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Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as... more
Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangem...
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SUMMARYRadio wave propagation plays a very important part in the design and eventually dictates performance of space communication systems. Over time, the requirements of satellite communication have grown extensively where higher... more
SUMMARYRadio wave propagation plays a very important part in the design and eventually dictates performance of space communication systems. Over time, the requirements of satellite communication have grown extensively where higher capacity communications systems are needed. Escalating demands of microwave and millimetre wave communications are causing frequency spectrum congestion. Hence, existing and future satellite system operators are planning to employ frequency bands well above 10 GHz. The challenge in operating at such high frequencies for communication purposes is that there exists stronger electromagnetic interaction between the radio signals and atmospheric hydrometeors. Such instances will degrade the performance of such high frequency satellite communication systems. The development of a revised model for a better‐improved rain fade prediction of signal propagations in tropical region is considered very important. Researchers and engineers can employ the model to accurat...
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The evolution of wireless communication technology has provided a viable important concept for the next-generation wireless mechanism. The Technology may provide a variety of services for different terminals, such as voice and multimedia... more
The evolution of wireless communication technology has provided a viable important concept for the next-generation wireless mechanism. The Technology may provide a variety of services for different terminals, such as voice and multimedia data services through a mobile phone, as well as improved packet delivery across cellular networks. Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) is the most recent radio air interface designed for next-generation wireless communication networks to fulfill the increasing needs of connected devices. It is built to enable a variety of situations, including increased large machine-to-machine communications, mobile broadband, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. The 5G NR signal is generated and analyzed using the various parameters in the waveform generator app in MATLAB. The downlink scenario is considered. The modulation used here for the generation of 5G signal is 16 QAM and 64 QAM modulation technique.
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The current stress markers are mostly invasive, in which they require samples from the patients’ bodies, thus this research was conducted to find a non-invasive method to detect stress. This research emphasizes how stress detection can be... more
The current stress markers are mostly invasive, in which they require samples from the patients’ bodies, thus this research was conducted to find a non-invasive method to detect stress. This research emphasizes how stress detection can be done by using speech signal analysis techniques. Features from speech signals were used to capture stress together with machine learning functioning as the classifier to detect stress in a person. This research will show the advantages when using speech signal analysis techniques to detect stress compared with other stress markers. Stress detection based on speech signals was investigated, whereby speech signals were captured and analyzed in detecting stress and stress was then classified with machine learning. A phonetic feature which is the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient was extracted from the speech signals and the stress was detected with the Neural Network that were coded into a program system with Python programming language. The designed system which is the program was able to detect stress based on speech signal analysis techniques with machine learning. Therefore, psychological stress could be detected through speech signals by analyzing the count of pause and maximum amplitude, and stress was detected as stress and no stress with machine learning among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students.
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With the increasing demand of using multiple services in a single device, instead of using multiple antennas, current trend is to use single antenna capable of communicating in multiple frequency bands. For the devices like tablet PC, the... more
With the increasing demand of using multiple services in a single device, instead of using multiple antennas, current trend is to use single antenna capable of communicating in multiple frequency bands. For the devices like tablet PC, the need of accommodating the physical infrastructure through single multiband antenna is greatly useful. For the multiband operation, a gamma shaped structure is proposed for tablet PC. Gamma shaped monopole structure is designed and simulated using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The Gamma shape monopole is derived by modification from the original T shaped monopole and the first three resonant frequencies are found to be well improved than the T shaped one. The typical frequencies at 789.5 MHz, 988.1 MHz, 2.088 GHz and 2.376 GHz are having peak gain of 2.94 dBi, 2.11 dBi, 5.81 dBi, 4.84 dBi and radiation efficiencies of 95.57 %, 87.32 %, 96.67 % and 95.36 %, respectively. Compared to the T shaped monopole antenna, the modi...
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN (Wireless sensor network), Energy Harvesting, MIMO, and 8 moreWireless, Radio Frequency, Rf Energy Harvesting System and Circuits for Charging of Mobiles, Multi-User MIMO Communication, Power System Dynamics, Wireless Sensor Network, Duty Cycle, and Sensor Node
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Research Interests: Control Systems Engineering, Computer Science, Control Engineering, Autonomous Robotics, Control, and 15 moreAutomatic Control, Control Systems, UAV and Aircraft control, UAVs, quad rotor thesis UAV robotics control, UAV systems, Instrumentation and control engineering, Automation Control, UAV STABILITY AND CONTROL, UAV MODELLING AND SIMULATION, UAV DYNAMICS, UAV MODELING IN MATLAB SIMULINK, Nonlinear system, Control Management, and Design of Autonoums UAV
For future 5G wireless communication networks, millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems is considered to be the key enabling technology because of its high data rates, low latency, high system capacity, and huge available bandwidths.... more
For future 5G wireless communication networks, millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems is considered to be the key enabling technology because of its high data rates, low latency, high system capacity, and huge available bandwidths. However, multiuser networks in mmWave frequency bands encounter high path loss and interference, thus degrading the performance. Applying large antenna arrays at the base stations (BS) in order to achieve high beamforming gains with the help of precoding techniques is an efficient way of improving the performance of the system. Although multi-user beamforming can improve spectral efficiencies, full digital beamforming strategies used in the conventional microwave systems increase the hardware cost and consumes high power for large number of antennas in mmW systems. In this paper, a low-complexity multi-user hybrid precoding structure is proposed for mmWave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels utilizing Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) precode...
