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Research Interests: Leadership and Efficiency
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... Page 4. DISCIPLINARY DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS 83 ... Page 5. Table 9.1. IDEA Item Means Difference for Eight Academic Fields Entire ... course material clearly, and explanations Demonstrated the importance and... more
... Page 4. DISCIPLINARY DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS 83 ... Page 5. Table 9.1. IDEA Item Means Difference for Eight Academic Fields Entire ... course material clearly, and explanations Demonstrated the importance and significance of Teaching Methods-lnvolving ...
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Engagement--a persistent and positive affective-motivational state of fulfillment characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption (W. B. Schaufeli, M. Salanova, V. González-Roma,... more
Engagement--a persistent and positive affective-motivational state of fulfillment characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption (W. B. Schaufeli, M. Salanova, V. González-Roma, & A. B. Bakker, 2002)--has become a popular subject among academic and industry researchers. Following suggestions in the recent literature calling for further examination of the underlying factors comprising the construct of engagement, the authors investigated the factor structure of W. B. Schaufeli et al.'s measure of engagement and academic engagement's relation to academic satisfaction. Previous researchers found a 3-factor structure of engagement that comprises vigor, dedication, and absorption. The authors administered to a sample of university students a questionnaire on their level of engagement in academic work and various other measures. The results did not confirm the 3-factor structure. The present authors found engagement and satisfaction to be highly related constructs.
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... Christian, MS, & Slaughter, JE (2007, August). Work engagement: A meta-analytic review and directions for research in an emerging area. ... Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Wefald, AJ,... more
... Christian, MS, & Slaughter, JE (2007, August). Work engagement: A meta-analytic review and directions for research in an emerging area. ... Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Wefald, AJ, & Downey, RG (in press). ...
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Abstract 1. Based on interview studies, the unemployment literature suggests that last job satisfaction influences reactions to unemployment. This study assessed the quantitative relationship between last job satisfaction and the... more
Abstract 1. Based on interview studies, the unemployment literature suggests that last job satisfaction influences reactions to unemployment. This study assessed the quantitative relationship between last job satisfaction and the unemployment experience. 265 ...
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... Hoyt, DP, & Cashin, WE (1977). IDEA technical report no. 1: Development of the IDEA system. Manhattan: Kansas State University, Center for Faculty Evaluation and Development. Kulik, JA, & McKeachie, WJ (1975). ... 244-271).... more
... Hoyt, DP, & Cashin, WE (1977). IDEA technical report no. 1: Development of the IDEA system. Manhattan: Kansas State University, Center for Faculty Evaluation and Development. Kulik, JA, & McKeachie, WJ (1975). ... 244-271). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Scriven, M. (1989). ...
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... Bednar and Weinberg (1970) found that the most potent combination of treatment factors in thecounseling approaches for underachievers was the length of treat-ment and the amount of structure in the treatment ... 202 JAMES E. ROBYAK... more
... Bednar and Weinberg (1970) found that the most potent combination of treatment factors in thecounseling approaches for underachievers was the length of treat-ment and the amount of structure in the treatment ... 202 JAMES E. ROBYAK AND MICHAEL J. PATTON ... SHQ U ...
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The objective of this study was to identify underlying dimensions of the managerial work of hospital dietetic services professional staff. A survey instrument was developed on the basis of Mintzberg's role theory of management.... more
The objective of this study was to identify underlying dimensions of the managerial work of hospital dietetic services professional staff. A survey instrument was developed on the basis of Mintzberg's role theory of management. Respondents were asked to rate 80 activity statements on the relative importance and time demand of each. Principal component analysis was used to determine whether items could be conceptualized meaningfully by a smaller number of components capable of accounting for interrelationships. Reliabilities and correlations were computed for the resulting managerial factor scores. Six factors were identified from the importance ratings: Upper Management, Interaction with Subordinates, Outside Activities, Quality Assurance, Communication Activities, and Personnel Activities. Similar dimensions were identified from the time-demand ratings. Findings from this analysis suggest that managers in different functional specialties and at various organizational levels tend to vary in their allocation of time and to stress different roles. As a person rises on the administrative ladder of responsibility, concentration on extramural affairs and involvement in planning are greater, and concern with specific operational problems decreases. The importance of conceptual skills was especially evident in upper administrative positions, as was the critical need for intergroup skills.
