- I work at Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesiaedit
Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotika, enzime, insektisida dan hormon pertumbuha n tanaman (Pimentel et a/., 2010, Strobel and Daisy, 2003). Cladosporium oxysporum yang... more
Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotika, enzime, insektisida dan hormon pertumbuha n tanaman (Pimentel et a/., 2010, Strobel and Daisy, 2003). Cladosporium oxysporum yang diisolasi dari Aglaia odorata Lour pada penelitian awal ekstrak etil asetatnya menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans. Mendesaknya kebutuhan memperoleh senyawa antimikroba baru untuk mengatasi resistensi kuman patogen berbagai penyakit infeksi khususnya yang berkembang di daerah tropis dan adanya jamur endofit yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit berkhasiat antimikroba maka penelitian mendapatkan senyawa anti mikroba baru dari endofit Cladosporium oxysporum perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian tahun pertama mendapatkan fraksi aktif dari ekstrak etil asetat Cladosporium oxysporum yang berkkhasiat antimikroba dan untuk tahun ke-dua mendapatkan struktur kimia senyawa aktif tersebut melalui pemurnian dan elusidasi stuktur. Tujuan jangka panjangnya memperoleh temuan antimikroba baru yang poten berkhasiat dan aman sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat dan dipatenkan. Endofit dikultivasi in-vitro, metabolitnya diekstraksi dan difraksinasi. Fraksifraksi diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya. Fraksi aktif dipisahkan dan dimurnikan hingga diperoleh senyawa tunggal. Isolat metabolit dilakukan karakterisasi dan elusidasi struktur menggunakan spektroskopi NMR dan MS. Prospek ekonomi penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat antimikroba dan metode produksinya dari jamur endofit yang dapat dipatenkan.
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Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K~mia maupun biotransformasi oleh miKroba Ahanowitz & Cohen, 1981 ). MiKroba termasuK jamur. mampu melaKUKan transformasi senyawa-senyawa... more
Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K~mia maupun biotransformasi oleh miKroba Ahanowitz & Cohen, 1981 ). MiKroba termasuK jamur. mampu melaKUKan transformasi senyawa-senyawa organiK melalui reaKs~ enzymatis yang sederhana. Kemampuan biotransformasi tersebut mempunyai arti penting oleh Karena Kadang-Kadang secara sintesls Kimia hal tersebut sulit dilaKuKan.
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Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat sebagai honnon banyak digunakan untuk kepentingan medik. Akhir-akhil" ini terjadi kecenderungan menellti reaksi pemutusan rantai samping... more
Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat sebagai honnon banyak digunakan untuk kepentingan medik. Akhir-akhil" ini terjadi kecenderungan menellti reaksi pemutusan rantai samping sterol un tuk Inf;lndapa ck~'11 bahan baku antara (intet'nlediate) sepel-t i androsta 4 ell 3,17 dion (AD) dan androsta 1,4 dien 3.17 dion (ADD). Senyawd ters~but dipakai sebagal bahan dasar dalam sintesis kartikosteroid. hormon estrogen dan androgen (Charney. 1985) .
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A simple and rapid micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of quercetin, gentiopicrin, forsythin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in anti‐viral preparations of traditional Chinese... more
A simple and rapid micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of quercetin, gentiopicrin, forsythin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in anti‐viral preparations of traditional Chinese medicine (apTCM). In this method, the effects of buffer pH, concentration of the borax and SDS, organic modifiers, applied voltage and temperature on the separation were tested and discussed. The results showed that the five analytes could be well separated within 11 min under conditions of 40 mm borax (pH 9.65) containing 20 mm SDS, 20 kV, at 25°C. In the tested concentration range, regression equations revealed good linear relationships (correlation coefficients 0.9920–0.9991) between the peak areas and corresponding concentrations. In addition, a multiple linear regression QSPR model was constructed to predict the migration times of the analytes and the results were satisfactory. The method was validated by analysis of the five compounds in three representative apTCM samples with recoveries ranging from 89.2 to 106.6%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research Interests: Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Chromatography, Capillary electrophoresis, Caffeine, and 15 moreCommon Cold, Electrokinetic Phenomena, Electrolytes, Buffers, Analysis of Variance, Analyst, Borax, Acetaminophen, Active Ingredient, Ephedrine, Chlorogenic Acid, Codeine, Antiviral Agents, Dextromethorphan, and Drug combinations
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ABSTRACT
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There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do not correctly report their chemical, biological and pharmacological aspects, including the composition and stability of the herbal/extract... more
There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do not correctly report their chemical, biological and pharmacological aspects, including the composition and stability of the herbal/extract preparations, therefore their safety, efficacy and consistency could not be proven. For developing a modern drug from herbal drug(s), complete chemical and pharmacological characterizations of their bioactive metabolites need to be well established. Reproducible results require the development, assessment, and standardization of the chemical, biological and pharmacological methods based on the current state of the art. Therefore, all methods used in research must be properly validated before its routine applications. This present review will describe and discuss the important aspects of method validation (chemical, biological and pharmacological) in herbal drug research according to the newest current Pharmacopeia, official Guidelines and related recent publications.
