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Research Interests: Art Therapy and Happiness
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Research Interests: Psychology and Dyslexia
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Current study was aimed to investigate the effect of localized play therapy on reducing symptoms of attention deficiency and hyper activity/impulsivity in preschool children with ADHD. The method of this study was an applied... more
Current study was aimed to investigate the effect of localized play therapy on reducing symptoms of attention deficiency and hyper activity/impulsivity in preschool children with ADHD. The method of this study was an applied semi-experimental study designed as pretest-posttest with control group. Twenty four mothers with ADHD children were selected through multi-stage sampling and randomly arranged in experimental or control groups. The experimental group participated in a 10 sessions Localized Play Therapy (LPT) intervention program, while the control group was on the waiting list. Assessment tools were the Vanderbilt ADHD Teacher Rating Scale (Wolraich, et al., 1997) and a semiorganized clinical interview. Data were analyzed by using a repeated measure analysis of variance. The results showed that there were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in attention deficiency and hyper activity/impulsivity scores of pre-test and post-test. In conclusion, it...
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Background & Objective: Reading disorder is most common learning disability to which most of special education services and specialized intervention programs are allocated. Dyslexia represents one of the most common problems affecting... more
Background & Objective: Reading disorder is most common learning disability to which most of special education services and specialized intervention programs are allocated. Dyslexia represents one of the most common problems affecting children and adults; the prevalence in the United States is estimated to be 5% to 17% of school-age children, Dyslexia is believed to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families. It often occurs in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dyslexia is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, spelling, vision, and reading skills. Dyslexia can result in low selfesteem, stress, behavioral problems, and underachievement. Yet, with appropriate support, children and adults with dyslexia can reach their potential. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of educational interventions through cognitive plays on reading performance of dyslexic students. Methods: The study employed a two g...
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PURPOSE Assistive technology users may encounter challenges and inequality in having an access to health information and care during the emergency or in a crisis time. This issue seems to be understudied in most developing countries. The... more
PURPOSE Assistive technology users may encounter challenges and inequality in having an access to health information and care during the emergency or in a crisis time. This issue seems to be understudied in most developing countries. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges faced by Iranian people with disabilities faced during the COVID-19 pandemic as far as the use of assistive technology is concerned. METHOD A thematic analysis approach was employed to collect and analyse the data. We interviewed 10, 12 and 20 participants with physical, visual, and hearing disability, respectively during the pandemic between May to July 2020. A six-step thematic analysis method was used to identify categories and main themes. RESULTS The results revealed that people with disability were faced with some challenges in accessing information or receiving it on time during the emergency time. The lack of clear information may increase uncertainty about providing, using or maintaining assistive products. With no clear information or instruction, increased fear of infection, as well as the lack of necessary infrastructure for using available online applications, people with a disability had to rely more on others and seemed to feel disempowered. CONCLUSION Assistive technology (AT) users may not receive enough care and attention during health crisis, nor may be included in crisis management programs. Actions to create preparedness plans to meet the needs of AT users in possible future crisis seem to be necessary.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAssistive technology users' voice and needs should be given priority in crisis management programs.Web accessibility barriers and information accessibility challenges need more research attention in order to create effective and timely information dissemination programs.There seems to be a research gap about AT users during health crisis, and more research in this area is needed.
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The purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was... more
The purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was used in this research. The research sample which was selected randomly consisted of 90 mothers of children with special needs (30 mothers of children with down syndrome, 30 mothers of children with autism and 30 mothers of children with cerebral palsy) and 30 mothers of normal children attending primary schools in Isfahan. To collect the data, Social Support Questionnaire (Norbeck,1981) and Social Phobia Inventory (Conner et al., 2000) were used. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between mothers of children with special needs and mothers of normal children in social support and social anxiety (P<0.001). Furthermore, comparisons showed that mothers having a child with autism suffered...
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his study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3... more
his study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: selfregulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional develop...