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Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are composed of multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band network structures and utilize cells of varying sizes. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings,... more
Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are composed of multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band network structures and utilize cells of varying sizes. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings, microcells(macro-eNBs) are employed; for covering individual levels or floors in a building, Pico-cells are utilized; and finally for extending wireless coverage to individual apartments, small offices, and home based businesses, femtocells (HeNodeB) are exploited. The goal behind the implementation of HetNet involves incrementing the capacity, modifying spectrum use, lowering the capital and operating costs, as well as offering steady user-based experience of network architecture. However, these random HeNodeB deployments raises co-tier and cross-tier interference which results system performance degradation. In this paper, therefore, to coordinate the cross-tier interferences a SJSPA scheme will be proposed using the joint sensing and power control algorithm. The proposed SJSPA is mainly for cross-tier interference coordination scheme for uplink communication. The proposed scheme is simulated by Monte Carlo simulation which demonstrates that the scheme efficiently reimburses cross-tier interference, and provides better macro-eNB as well as HeNodeB throughput compare with conventional power control techniques.
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ABSTRACT Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a potential technique to increase the band width in LTE-Advanced system. However, the introduction of CA brings a number challenges to the traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanisms. This... more
ABSTRACT Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a potential technique to increase the band width in LTE-Advanced system. However, the introduction of CA brings a number challenges to the traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanisms. This paper investigates the current algorithms of CA and packet scheduling forthe Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). In the beginning, the evolution from third generation (3G) to fourth generation (4G) is illustrated in terms of featured performance requirements and the integration of current and future radio access technologies, is also highlighted. Additionally, this paper discusses the current technical trends and possible improvements of the packet scheduling algorithms with CA for LTE-A.
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ABSTRACT Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band structured and utilize cells of varying sizes. The goal behind the implementation of HetNets involves incrementing the capacity of the established... more
ABSTRACT Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) are multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band structured and utilize cells of varying sizes. The goal behind the implementation of HetNets involves incrementing the capacity of the established network, modifying spectrum use, lowering the capital and operating costs, and offering steady user-based experience of network architecture. However, these random small cell deployments cause severe problems and results interference in the network. Therefore, the ultimate is the total system performance degradation and this interference becomes a key challenge in HetNet. This article investigates the performances of the current trends and approaches of interference in self organizingnetwork for LTE-A.
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ABSTRACT Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) comprise networks with specially designed architecture. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings, microcells are employed; for covering... more
ABSTRACT Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) comprise networks with specially designed architecture. To cover large areas, established base stations (macro sites) are used; for coating buildings, microcells are employed; for covering individual levels or floors in a building, Pico-cells are utilized; and finally for providing wireless coverage to individual apartments, small offices, and home based businesses, femtocells (HeNodeBs) are exploited. The goal behind the implementation of HetNets involves incrementing the capacity, modifying spectrum use, lowering the capital and operating costs, as well as offering steady user-based experience of network architecture. Furthermore, HeNodeBs have been developed for voice, data, video services in home and offices and a certain outdoor scenario with a very limited geographical coverage. However, these random HeNodeB deployments raises co-tier and cross-tier inter-cell interference which results system performance degradation. The existing approaches have tried to solve Inter-cell Interference (ICI) issues. Yet, these techniques are become unsatisfactory for recent communications as aggressive frequency reuse is desired to maintain high data-rates. In this paper, we investigated and identified recent issues of inter-cell interference coordination problems. The related schemes and techniques are also analyzed in order to highlight the pros and cons of each of the schemes.
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AbstractFacial expression recognition (FER) has attracted significant interest in the scientific community due to its impor-tance for human centred interfaces. This study compare the effect of different modulation for person-independent... more
AbstractFacial expression recognition (FER) has attracted significant interest in the scientific community due to its impor-tance for human centred interfaces. This study compare the effect of different modulation for person-independent facial expression recognition from face ...
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To meet the increasing demand for spectrum in communication system, Long Term Evolution (LTE) system has been proposed. It allowed users to use a new and much wider spectrum comparing to the other previous technologies. To utilize the... more
To meet the increasing demand for spectrum in communication system, Long Term Evolution (LTE) system has been proposed. It allowed users to use a new and much wider spectrum comparing to the other previous technologies. To utilize the full capacity of the LTE system Frequency Reuse (FR) has been adapted. It is a promising aspect of transmission of high rate data stream with better system capacity and fading immunity in the modern Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system. Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is the commonly used frequency reuse technique to increase the system capacity. But the problem is, with introduction of FR, it also increases the Inter Cell Interference (ICI) of the system. The out of cell interference coming from the neighbouring e-NodeBs (eNB) as a result of using the same frequency band and they act as an interference source. This ICI decreases the system capacity, resulting in hampering of communication, browsing and in worst case no connection at all. This ...
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AbstractFacial expression recognition (FER) has attracted significant interest in the scientific community due to its impor-tance for human centred interfaces. This study compare the effect of different modulation for person-independent... more
AbstractFacial expression recognition (FER) has attracted significant interest in the scientific community due to its impor-tance for human centred interfaces. This study compare the effect of different modulation for person-independent facial expression recognition from face ...