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Marcin Szczerbinski

This report investigates teaching and learning practices applied to reading in the United Kingdom. The research project began in July 2003 and was completed in March 2006, collating information on 500 learners in each study. Researchers... more
This report investigates teaching and learning practices applied to reading in the United Kingdom. The research project began in July 2003 and was completed in March 2006, collating information on 500 learners in each study. Researchers interviewed learners and ...
The prevalence and long-term consequences of dyslexia make it crucial to look for effective and efficient ways of its therapy. Action video games (AVG) were implied as a possible remedy for difficulties in reading in Italian and... more
The prevalence and long-term consequences of dyslexia make it crucial to look for effective and efficient ways of its therapy. Action video games (AVG) were implied as a possible remedy for difficulties in reading in Italian and English-speaking children. However, the studies examining the effectiveness of AVG application in dyslexia suffered from significant methodological weaknesses such as small sample sizes and lack of a control group with no intervention. In our study, we tested how two forms of training: based on AVG and on phonological non-action video games (PNAVG), affect reading in a group of fifty-four Polish children with dyslexia. Both speed and accuracy of reading increased in AVG as much as in PNAVG group. Moreover, both groups improved in phonological awareness, selective attention and rapid naming. Critically, the reading progress in the two groups did not differ from a dyslexic control group which did not participate in any training. Thus, the observed improvement ...
Śledziński, D., Szczerbiński, M. & Piotrowska, J. (2013) Przygotowanie i podział na sylaby korpusu tekstów dla dzieci [A corpus of child’s literature: preparation and syllabification]. In Scripta manent – res novae, (pp. 439-450).... more
Śledziński, D., Szczerbiński, M. & Piotrowska, J. (2013) Przygotowanie i podział na sylaby korpusu tekstów dla dzieci [A corpus of child’s literature: preparation and syllabification]. In Scripta manent – res novae, (pp. 439-450). Poznań: Wyd. Naukowe UAM.
This report investigates teaching and learning practices applied to reading in the United Kingdom. The research project began in July 2003 and was completed in March 2006, collating information on 500 learners in each study. Researchers... more
This report investigates teaching and learning practices applied to reading in the United Kingdom. The research project began in July 2003 and was completed in March 2006, collating information on 500 learners in each study. Researchers interviewed learners and ...
The aim of this study was to establish cognitive profiles of dyslexic adults on tests developed within the three main theories of developmental dyslexia: phonological, visual magnocellular and cerebellar and to investigate which theory... more
The aim of this study was to establish cognitive profiles of dyslexic adults on tests developed within the three main theories of developmental dyslexia: phonological, visual magnocellular and cerebellar and to investigate which theory can account for these profiles. The sample consisted of 15 Polish university students or alumni with a formal diagnosis of dyslexia, without ADHD and 15 controls matched on education, age, gender, IQ and handedness. The results revealed a striking heterogeneity of profiles. Nine dyslexics exhibited only a phonological deficit; one a phonological and a visual magnocellular deficit; a further three a phonological and a cerebellar deficit; two either a cerebellar or a visual magnocellular deficit. None of the three main theories of dyslexia can account for all the cases studied here. It is suggested that the best account of these data is in terms of different sub-types of dyslexia with different underlying causes, such as phonological, visual magnocellul...
Kamykowska, J. & Szczerbiński, M. (2014). Komputerowe gry edukacyjne dla dzieci z trudnościami w czytaniu – doświadczenia polskie i irlandzkie. [Educational computer games for children with reading difficulties: Polish and Irish... more
Kamykowska, J. & Szczerbiński, M. (2014). Komputerowe gry edukacyjne dla dzieci z trudnościami w czytaniu – doświadczenia polskie i irlandzkie. [Educational computer games for children with reading difficulties: Polish and Irish experience]. In Z problematyki kształcenia językowego, t. V, (pp. 265-290). Białystok: Wyd. Uni. w Białymstoku.
Research Interests:
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57 Polish-speaking children aged from 2;4, to 4;8 and 16 adult controls participated in a nonce-word inflection experiment testing their ability to use the genitive, dative and accusative inflections productively. Results show that this... more
57 Polish-speaking children aged from 2;4, to 4;8 and 16 adult controls participated in a nonce-word inflection experiment testing their ability to use the genitive, dative and accusative inflections productively. Results show that this ability develops early: the majority of two-year-olds were already productive with all inflections apart from dative neuter; and the overall performance of the four-year-olds was very similar to that of adults. All age groups were more productive with inflections that apply to large and/or phonologically diverse classes, although class size and token frequency appeared to be more important for younger children (two- and three-year-olds) and phonological diversity for older children and adults. Regularity, on the other hand, was a very poor predictor of productivity. The results support usage-based models of language acquisition and are problematic for the dual mechanism model.
