genetic and... more
This review aims to analyze the relationships between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD), particularly regarding the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in the development of these disorders. Studies that examined at least two of these disorders were obtained from multiple databases, following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 279 documents obtained, nine were retained for in-depth analysis and were considered eligible for inclusion. In addition, eight studies from the manual search were included. The objectives, methodological aspects (sample and instruments), and the main conclusions were extracted from each study. Overall, the results suggest that (a) the causes for the onset and maintenance of these disorders are more associated with genetic factors than environmental factors, although the importance of the latter is recognized, and (b) children with AD...
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A universidade tem a função de criar, atualizar, e difundir o saber aos seus alunos e na comunidade, contribuindo para o ensinar a saber fazer. Subjacente a todas estas competências está o saber pensar e o saber estar, indispensáveis à... more
A universidade tem a função de criar, atualizar, e difundir o saber aos seus alunos e na comunidade, contribuindo para o ensinar a saber fazer. Subjacente a todas estas competências está o saber pensar e o saber estar, indispensáveis à manutenção de um saudável clima na organização, ao desenvolver de um adequado trabalho em equipa e à integração plena do sujeito em uma empresa ou instituição. Este trabalho é o resultado de uma investigação junto de estudantes universitários do 1.º ciclo do Instituto Universitário da Maia, da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto e de estudantes do 2.º ciclo do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar. Foi avaliada a capacidade dos alunos para pensar com uma lógica irrepreensível, adequar o seu comportamento ao legislado e às normas vigentes em uma instituição, assim como em adequar os seus comportamentos à luz dos direitos próprios e dos outros. As respostas de um número significativo de alunos evidenciaram dificuldades em analisar corretamente as questões colocadas. Os autores refletem sobre as repercussões que as insuficiências a este nível têm na inserção no mercado de trabalho, assim como sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens de aderir ou de desafiar as normas das culturas organizacionais, na perspetiva do empregador/empreendedor e do(a) candidato(a) a trabalhador(a) por conta de outrem.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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O internamento compulsivo (IC) em psiquiatria é uma medida judicial utilizada como último recurso em indivíduos que padecem de uma anomalia psíquica grave e que criem, por força dela, uma situação de perigo para bens jurídicos, de... more
O internamento compulsivo (IC) em psiquiatria é uma medida judicial utilizada como último recurso em indivíduos que padecem de uma anomalia psíquica grave e que criem, por força dela, uma situação de perigo para bens jurídicos, de relevante valor, próprios ou alheios, e recusem submeter-se ao necessário tratamento médico ou que não possuam o discernimento necessário para avaliar o sentido e o alcance do consentimento, quando a ausência de tratamento deteriore de forma acentuada o seu estado. A investigação decorreu entre 2008 e 2010, no Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (CHPL) – Pólo Hospital Júlio de Matos (HJM), no Hospital de Magalhães Lemos (HML) e no Departamento de Psiquiatria do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHGE). A amostra é constituída por cinquenta e nove indivíduos internados compulsivamente. Apurámos que os doentes internados compulsivamente nos hospitais em estudo são, maioritariamente, portugueses, caucasianos, do sexo masculino, solteiros e e...
Involuntary commitment is a legislative instrument that allows the Man to be protected from himself. Portugal and England are two developed nations and it would be unimaginable that they would not hold adequate legislation in this area.... more
Involuntary commitment is a legislative instrument that allows the Man to be protected from himself. Portugal and England are two developed nations and it would be unimaginable that they would not hold adequate legislation in this area. The different cultural, social and legal systems of the two countries influence the legislation concerning to involuntary commitment in each of these countries. In order to make known the differences between the laws of Mental Health in Portugal and in England we will make a brief presentation of the Portuguese Mental Health Act 36/98 of 24/07 and the Mental Health Act 1983/2007.