Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean... more
Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean case distinctive. After all, Chile is widely regarded as one of the most consolidated democratic regimes in Latin America and as having solid economic performance. However, citizens have shown decreasing levels of satisfaction with democracy and representative institutions, and are turning to protest and social mobilization to express their discontent. The paradox that Chile is facing today lies in the mismatch between the attitudes of voters and the overall performance of the regime. In explaining this intriguing puzzle, most of the literature has emphasized the legacy of institutional arrangements inherited from military rule. We argue that institutions are necessary but insufficient for explaining the increasing challenges that democratic representation faces. Thus, we also claim that it is necessary to consider not only the expansion of critical citizens and middle income earners, but also the repoliticization of inequalities.
The early 2000s were a period of social policy expansion in Latin America. New programs were created in healthcare, pensions, and social assistance, and previously excluded groups were incorporated into existing policies. What was the... more
The early 2000s were a period of social policy expansion in Latin America. New programs were created in healthcare, pensions, and social assistance, and previously excluded groups were incorporated into existing policies. What was the character of this social policy expansion? Why did the region experience this transformation? Drawing on a large body of research, this Element shows that the social policy gains in the early 2000s remained segmented, exhibiting differences in access and benefit levels, gaps in service quality, and unevenness across policy sectors. It argues that this segmented expansion resulted from a combination of short and long-term characteristics of democracy, favorable economic conditions, and policy legacies. The analysis reveals that scholars of Latin American social policy have generated important new concepts and theories that advance our understanding of perennial questions of welfare state development and change.
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Desde mediados de los años 1990s, Latinoamérica exhibió una marcada ampliación de las políticas sociales. Aunque parte de la literatura atribuye a los gobiernos de izquierda dicha ampliación, ésta también tuvo lugar bajo gobiernos de... more
Desde mediados de los años 1990s, Latinoamérica exhibió una marcada ampliación de las políticas sociales. Aunque parte de la literatura atribuye a los gobiernos de izquierda dicha ampliación, ésta también tuvo lugar bajo gobiernos de derecha y centro-derecha. Este trabajo procura abrir el debate en torno a las políticas sociales de la derecha latinoamericana. El objetivo central es revisar las posibles causas de la ampliación de las políticas sociales y proponer un marco analítico que enfatiza la relevancia de la competencia electoral, la adaptación estratégica de los partidos y los cálculos costo-beneficio de mantener o expandir las políticas sociales.
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Fil: Geary, Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencia Politica y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina.
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El estallido social en Chile sorprendio a propios y extranos y puso en tela de juicio tanto el modelo de desarrollo economico como la institucionalidad vigente, en un contexto en el que los actores politicos detentan bajos niveles de... more
El estallido social en Chile sorprendio a propios y extranos y puso en tela de juicio tanto el modelo de desarrollo economico como la institucionalidad vigente, en un contexto en el que los actores politicos detentan bajos niveles de legitimidad. Pero ?por que un estallido en el pais «ejemplo» de la region? Parte de la explicacion hay que buscarla en la precarizacion de las clases medias y en un creciente proceso de politizacion de las desigualdades, en el marco de un modelo construido durante la dictadura, con una institucionalidad blindada y escasa flexibilidad para incorporar demandas sociales.
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La irrupcion de la pandemia de coronavirus tuvo lugar en Chile en el marco de un fuerte estallido social. Un gobierno y una clase politica desprestigiados han debido hacerse cargo de una de las crisis sanitarias mas importantes de la... more
La irrupcion de la pandemia de coronavirus tuvo lugar en Chile en el marco de un fuerte estallido social. Un gobierno y una clase politica desprestigiados han debido hacerse cargo de una de las crisis sanitarias mas importantes de la historia moderna. Por el momento, la ciudadania movilizada depuso la protesta y el plebiscito constitucional ha sido pospuesto.
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Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean... more
Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean case distinctive. After all, Chile is widely regarded as one of the most consolidated democratic regimes in Latin America and as having solid economic performance. However, citizens have shown decreasing levels of satisfaction with democracy and representative institutions, and are turning to protest and social mobilization to express their discontent. The paradox that Chile is facing today lies in the mismatch between the attitudes of voters and the overall performance of the regime. In explaining this intriguing puzzle, most of the literature has emphasized the legacy of institutional arrangements inherited from military rule. We argue that institutions are necessary but insufficient for explaining the increasing challenges that democratic represent...
Research Interests: Political Economy, Political Science, Politics, Chile, Democracy, and 15 moreSocial Inequality, Representation, Latin America, Inequality, Politicization, Political Institution, Protest Movement, Demokratie, Politikwissenschaft, Lateinamerika, Repräsentation, Protestbewegung, Representation Politics, Politisierung, and Latin Americans
This article analyzes the uneven expansion of social policy, using evidence from Chile. It explicates the Chilean case to understand differences between two specific areas of social policy: pensions and healthcare. Most macroexplanatory... more
This article analyzes the uneven expansion of social policy, using evidence from Chile. It explicates the Chilean case to understand differences between two specific areas of social policy: pensions and healthcare. Most macroexplanatory factors, which the literature proves are crucial for cross-country analysis, are left constant. Instead, it focuses on accounting for differences in the scope of expansion across sectors. It carries out a hypothesis-generating type of case study and relies on inductive process tracing. The goal is to generate hypotheses that may be useful for theory building in the realm of intersectoral dynamics of social policy expansion. The findings suggest that three explanatory factors combine to account for such differences: policymakers’ perceptions of the budgetary constraints and fiscal costs of producing (or failing to produce) a reform; the composition, cohesion, and ideas of technical teams; and the relative power of nongovernmental, prowelfare actors in...