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Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditional treatment of various health problems and ailments. Slow propagation nature of C. mangga have resulted in short supply to meet the market... more
Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditional treatment of various health problems and ailments. Slow propagation nature of C. mangga have resulted in short supply to meet the market demand. The longitudinally incised half shoot explants promote 100 % increased of shoot number compared with non-incised shoots with the formation of average 6.6 shoots/explant when they were cultured either vertically or horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Biotic elicitation with 3.5 mg l-1 or 5.0 mg l-1 yeast extract or combination of 150 mg l-1 chitosan and 3.5 mg l-1 yeast extract did not promote shoot proliferation but exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation activity slightly lower than quercetin, a potent plant antioxidant flavonoid and butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT), a commercial preservative agent which is used as a positive control. While absolute ethanol which served as a negative control did not show any ...
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This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in herbal drug research. Seven sequencing steps that can be taken for performing a valid bioassay include: literature survey, sample stability... more
This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in herbal drug research. Seven sequencing steps that can be taken for performing a valid bioassay include: literature survey, sample stability evaluation, Biosystem performance testing, Sample performance evaluation, determination of 50% effective concentration or cytotoxic concentrations, selective index evaluation, and determination of accurate relative potency of sample. Detailed methods and acceptance criteria for each step are described herein. Method calculations of the relative potency of sample using European Pharmacopeia 10.0, 5.3 (2020) were recommended instead of using United States Pharmacopeia 42 (2019). For having reliable data and conclusions, all methods (chemical and bioassay) need to be first validated before any data collection. Absence of any validation method may results in incorrect conclusions and bias.
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Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Banksia speciosa Koenig) is a herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family, growing throughout South and Southeast Asia (Inoue et al. 1995;... more
Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Banksia speciosa Koenig) is a herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family, growing throughout South and Southeast Asia (Inoue et al. 1995; Wijayakusuma 1992). This plant has been used for various medicinal purposes in that region. Koenig described that Cs cultivated in Malaya (in 1778) was used for medicinal purposes (cited by Burkill 1966). The plant has various local names, e.g.: Pacing (Java); Tabar-tabar (Sumatra); Lingkuas (Celebes); Setawar (Malay); Zhiang liu tou (China); Mia do (Vietnam); Co trong bon (Thailand) and Spiral ginger (English) (de Padua et al. 1981; WHO 1990; Wijayakusuma 1992).
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... The solasodine M 205nm aw 240, W205nm sample -,17 Qne, 1,4 adrostadecle3,17dare,~@EO&IO ... 2. Nigra,HM, Alvarez,MA, Giulietti,AM, (1990) Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cultures ... Segal, R., Breuer, A.,... more
... The solasodine M 205nm aw 240, W205nm sample -,17 Qne, 1,4 adrostadecle3,17dare,~@EO&IO ... 2. Nigra,HM, Alvarez,MA, Giulietti,AM, (1990) Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cultures ... Segal, R., Breuer, A., Milo-Goldzweig, I. (1978) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 67: 1169 ...
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This present review described the application of chemometrics using direct spectroscopic methods at the quality control (QC) laboratory of Pharmaceutical Industries. Using chemometrics methods, all QC assessments during the fabrication... more
This present review described the application of chemometrics using direct spectroscopic methods at the quality control (QC) laboratory of Pharmaceutical Industries. Using chemometrics methods, all QC assessments during the fabrication processes of the drug preparations can be well performed. Chemometrics methods have some advantages compared to the conventional methods, i.e., non-destructive, can be performed directly to intake samples without any extractions, unnecessary performing stability studies, and cost-effective. To achieve reliable results of analyses, all methods must be validated first prior to routine applications. According to the current Pharmacopeia, the validation parameters are specificity/selectivity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, range, detection limit, quantification limit and robustness. These validation data must meet the acceptance criteria, that have been described by the analytical target profile (ATP) of the drug preparations.
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Antihemoroid® suppository has been produced commercially by PT. Kimia Farma, Indonesia. For QC purposes, a separated densitometric method for analysis of its active ingredients, lidocaine hydrochloride and hexachlorophene, was applied.... more
Antihemoroid® suppository has been produced commercially by PT. Kimia Farma, Indonesia. For QC purposes, a separated densitometric method for analysis of its active ingredients, lidocaine hydrochloride and hexachlorophene, was applied. The objective of this study was obtaining more efficient analysis method of LH and HC, therefore an HPLC procedure has been developed for the determination of both compounds simultaneously. AYMC-Triart C18 column was used with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer 0.05 M (pH 6.0). Quantitative evaluation was performed at 220 nm. Method validation was performed according to the new methods of USP 41. Result showed that the HPLC method was simple, accurate, precise, and robust. The HPLC method can be applied in simultaneous determination of LH and HC in suppositories as a QC tool in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Some validation methods that could correlate data of accuracy, precision, pre-determined upper and lower specification range have been described. Application of those methods to validation data has been discussed.