The aim of this study was to establish cognitive profiles of dyslexic adults on tests developed within the three main theories of developmental dyslexia: phonological, visual magnocellular and cerebellar and to investigate which theory... more
The aim of this study was to establish cognitive profiles of dyslexic adults on tests developed within the three main theories of developmental dyslexia: phonological, visual magnocellular and cerebellar and to investigate which theory can account for these profiles. The sample consisted of 15 Polish university students or alumni with a formal diagnosis of dyslexia, without ADHD and 15 controls matched on education, age, gender, IQ and handedness. The results revealed a striking heterogeneity of profiles. Nine dyslexics exhibited only a phonological deficit; one a phonological and a visual magnocellular deficit; a further three a phonological and a cerebellar deficit; two either a cerebellar or a visual magnocellular deficit. None of the three main theories of dyslexia can account for all the cases studied here. It is suggested that the best account of these data is in terms of different sub-types of dyslexia with different underlying causes, such as phonological, visual magnocellular and cerebellar, or a combination of these. However, an account in terms of Ramus' (Trends, Neurosci. 2004; 27(12): 720-726) model, according to which the phonological deficit is a core deficit in dyslexia and other deficits (magnocellular and cerebellar), are just co-morbid markers without a causal relationship to dyslexics' literacy difficulties, cannot currently be ruled out.
The aim of this work was to study the effects of valence and age on visual image recognition memory. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) battery was used, and response time data were analyzed using analysis of variance, as... more
The aim of this work was to study the effects of valence and age on visual image recognition memory. The International  Affective Picture System (IAPS) battery was used, and response time data were analyzed using analysis of variance, as well as an ex-Gaussian fit method. Older participants were slower and more variable in their reaction times. Response times were longer for negative valence pictures, however this was statistically significant only for young participants. This suggests that negative emotional valence has a strong effect on recognition memory in young but not in old participants.
The s parameter, often related to attention in the literature, was smaller for young than old participants in an ex-Gaussian fit. Differences on the s parameter might suggest poorer attentional performance in old participants.
Research Interests:
This paper investigates whether people with Williams syndrome (WS) have prosodic impairments affecting their expression and comprehension of four main uses of intonation. Two adolescent males with WS were assessed using the PEPS-C... more
This paper investigates whether people with Williams syndrome (WS) have prosodic impairments affecting their expression and comprehension of four main uses of intonation. Two adolescent males with WS were assessed using the PEPS-C battery, which considers prosodic abilities within a psycholinguistic framework, assessing prosodic form and function in both the input and output domains. The performances of the subjects with WS were compared with control data for age and language-comprehension matched children. The results revealed significant prosodic impairment affecting all areas of the profile. Crucially, however, different profiles of strengths and weaknesses were revealed for the two subjects. The results support the growing view that WS is a heterogeneous population in terms of linguistic abilities.
The development of phonological awareness (PA), the ability to reflect on the sound structure of words independent of their meaning, has been extensively explored in English-speaking children. However, this is not the case for other... more
The development of phonological awareness (PA), the ability to reflect on the sound structure of words independent of their meaning, has been extensively explored in English-speaking children. However, this is not the case for other languages. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive PA test battery for German-speaking preschool children, considering psycholinguistic, linguistic, and cognitive aspects and to carry out analyses of its psychometric properties. Cross-sectional data from a sample of 55 children (CA 4;0–6;11 years) were collected. Preliminary findings confirm validity and reliability of the test battery, and support previous findings that PA develops from larger to smaller linguistic units. Phoneme-level tasks were consistently associated with letter knowledge. The new instrument is a promising tool for basic research (e.g. cross-linguistic comparisons of PA development) as well as for clinical and educational practice (e.g. planning speech and language therapy or literacy-oriented intervention).
Phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), letter knowledge, and oral language are all significant predictors of successful literacy acquisition in several languages. However, their relative importance is less clear and... more
Phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), letter knowledge, and oral language are all significant predictors of successful literacy acquisition in several languages. However, their relative importance is less clear and depends on language characteristics, the specific aspect of literacy assessed, and the phase of literacy acquisition. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the development of these predictors and their relationship with literacy acquisition through a longitudinal investigation of German-speaking children. Seventy-eight children growing up monolingual German were assessed three times: a few months before starting school (mean age = 5 years 11 months), in grade 1 (mean age = 6 years 11 months), and in grade 2 (mean age = 7 years 10 months). Cognitive predictors were measured at preschool, and literacy outcomes (reading accuracy, speed, comprehension, and spelling) were measured in grades 1 and 2. Correlational and path analyses revealed a complex pattern of relationships between cognitive and literacy skills dependent on the aspect of literacy being measured and the timepoint. Overall, the most important predictor of literacy skill in grade 2 was earlier literacy skills, followed by letter knowledge and RAN. Phonological awareness was less important than RAN, and oral language skills (i.e., vocabulary, grammar comprehension) were least important. The implications of these findings for the understanding of cognitive mechanisms of literacy acquisition and for early detection of literacy difficulties are discussed.
Chinese

语音意识、快速自动化命名、字母知识和口头语言,全部都是几种语言中成功习得读写能力的重要预测因子。然而,它们之间的相对重要性,则不太明显,要视乎语言特性、读写能力评估的具体方面,以及读写能力的习得阶段。因此,本研究通过一个德语儿童纵向调查,考查这些预测因子的发展以及这些预测因子和读写能力习得的关系。78名成长为以德语为单语的孩子,接受三次评估:开始入学前的几个月(平均年龄:5岁11个月),在一年级中(平均年龄:6岁11个月),以及在二年级中 (平均年龄:7岁10个月)。认知预测因子是在入学前测定,读写能力成绩 (朗读准确度、速度、阅读理解、拼写)是在一年级和二年级中测定。相关分析和路径分析结果,显示出认知和读写技能之间的一个复杂模式的关系,该关系是取决于读写能力不同方面的评核和不同的评核时间点。整体来说,在二年级中,读写技能的最重要预测因子是早期读写技能,其次是字母知识和快速自动化命名。语音意识是不如快速自动化命名那么重要,而口头语言技能(词汇、语法、阅读理解)是最不重要。本文最后讨论本研究结果对了解读写能力习得的认知机制和早期读写困难探测所带来的启示。
Spanish

La conciencia fonológica, el nombramiento automático rápido (RAN por sus siglas en inglés), el conocimiento de las letras, y el lenguaje oral son todos predictores importantes de la adquisición exitosa de la alfabetización en varios idiomas. Sin embargo, sus importancias relativas no están claras y dependen de las características del idioma, el aspecto específico de la alfabetización que se examina, y la fase de la adquisición de la alfabetización. Este estudio, por lo tanto, tuvo como meta examinar el desarrollo de estos predictores y su relación con la adquisición de alfabetización por medio de una investigación longitudinal de estudiantes de habla alemán. Setenta y ocho estudiantes que crecieron monolingües fueron examinados tres veces: varios meses antes de empezar la escuela (edad media: 5 años 11 meses), en el primer grado (edad media 6 años 11 meses), y en el segundo grado (edad media: 7 años 10 meses). Predictores cognitivos fueron medidos a nivel preescolar, y los resultados de la alfabetización (la precisión lectora, la rapidez, la comprensión y la ortografía) fueron medidas en el primer y el segundo grado. Análisis correlacional y de camino revelaron patrones complejos de relaciones entre las destrezas cognitivas y las de alfabetización que dependían del aspecto de alfabetización que se medía y el momento. En conjunto, el predictor más importante de la destreza de alfabetización en el segundo grado fueron las destrezas de alfabetización anteriores, seguidas por el conocimiento de las palabras y el RAN. La conciencia fonológica fue menos importante que el RAN, y las destrezas del lenguaje oral (vocabulario, comprensión de la gramática) fueron las menos importantes. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para el entendimiento de los mecanismos cognitivos de la adquisición de alfabetización y para la detección temprana de la alfabetización.
