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Research Interests: Immunology, MicroRNA, Epigenetics, Medicine, Disease, and 3 moreImmune system, Coronavirus, and Cytokine storm
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Genetic and epigenetic parameters play critical roles in determining the outcomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important part of the epigenetic factors that... more
Genetic and epigenetic parameters play critical roles in determining the outcomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important part of the epigenetic factors that regulate several functions of the immune cells and also viruses. Accordingly, the molecules can regulate expression of the immune cell proteins and virus in the host cells. Among the miRNAs, miRNA-155 (miR-155) is well-studied in patients suffering from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been reported that the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may be directed to induce a cytokine storm or severe proinflammatory responses. This review article discusses the pathological roles of miR-155 during COVID-19 infection.
Research Interests: Immunology, MicroRNA, Epigenetics, Medicine, Disease, and 3 moreImmune system, Coronavirus, and Cytokine storm
Background: Increased systematic pro-inflammatory cytokines is the main cause of the inflammatory conditions of the hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. In this project serum levels... more
Background: Increased systematic pro-inflammatory cytokines is the main cause of the inflammatory conditions of the hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. In this project serum levels of IL-29 and whole blood levels of microRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p) were evaluated in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Methods: This project was performed on the 60 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and 60 healthy controls to evaluate IL-29 and miR185-5p expression levels. IL-29 expression was explored using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), while miR185-5p was evaluated using Real-Time PCR techniques.Results: The results demonstrated that neither IL-29 serum levels nor relative expressions of miR-185-5p were significantly different between patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: Due to the results that are presented here, systematic levels of IL-29 and miR-185-5p cannot be considered as the main risk factors for induction of in...
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Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is greatly hampered by innate and acquired antibiotic resistance. The goal of this study was to compure the immunogenicity of conjugates of P. aeruginosa depolymerized alginate-diphtheria... more
Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is greatly hampered by innate and acquired antibiotic resistance. The goal of this study was to compure the immunogenicity of conjugates of P. aeruginosa depolymerized alginate-diphtheria toxoid (D-ALGDT) and P. aeruginosa detoxified lipopolysaccharidediphtheria toxoid (D-LPSDT) in mouse model. Alginate and LPS were purified from P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. The resulting depolymerized alginate (D-ALG) and detoxified LPS (D-LPS) were covalently coupled to diphtheria toxoid (DT) as a carrier protein with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as a spacer molecule and carbodiimide as a linker. Sterility, safety and pyrogenicity tests were performed. 30 mice in two groups were immunized intraperitoneally on days 0, 14 and 28 with 10 μg of D-ALGDT and D-LPSDT. Conjugates specific antibody levels were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The conjugates were non-toxic and non-pyrogenic. Conjugates of D-ALGDT and D-LPSDT were sho...
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PURPOSE Innate immunity receptors play key roles in recognition of bacterial associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes and toll like receptors (TLRs) are the important innate immunity receptors. In this project transcription levels of... more
PURPOSE Innate immunity receptors play key roles in recognition of bacterial associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes and toll like receptors (TLRs) are the important innate immunity receptors. In this project transcription levels of TLR4, a TLR member, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), as inflammasomes, in the patients suffering from septicemia. METHODS AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4 mRNA levels were evaluated in the 40 patients suffering from septicemia and 40 healthy controls using Real-Time PCR technique. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that, although NLRC4 expression decreased, TLR4 and AIM2 levels significantly increased in the patients suffering from septicemia. Gender and infection with various bacteria did not affect expression of AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4. CONCLUSIONS It appears that septicemia can be limited by immune responses in AIM2 and TLR4 dependent manner. The potential roles played by bacteria to down-regulation of NLRC4 need to be evaluated by further investigations.
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PURPOSE Innate immunity receptors play key roles in recognition of bacterial associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes and toll like receptors (TLRs) are the important innate immunity receptors. In this project transcription levels of... more
PURPOSE Innate immunity receptors play key roles in recognition of bacterial associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes and toll like receptors (TLRs) are the important innate immunity receptors. In this project transcription levels of TLR4, a TLR member, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), as inflammasomes, in the patients suffering from septicemia. METHODS AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4 mRNA levels were evaluated in the 40 patients suffering from septicemia and 40 healthy controls using Real-Time PCR technique. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that, although NLRC4 expression decreased, TLR4 and AIM2 levels significantly increased in the patients suffering from septicemia. Gender and infection with various bacteria did not affect expression of AIM2, NLRC4 and TLR4. CONCLUSIONS It appears that septicemia can be limited by immune responses in AIM2 and TLR4 dependent manner. The potential roles played by bacteria to down-regulation of NLRC4 need to be evaluated by further investigations.
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Due to biological activities of Opuntia sp. and use of this plant in traditional medicine, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Opuntia stricta F. were studied. The essential oil of the plant was... more
Due to biological activities of Opuntia sp. and use of this plant in traditional medicine, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Opuntia stricta F. were studied. The essential oil of the plant was extracted using hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified, with thymol (42.7%) as the dominant component. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using disc diffusion method against standard strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. All of the microorganisms were sensitive in 20 mg/ml concentration of the oil. MIC values about B. cereus, B. licheniformis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans were 1.25, 1.25, 5, 20 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. It could be concluded that Opuntia stricta has a potent antimicrobial activity and its effect may be attributed to high content of thymol which was proved in this study. Consequently,...
Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that attacks potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper. Fusarium oxysporum enter through the roots and interfere with the water conducting vessels of the plant. As the infection spreads up into the stems and... more
Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that attacks potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper. Fusarium oxysporum enter through the roots and interfere with the water conducting vessels of the plant. As the infection spreads up into the stems and leaves it restricts water flow, causing the foliage to wilt and turn yellow. The biological control is one of the most important goals of modern agriculture that reduces the possible side effects of chemical pesticides on human society. The objective of the present study was to isolate and identify Bacillus subtilis strains from the losses of date palm in order to biologically control the Fusarium oxysporum. The survey was done using 10 different soils sample from palm groves of Manoujan city, Kerman province, Iran. High potentials of isolated Bacillus sp. in culture media and solid state fermentation, high inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis on the Fusarium oxysporum were investigated. In tomato treatments, intensity, time and the types of wilt we...
Background and Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, and the main target of this bacterium is the lungs, upper respiratory system, and their mucous membranes leading to acute or chronic infection of the... more
Background and Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, and the main target of this bacterium is the lungs, upper respiratory system, and their mucous membranes leading to acute or chronic infection of the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA 21 (miR-21) expression levels in the patients suspected of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-by-case study, and the results were compared between the two groups of patients and healthy individuals. The serum samples were collected from 200 patients suspected of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during a 3-year period in the hospitals of Kerman, Iran. The expression level of the extracted miR-21 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was no significant difference in the serum miR-21 gene expression in the symptomatic patients with negative smear and negative purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test. However, the patients with positive smear and negative PPD, positive PPD and negative smear, and positive smear and positive PPD showed a significant increase in the miR-21 gene expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results confirmed the need for more accurate diagnostic methods, especially molecular techniques, for the detection of M. tuberculosis infection as late detection of infection can eliminate the possibility of effective treatment and endanger the lives of individuals. Due to the correlation between miR-21 and this infection, the miR-21 inhibitors can also be used for the treatment of the disease.
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Research Interests: Immunology, Biology, Medicine, Cytokine, Immune system, and 3 moreGut Flora, Regulator, and Interleukin
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It has been hypothesized that BK polyomavirus infection leads to nephropathy in kidney transplant patients via various plausible mechanisms, such as stimulation of chemokines. The CXCL11 gene may also play a role in BK... more
It has been hypothesized that BK polyomavirus infection leads to nephropathy in kidney transplant patients via various plausible mechanisms, such as stimulation of chemokines. The CXCL11 gene may also play a role in BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. Our aim was to compare expression levels of CXCL11 in BK polyomavirus-infected versus noninfected kidney transplant patients with nephropathy and healthy controls. We performed a cross-sectional study of 58 kidney transplant patients with the risk of BK polyomavirus infection; these patients were subgrouped as BK polyomavirus-infected (23 patients) and noninfected (35 patients). We also enrolled 30 healthy patients as controls in this study. The BK polyomavirus genome load was evaluated using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol in kidney transplant patients. We analyzed CXCL11 gene expression and protein levels using in-house SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa...
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It has been demonstrated that IL-2 plays a dual role in induction/suppression of immune responses via activation of conventional and regulatory T lymphocytes, respectively. IL-2 contacts complete IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) which contains CD25... more
It has been demonstrated that IL-2 plays a dual role in induction/suppression of immune responses via activation of conventional and regulatory T lymphocytes, respectively. IL-2 contacts complete IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) which contains CD25 (α chain) on the antigen specific activated T helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes and also T regulatory cells. Additionally, previous investigations revealed that polyoma BK virus (PBK) reactivation and induction of PBK associated nephropathy (PBKAN) is a main complication following renal transplantation. Based on the important dual roles played by IL-2 in the immune responses, it may be hypothesized that IL-2/IL-2R interaction could be considered a potential mechanism against/toward PBK reactivation and also PBKAN. Accordingly, the aim of the current review article is to determine the roles of IL-2 IL-2/IL-2R interaction in PBK reactivation and PBKAN complications.
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Recent information demonstrated that BK virus reactivation is a dominant complication after kidney transplantation, which occurs because of immunosuppression. BK virus reactivation is the main reason of transplanted kidney losing. Immune... more
Recent information demonstrated that BK virus reactivation is a dominant complication after kidney transplantation, which occurs because of immunosuppression. BK virus reactivation is the main reason of transplanted kidney losing. Immune response against BK virus is the major inhibitor of the virus reactivation. Therefore, improving our knowledge regarding the main parameters that fight against BK viruses can shed light on to direct new treatment strategies to suppress BK infection. Innate immunity consists of numerous cell systems and also soluble molecules, which not only suppress virus replication, but also activate adaptive immunity to eradicate the infection. Additionally, it appears that immune responses against reactivated BK virus are the main reasons for induction of BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKAN). Thus, improving our knowledge regarding the parameters and detailed mechanisms of innate immunity and also the status of innate immunity of the patients with BK virus reactivation and its complications can introduce new prospective strategies to either prevent or as therapy of the complication. Therefore, this review was aimed to collate the most recent data regarding the roles played by innate immunity against BK virus and also the status of innate immunity in the patients with reactivation BK virus and BKAN.