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This study examined managerial roles in college and university foodservice at three organizational levels. The study population included foodservice managers at National Association of College and University Food Services (NACUFS) member... more
This study examined managerial roles in college and university foodservice at three organizational levels. The study population included foodservice managers at National Association of College and University Food Services (NACUFS) member schools with a minimum annual budget of +3 million. The 999 managers from 80 colleges and universities who participated were categorized into three groups: assistant, associate, or director of foodservice; unit manager; and manager reporting to unit manager. They rated 51 activity statements on importance and time demand. Maintaining standards of quality was rated most important and most time demanding by all three groups of managers. Perceived importance and time demand of activities increased as managerial level increased. Activity statements were categorized into Mintzberg's 10 managerial roles. Significant differences in importance and time demand ratings among the three managerial groups were indicated for all 10 roles. However, perceived importance and time demand of roles increased as managerial level increased with two exceptions. Disturbance handler and leader roles were rated more time consuming by lower level managers.
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The relationships between organizational slack, firm performance, and industries in which firms compete are examined. Recent research has suggested that examining the impact of industry on the slack-performance relationship is worthy of... more
The relationships between organizational slack, firm performance, and industries in which firms compete are examined. Recent research has suggested that examining the impact of industry on the slack-performance relationship is worthy of further examination because managers oftentimes accumulate organizational slack to insulate against changes in the firm's competitive environment with differing outcomes. This study assesses the role that industry has on the relationship between two measures of organizational slack and three measures of firm performance. Results indicate readily-available slack impacts the firm's level of performance but that relationship changes based on the industry in which the firm competes. Conclusions, implications, and suggestions for future research are offered.
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... Following each trial, S was given a sheet of paper with ten lines and told to write as much of each sentence as he could remember. A total of 40 SS, 160 DOWNEY AND HAKES also drawn from introductory psychology classes, served. ...... more
... Following each trial, S was given a sheet of paper with ten lines and told to write as much of each sentence as he could remember. A total of 40 SS, 160 DOWNEY AND HAKES also drawn from introductory psychology classes, served. ... (Received August 22,1966). References. ...
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The purpose of this study was to define a comprehensive construct, workplace hostility, encompassing sub-areas of harmful workplace behaviors. Key characteristics include: perception of the target, persistence, intentionality, nonphysical... more
The purpose of this study was to define a comprehensive construct, workplace hostility, encompassing sub-areas of harmful workplace behaviors. Key characteristics include: perception of the target, persistence, intentionality, nonphysical nature, and organizational affiliation. Pilot study participants (N=42, students and N=35, workers) were small convenience samples. Main study participants (N=393, 70% female) were working individuals and almost 50% reported 1 to 5 years in their current jobs. The two pilot studies collected were surveys face-to-face. The main study used on-line surveys. Based on the pilot studies, items from the Workplace Hostility Inventory (WHI) were judged as a reasonable set. Results from the main study suggested three subscales related to perceptions of being subjected to hostility: interference with work, denigration, and exclusion. Supervisors produced greater distress on all factors, but only exclusion predicted a desire to leave the organization. Distress...