Arabic

إن الوعي الصوتي، والتسمية التلقائية السريعة (RAN)، واللغة الشفوية كلها منبئ كبير على نجاح اكتساب معرفة القراءة والكتابة في عدة لغات. ومع ذلك، أهميتها النسبية أقل وضوحا وتعتمد على خصائص اللغة، وعلى الجانب المحدد لمحو الأمية المدروس، وعلى مرحلة اكتساب معرفة القراءة والكتابة. هذه الدراسة، لذلك، تهدف إلى دراسة تطور هذه المنبئات وعلاقتها مع اكتساب معرفة القراءة والكتابة من خلال تحقيق طولاني لأطفال ناطقة بالألمانية. قيم ثمانية وسبعون طفلاً نشئوا يتكلمون اللغة الألمانية فقط ثلاث مرات: قبل بضعة أشهر من بدء الدراسة (متوسط العمر: 5 سنوات 11 شهرا)، في الصف 1 (متوسط العمر: 6 سنوات 11 شهرا)، والصف 2 (متوسط العمر: 7 سنوات 10 شهرا). تم قياس المتبئات المعرفية في مرحلة ما قبل المدرسة، ونتائج محو الأمية (دقة القراءة والسرعة، والفهم، والإملاء) تم قياسهم في الصفوف 1 و 2. التحليلات الارتباطية والمسارية كشفت عن وجود نمط معقد من العلاقات بين المهارات المعرفية ومحو الأمية والتي تعتمد على الجانب محو الأمية الذي يتم قياسا في زمن محدد. وعلى العموم، كان أهم المؤشرات لمهارة القراءة والكتابة في الصف 2 هي مهارات القراءة والكتابة السابق، تليها معرفة الأحرف وRAN (التسمية التلقائية السريعة). كان الوعي الصوتي أقل أهمية من RAN، والمهارات اللغوية الفظية (أي المفردات والنحو والإستيعاب) الأقل أهمية. ونوقشت الآثار المترتبة على هذه النتائج لفهم آلية المعرفية لاكتساب القراءة والكتابة وللكشف المبكر عن صعوبات القراءة والكتابة.
Russian

Фонематическое восприятие, быстрое автоматическое называние предметов (RAN), знание букв и устная речь значимы для прогнозирования становления грамотности на нескольких языках. Однако для разных языков относительная важность этих факторов не вполне ясна, многое зависит от особенностей самого языка, от конкретного аспекта грамотности и от этапа изучения языка. В данном продолжительном исследовании, посвященном изучению этих факторов в динамике и их связи со становлением навыков грамотности, участвовали 78 монолингвальных немецкоговорящих детей. Срез проводился трижды: за несколько месяцев до начала обучения в школе (средний возраст 5 лет 11 месяцев), в первом классе (средний возраст 6 лет 11 месяцев), и во втором классе (средний возраст 7 лет 10 месяцев). Когнитивные навыки замерялись в дошкольном возрасте, а навыки грамотности (точность и скорость чтения, понимание прочитанного и орфография) замерялись в 1 и 2 классах. Корреляционный анализ и анализ причинных связей выявили сложную взаимосвязь между познавательными навыками и навыками грамотности: многое меняется в зависимости от измеряемого аспекта и времени среза. В целом, для прогнозирования навыков грамотности к второму классу самыми важными факторами оказались ранние навыки грамотности, затем идет знание букв и RAN. Распознавание фонем оказалось менее важным, чем RAN, а навыки устной речи (т.е., словарный запас и грамматика) уступили всем остальным факторам. Обсуждается значение этих результатов для понимания когнитивных механизмов становления грамотности и для раннего выявления потенциальных трудностей.
French

La conscience phonologique, la vitesse de dénomination automatique, la connaissance des lettres et la langue parlée sont autant de prédicteurs significatifs de l'acquisition de la langue écrite dans plusieurs langues. Cependant leur importance relative est moins claire et depend des caractéristiques de la langue, des aspects particuliers de la littératie évalués, et de la phase d'acquisition de la littératie. Cette étude, par conséquent, visait à examiner le développement de ces prédicteurs et leurs relations avec l'acquisition de la littératie au moyen d'une étude longitudinale d'enfants germanophones. Soixante et dix huit enfants monolingues ayant l'allemand comme langue maternelle ont été évalués à trois reprises : quelques mois avant qu'ils entrent à l’école (âge moyen : 5 ans 11 mois), en première année (âge moyen: 6 ans 11 mois), et en deuxième année (âge moyen : 7 ans 10 mois). Des prédicteurs cognitifs ont été mesurés au niveau préscolaire, et des effets de la littératie (lecture exacte, vitesse, comprehension, écriture) ont été mesurés en première et deuxième année. Les corrélations et les analyses de pistes causales ont mis en évidence un patron complexe de relations entre les compétences cognitives et de littératie qui varie suivant l'aspect de la littératie que l'on mesure et le moment de la mesure. De plus, le facteur le plus important pour prédire les compétences en littératie en deuxième année est les compétences antérieures en littératie, suivi de la connaissance des lettres et de la vitesse de dénomination automatique. La conscience phonologique est moins importante que la vitesse de dénomination automatique, et les compétences en langue parlée (c'est-à-dire le vocabulaire, la compréhension grammaticale) sont moins importants. La discussion porte sur les implications de ces résultats pour la comprehension des mécanismes cognitifs dans l'acquisition de la littératie et pour le diagnostic précoce des difficultés en littératie.