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Chemokines and their corresponding receptors serve as pro-inflammatory and migratory signals for immune cells. CXCR3 and its corresponding ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, participate in the induction of immune responses against several... more
Chemokines and their corresponding receptors serve as pro-inflammatory and migratory signals for immune cells. CXCR3 and its corresponding ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, participate in the induction of immune responses against several foreign antigens. Numerous cells, including macrophages, NK cells and T lymphocytes, express CXCR3 and thus, expression of the receptor and its ligands can induce activity of these important immune cells against foreign antigens, including allogeneic grafts. Several parameters of the immune system participate in the induction and stimulation of powerful immune responses against allogeneic grafts. A thorough understanding of the parameters that regulate these responses can provide insights into new methods for immunotherapy during organ transplantation. The aim of this review is to address the most recent information regarding the roles played by CXCR3 and its corresponding ligands in the outcome of renal transplantation.
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Background: Micro-RNAs (miRs) play several roles during infections with viruses. Therefore, the roles of miR21 and mir155 in the induction of the viral-related cancers have been the focus of attention in several studies. High risk human... more
Background: Micro-RNAs (miRs) play several roles during infections with viruses. Therefore, the roles of miR21 and mir155 in the induction of the viral-related cancers have been the focus of attention in several studies. High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are the main factors negatively contributing to the induction of HPV-related cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of miR21 and mir155 in the patients with HPV-high risk genotypes in order to explore the roles of the miRs in the induction of HPV-related cancers. Methods: In this study, 40 women infected with the high-risk HPV genotypes as well as 40 healthy controls were examined regarding the relative expression of miR21 and mir155 by adopting real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. U6 was used for data normalization of miRNAs. Results: Relative expressions of both miR21 and miR155 were significantly higher in the HPV-infected patients compared to those in non-infected women. Conclusions: It was c...
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Background: Serious infections are associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria and this can lead to many deaths in the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver... more
Background: Serious infections are associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria and this can lead to many deaths in the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against MRSA isolates from clinical samples. Methods: Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted reverse micelles method. The as-prepared Ag nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial effect of AgNPs was investigated using agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Results: The XRD studies showed that pure Ag nanoparticles have been produced after calcination. Synthesized AgNPs showed favorable effects on the bacteria used. MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined to be 0.015 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to AgNPs. In contrast, they s...
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These standards are well settled in developed countries, but in under developing countries providing pure and has still a lot of hurdles to pass. This cross-sectional.In1391-1392,a series of four watersamples were... more
These standards are well settled in developed countries, but in under developing countries providing pure and has still a lot of hurdles to pass. This cross-sectional.In1391-1392,a series of four watersamples were collectedformicrobiologicaltestingformicrobialsamplecontain ing500 mlglassdoor were used. Samples classified tested. For fifty water sample from Zahedan city, 12 samples water effected witch coliform bacteria while 10samples water effected from all other different types of bacteria except colliform.3sample water completely effected and 25 sample water of clean water. According to international and Iran standard Zahedan drinking water provided is acceptable.
Ice cream is a frozen dairy product that is made of suitable milk, sugar and flavoring agents. It easily contaminated and causes food poisoning. Since it harbors many bacterial pathogens, its microbial quality has always been crucially... more
Ice cream is a frozen dairy product that is made of suitable milk, sugar and flavoring agents. It easily contaminated and causes food poisoning. Since it harbors many bacterial pathogens, its microbial quality has always been crucially important to public health. The aim of this study, conducted to screen some selected national and international brands of ice cream include <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> in Rafsanjan city, Iran. All producing and distributing of traditional ice creams were screened. The samples were collected in hygienic conditions. 40 samples of traditional ice creams were obtained randomly from the retail stores. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contaminations such as <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> according to the Iran national standard No. 2406. The results showed that 30 Samples (75%) with Enterobacteriaceae, 6 cases (15%) with <em>Escheri...
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ABSTRACTArticle Information Cellulase is one of the industrially important enzymes that has the ability to degrade cellulose. This enzyme is produced by a variety of microorganisms. It has numerous commercial applications like malting,... more
ABSTRACTArticle Information Cellulase is one of the industrially important enzymes that has the ability to degrade cellulose. This enzyme is produced by a variety of microorganisms. It has numerous commercial applications like malting, wood processing, and preparation of denim fabrics in textile industries, maceration of protoplasts from plant tissues and de-inking process in recycling of printed papers. The aim of the present study was the isolation, identification and screening of extracellular cellulase producing bacteria with high cellulase activity from tomato waste materials and their identification by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular tests. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated after serial dilution preparation from tomato waste matraials and surface culturing on CMC agar medium. 40 bacteria were isolated. Bacteria were further identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. All of the isolates were Gram positive endospore forming rods, thus they were ...