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Psychology, Organizational Culture, Occupational Health, Personality Assessment, and 16 moreSocial Perception, Adolescent, Workplace, Students, Humans, Work, Female, Male, Interpersonal Relations, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Analysis of Variance, Hostility, Pilot Projects, and Occupations
This study examined whether college students' descriptive norm perceptions of protective behavioral drinking strategies explain variance in use of such strategies, controlling for covariates of students' gender, typical number of... more
This study examined whether college students' descriptive norm perceptions of protective behavioral drinking strategies explain variance in use of such strategies, controlling for covariates of students' gender, typical number of drinks, and negative drinking consequences. Derivation (n = 7,960; 55.2% women) and replication (n = 8,534; 54.5% women) samples of undergraduate students completed the Campus Alcohol Survey in classroom settings. Students estimated how frequently other students used each of nine protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and how frequently they themselves used each strategy. All items assessing norm perception of PBS (NPPBS) had pattern matrix coefficients exceeding .50 on a single factor, and all contributed to the overall scale reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .81). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated NPPBS explained significant variance in PBS, controlling for covariates, and explained an additional 7% of variance (p < .001). A Gender x...
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This study examined whether college students' attitudes toward risks explain significant variance in drinking consequences beyond gender, alcohol use, and self-protective strategies. A derivation sample (N=276; 52% women) and a... more
This study examined whether college students' attitudes toward risks explain significant variance in drinking consequences beyond gender, alcohol use, and self-protective strategies. A derivation sample (N=276; 52% women) and a replication sample (N=216; 52% women) of undergraduate students completed the Campus Alcohol Survey (CAS) and the Attitudes Toward Risks Scale (ATRS). Scores on the ATRS correlated positively with students' self-reported typical number of drinks and negative drinking consequences (p<.001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that ATRS scores explained significant variance in negative drinking consequences beyond college students' gender, typical number of drinks, and use of protective strategies (p<.001). Furthermore, a significant Drinks x ATRS interaction revealed that heavy-drinking students who scored high on the ATRS experienced the most harm from drinking (p<.01). Students with high-risk attitudes showed a stronger link betwe...
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This study explored how much variance in college student negative drinking consequences is explained by descriptive norm perception, beyond that accounted for by student gender and self-reported alcohol use. A derivation sample (N=7565;... more
This study explored how much variance in college student negative drinking consequences is explained by descriptive norm perception, beyond that accounted for by student gender and self-reported alcohol use. A derivation sample (N=7565; 54% women) and a replication sample (N=8924; 55.5% women) of undergraduate students completed the Campus Alcohol Survey in classroom settings. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that student gender and average number of drinks when "partying" were significantly related to harmful consequences resulting from drinking. Men reported more consequences than did women, and drinking amounts were positively correlated with consequences. However, descriptive norm perception did not explain any additional variance beyond that attributed to gender and alcohol use. Furthermore, there was no significant three-way interaction among student gender, alcohol use, and descriptive norm perception. Norm perception contributed no significant variance in ...
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To assess the status of changing MMPI practice a questionnaire was sent by mail to 368 licensed psychologists in Kansas with a 40% response rate (N = 147). The modal respondent had 14.2 yr. of experience. Virtually all reported that they... more
To assess the status of changing MMPI practice a questionnaire was sent by mail to 368 licensed psychologists in Kansas with a 40% response rate (N = 147). The modal respondent had 14.2 yr. of experience. Virtually all reported that they currently used the MMPI: 37.0% reported using the MMPI, 80.1% MMPI-2, and 40.4% MMPI-A. A majority (67.6%) used computerized scoring with local scoring used by three out of four respondents. Computerized administration was used by 15.9% and computerized interpretation by 43.8%. Most used both High Point Codes (91%) and Elevation (84.7%) for interpretations. Two of three respondents thought that the High Point Codes and Elevations for the MMPI and MMPI-2 are related. The results of this survey of current practice suggest that many practitioners may be making false assumptions about the nature of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A and their relationships with the original MMPI. If the MMPI is to retain its hard-fought presence as a diagnostic, forensic, and selection tool, we must pay greater attention to these issues.