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Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean... more
Democratic representation seems to be increasingly under stress in various established democracies, such as Greece, Spain, and the USA. Chile is also following this trend, but there are a number of particularities that make the Chilean case distinctive. After all, Chile is widely regarded as one of the most consolidated democratic regimes in Latin America and as having solid economic performance. However, citizens have shown decreasing levels of satisfaction with democracy and representative institutions, and are turning to protest and social mobilization to express their discontent. The paradox that Chile is facing today lies in the mismatch between the attitudes of voters and the overall performance of the regime. In explaining this intriguing puzzle, most of the literature has emphasized the legacy of institutional arrangements inherited from military rule. We argue that institutions are necessary but insufficient for explaining the increasing challenges that democratic represent...
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The fact that equitable social policy expanded drastically in Latin America during the left turn and during a time of prosperity does not necessarily mean that the ideological color of governing parties and economic growth are the engines... more
The fact that equitable social policy expanded drastically in Latin America during the left turn and during a time of prosperity does not necessarily mean that the ideological color of governing parties and economic growth are the engines behind changes in social policy, as is usually claimed by part of the literature. Using panel data from Latin American countries for 1990–2013, this paper offers an alternative explanation, derived from previous qualitative research, that the level of political competition, the strength of civil society, and wealth are the key factors behind the expansion of equitable social policy. Once these explanations are included in our models, the ideological leaning of governments and economic growth lose statistical significance. Thus, this paper challenges dominant approaches that consider social policy change in Latin America a consequence of the ideological leaning of the government and economic growth.
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Research Interests: Chile and Pension Reform
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ABSTRACT Abstract will be provided by author.
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... of the theoretical framework for this work and the empirical analysis from 1990 to 1998 can be found in Castiglioni, Rossana. ... called Basic Solidarity Pension Pillar (pilar básico solidario or PBS) through which 40% of the ...... more
... of the theoretical framework for this work and the empirical analysis from 1990 to 1998 can be found in Castiglioni, Rossana. ... called Basic Solidarity Pension Pillar (pilar básico solidario or PBS) through which 40% of the ... Includes vitalicios Sources: Godoy (2003), Mardones ...
... Sistema de pensiones: Paradojas, desconfianza y preocupaciones Rossana Castiglioni* Directora Escuela de Ciencia Política UDP, investigadora ICSO ... a estar empleadas en condiciones más precarias y suelen mantenerse durante su vida... more
... Sistema de pensiones: Paradojas, desconfianza y preocupaciones Rossana Castiglioni* Directora Escuela de Ciencia Política UDP, investigadora ICSO ... a estar empleadas en condiciones más precarias y suelen mantenerse durante su vida fuera del mercado laboral por ...
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Page 1. Pensions and Soldiers: the Role of Power, Ideas, and Veto Players under Military Rule in Chile and Uruguay (Draft) Rossana Castiglioni rcastigl@nd.edu Department of Government and International Studies University of Notre Dame 217... more
Page 1. Pensions and Soldiers: the Role of Power, Ideas, and Veto Players under Military Rule in Chile and Uruguay (Draft) Rossana Castiglioni rcastigl@nd.edu Department of Government and International Studies University of Notre Dame 217 O'Shaughnessy Hall ...
Page 1. Welfare State Reform in Chile and Uruguay: Cross-class Coalitions, Elite Ideology, and Veto Players Rossana Castiglioni Department of Government and International Studies University of Notre Dame 217 O'Shaughnessy Hall... more
Page 1. Welfare State Reform in Chile and Uruguay: Cross-class Coalitions, Elite Ideology, and Veto Players Rossana Castiglioni Department of Government and International Studies University of Notre Dame 217 O'Shaughnessy Hall Notre Dame, IN 46556-0368 ...
ABSTRACT: This book contributes to the development our incipient knowledge of the dynamics of social policy change in developing nations. In so doing, it explains the causes of social policy change in two Latin American countries in the... more
ABSTRACT: This book contributes to the development our incipient knowledge of the dynamics of social policy change in developing nations. In so doing, it explains the causes of social policy change in two Latin American countries in the areas of education, health ...
ABSTRACT Our knowledge on electoral participation for the Latin American countries remains fragmented because no study has yet tackled participation in a comprehensive way. This work hopes to bridge this gap combining the latest (2008)... more
ABSTRACT Our knowledge on electoral participation for the Latin American countries remains fragmented because no study has yet tackled participation in a comprehensive way. This work hopes to bridge this gap combining the latest (2008) round of the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) in 17 Latin American countries (n=28,592) with the institutional, political, and economic variables the literature has put forward. It is found that the classical socio-economic-status variables are a powerful predictor of voting turnout (such as age, education, associativeness, etc). It also shows that some institutions do have a robust effect on voting participation, especially those related to registration procedures and so-called compulsory voting, and that the relationship between the economy and voter turnout is much more multifaceted than a mere linear association. It undermines, however, the rational choice hypothesis that electoral competition fosters turnout; indeed, this paper opens the debate of the direction of causality between these two variables.