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Endophytic fungi has an economic potential as raw material for biologically active compounds. Cladosporium oxysporum is one of the endophytic fungi isolated from Indonesian medicinal plant Aglaia odorata Lour (Local name: Pacarcina). This... more
Endophytic fungi has an economic potential as raw material for biologically active compounds. Cladosporium oxysporum is one of the endophytic fungi isolated from Indonesian medicinal plant Aglaia odorata Lour (Local name: Pacarcina). This planth has been used for fever, cough, diarrhea, inflammation and injury. In our previous study, the ethyl acetate extract and several fractions of the extract of C. oxysporum showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of the currents study is to investigate the chemical constituent of the active fraction. Purification of the metabolite was achieved by using column chromatography followed by preparative thin layer chromatography. Identification of the metabolite was conducted by using TLC densitometry, GC-FID and GC-MS. Compound 1 was isolated from fraction 12. The purity of this compound was determined by 2D-TLC and GC-FID. The UV-Vis profile of compound 1 indicates a phenolic...
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A new macrolactone glycoside, lecythomycin (1), 23-methyl-3-(1- O-mannosyl)-oxacyclotetracosan-1-one, was isolated from the endophytic fungus Lecythophora sp. (code 30.1), an endopyte of the Indonesian plant Alyxia reinwardtii. The... more
A new macrolactone glycoside, lecythomycin (1), 23-methyl-3-(1- O-mannosyl)-oxacyclotetracosan-1-one, was isolated from the endophytic fungus Lecythophora sp. (code 30.1), an endopyte of the Indonesian plant Alyxia reinwardtii. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The isolated compound displayed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida kruzei at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 62.5 – 125 μg/mL.
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Pharmaceutical industries should apply rigorous QC (quality control) to ensure the consistency, safety, and efficacy of their herbal derived drug-preparations. QC must be performed at every stage of the production line i.e. incoming raw... more
Pharmaceutical industries should apply rigorous QC (quality control) to ensure the consistency, safety, and efficacy of their herbal derived drug-preparations. QC must be performed at every stage of the production line i.e. incoming raw materials, extractions, in-process control, finished products and keeping samples. Due to the complex nature of the chemical content of herbal drugs, two approaches to QC should be taken, that is quantitative determination of the selected marker(s) compound(s), and metabolite profiling. Contamination of herbal medicines by heavy metals, pesticides, toxic metabolites, microbial toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and other foreign matter should also be evaluated. A combination of chemical profiling and multivariate analysis (MVA) is recommended as the QC tool for the botanical identification method (BIM) of herbs, extracts, herb materials, and herbal drug preparations. Microscopic methods, DNA profiling or chemical marker(s) are not recommended for use ...
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Three flavonoids, pinocembrin (1), farrerol (2) and matteucinol-7- O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (miconioside A) (3), were isolated for the first time from the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt (Thelypteridaceae).... more
Three flavonoids, pinocembrin (1), farrerol (2) and matteucinol-7- O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (miconioside A) (3), were isolated for the first time from the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt (Thelypteridaceae). Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with reported literature data. All three isolated flavonoids showed only moderate activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells, with IC50 values greater than 100 μg/mL.
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Five biotransformation products, mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (3), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,2- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (4),... more
Five biotransformation products, mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (3), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,2- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (4), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-glucopyranose ester (5), and mefenamic acid-7- O-α-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-glucopyranose ester (6) were isolated from cell suspension cultures of Solanum mammosum following administration of the therapeutic agent mefenamic acid (1). The structures of all new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their NMR and mass spectrometric data.
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Five compounds, hexacosyl hexadecanoate (1), β-sitosterol (2), matteucinol (3), kaempferol (4), and matteucinol-7- O-β-D-glucoside (5) were isolated for the first time from the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt (Thelypteridaceae).... more
Five compounds, hexacosyl hexadecanoate (1), β-sitosterol (2), matteucinol (3), kaempferol (4), and matteucinol-7- O-β-D-glucoside (5) were isolated for the first time from the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt (Thelypteridaceae). Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with reported literature data.
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Two non phenolic compounds namely a wax ester hexacosyl hexadecanoic and a steroid -sitosterol were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt's leaves. Their structures were elucidated on the... more
Two non phenolic compounds namely a wax ester hexacosyl hexadecanoic and a steroid -sitosterol were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt's leaves. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectrometric evidences (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EIMS and HR-CIMS ). Keywords: Chingia sakayensis, wax ester, steroid, hexacosyl hexadecanoic, -sitosterol
... From the Analytical Abstracts Database. For the latest techniques and applications in the analytical sciences. RSC Journals. HPLC determination of cilostazol in tablets and its validation. AD Lestari, T. Palupi, B. Oktarina, M. Yuwono... more
... From the Analytical Abstracts Database. For the latest techniques and applications in the analytical sciences. RSC Journals. HPLC determination of cilostazol in tablets and its validation. AD Lestari, T. Palupi, B. Oktarina, M. Yuwono and G. Indrayanto J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. ...