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... (2nd ed.) Philadelphia. PA: Lea & Febiger. GREGORY. RJ (1987) Adult intellectf/nl assessment. Newton, MA: Allyn & Bacon. ... 9, 368-370. Accepted January 18, 1988. Page 8. This article has been cited by: 1. E. ROBERT SINNETT,... more
... (2nd ed.) Philadelphia. PA: Lea & Febiger. GREGORY. RJ (1987) Adult intellectf/nl assessment. Newton, MA: Allyn & Bacon. ... 9, 368-370. Accepted January 18, 1988. Page 8. This article has been cited by: 1. E. ROBERT SINNETT, AND MICHAEL C. HOLEN. 1999. ...
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Norms developed by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983) and others at the Mayo Clinic for the MMPI overcome criticisms that the MMPI is not useful in 2003 and representative. This study ascertained the classification of MMPI... more
Norms developed by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983) and others at the Mayo Clinic for the MMPI overcome criticisms that the MMPI is not useful in 2003 and representative. This study ascertained the classification of MMPI profiles of clinicians. Mayo Clinic norms are warranted in view of the similar classifications made using both methods based on the same MMPI data.
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Abstract 1. Methods of calculating intraclass correlations (ICC) are well established and understood in psychological research. Several issues relating to the process of determining reliability have, on the other hand, been only lightly... more
Abstract 1. Methods of calculating intraclass correlations (ICC) are well established and understood in psychological research. Several issues relating to the process of determining reliability have, on the other hand, been only lightly treated. The present paper examines ...
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... Frank E. Saal, Ronald G. Downey, and Mary Anne Lahey Kansas State University ... One approach ex-amines the intercorrelations among different dimension ratings, using ratee scores (over raters) for each dimension as data points... more
... Frank E. Saal, Ronald G. Downey, and Mary Anne Lahey Kansas State University ... One approach ex-amines the intercorrelations among different dimension ratings, using ratee scores (over raters) for each dimension as data points (Keaveny & McGann, 1975). ...
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... First, the statements in the OCQ were presented in the form of a questionnaire accompanied by definitions of affective and continuance commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1984) to an expert panel consisting of 15 ... lAlN P. MURRAY, MARY 6.... more
... First, the statements in the OCQ were presented in the form of a questionnaire accompanied by definitions of affective and continuance commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1984) to an expert panel consisting of 15 ... lAlN P. MURRAY, MARY 6. GREGOIRE and RONALD G. WWNEY ...
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Much of the recent discussion of service has been based on the premise that good service leads to good operational results; however, little research has been conducted to examine this assumption. This article examines the relationship... more
Much of the recent discussion of service has been based on the premise that good service leads to good operational results; however, little research has been conducted to examine this assumption. This article examines the relationship among employees&amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; perceived service orientation, managers&amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;ratings of service, and restau rant operational indicators in 12 Mexican theme restaurants of a single restaurant corporation. Results
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The effects of using two methods (item mean and person mean) for replacing missing data in Likert scales were studied. The results showed that both methods were good representations of the original data when both the number of respondents... more
The effects of using two methods (item mean and person mean) for replacing missing data in Likert scales were studied. The results showed that both methods were good representations of the original data when both the number of respondents with missing data and the number of items missing were 20% or less. As the numbers of missing items and of respondents with missing data increased for the person mean substitution method, a spurious increase in the inter-item correlations (and, therefore, reliability) for the sale was produced. The item mean substitution reduced the reliability estimates of the scale. These results suggest caution in the use of the person mean substitution method as the numbers of missing items and respondents increase.
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One-hundred-six 9th graders and 203 undergraduates wrote a story about baseball for 25 min and then completed a 39-item multiple-choice test of baseball topic knowledge. Students also answered 6 questions about their individual interest... more
One-hundred-six 9th graders and 203 undergraduates wrote a story about baseball for 25 min and then completed a 39-item multiple-choice test of baseball topic knowledge. Students also answered 6 questions about their individual interest in baseball. Confirmatory factor ...