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Maryam Samadi, Amir Ghamarani, Salar Faramarzi 1. Ph.D. Student of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of... more
Maryam Samadi, Amir Ghamarani, Salar Faramarzi 1. Ph.D. Student of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
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Background: Puberty is an important period for teenagers with intellectual disability (ID). In this period sexuality education and increasing social skills of adolescent and education of mothers become absolutely vital. The current... more
Background: Puberty is an important period for teenagers with intellectual disability (ID). In this period sexuality education and increasing social skills of adolescent and education of mothers become absolutely vital. The current research aimed to present a comprehensive educational program for promoting sexual knowledge and social skills mild intellectually disabled teenagers in puberty.Methods: This study is a sequential exploratory (qualitative – quantitative) mixed methods design that consists of three consecutive phases. In this study, following a qualitative approach, the researchers will explain state of sexual knowledge and social skills mild intellectually disabled teenagers in puberty. In the second phase, researchers will design an appropriate and comprehensive educational program for promoting sexual knowledge and social skills of MID adolescents and the education of their mothers. The suggested program of expert panel is approved based on prioritization guidelines and...
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/Background and Objective: Multi-dimensional measuring of attitudes toward people with disabilities leads to a better understanding of this concept and provides the foundation for design and implementation of appropriate interventions.... more
/Background and Objective: Multi-dimensional measuring of attitudes toward people with disabilities leads to a better understanding of this concept and provides the foundation for design and implementation of appropriate interventions. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Attitudes towards People with Disabilities in 2015. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed at validating the test. The study population consisted of all students who were educating at the University of Isfahan in the academic year of 2014-15. From this community, a sample of 150 students )69 boys and 81 girls( were selected. The multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used in such a way that three faculties of University of Isfahan were selected, and then 5 classes were randomly selected from among classes in each college. After that, students were asked to answer questionnaires. The research data collection instruments were the Multidimensional Scale of Attitudes towards People with Disabilities (MAS) and the questionnaire of demographic characteristics. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, Pearsons correlation coefficient, factor analysis,and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results obtained from specialists ideas indicated that the scale enjoys appropriate formal and content validity. Correlation coefficient of items with the total score in 23 items was significant and ranged from 0.48 to 0.53. The results of factor analysis indicated that the scale has been saturated with three factors (Affects, Cognitions & Behaviors) explaining totally 41.3% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.86 and the total alpha coefficient was equal to 0.83. Split-half alpha coefficient for the subscales ranged from 0.65 to 0.82 and 0.71 was the total alpha coefficient. Retest coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.53 to 0.61 and the total alpha coefficient was equal to 0.65 and showed appropriate validity of the MAS in the Iranian population. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the present study, it seems that the Persian version of the MAS enjoys acceptable psychometric properties and it can be used for assessing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. Key words: Attitude, People with Disabilities, Validity, Reliability, Isfahan Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical aproval: The Ethics Committee of University of Isfahan aproved the study. How to cite this article: Vakilizad N, Faramarzi S. Investigating Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Attitudes Towards People with Disabilities in Students of Isfahan University in 2015. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 1119-32. [Farsi]
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Introduction : The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor training on neuropsychological skills in children with visual impairment. Materials and Methods : A single-case experimental study was... more
Introduction : The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor training on neuropsychological skills in children with visual impairment. Materials and Methods : A single-case experimental study was conducted on three children (2 boys and 1 girl, aged between 4 and 7 years old) with visual impairment (20/70 and 20/200) who referred to Department of Social Welfare of Isfahan, Iran. The participants were selected through convenience purposive sampling method for the perceptual-motor training. The Language Development Scale, Guzel perceptual-motor Scale, Stanford-Binet scale, and Conner’s Neuropsychological questionnaire were used to collect the data. The multiple baseline design (MBA) was used in the present study, followed by the perceptual-motor intervention. The baseline position for the first, second, and third participants lasted three, five, and seven weeks, respectively, and the intervention duration for each participant was eight weeks as three...
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Purpose of the present study was to compare the hypochondria and the mental health of the mothers of children with the special needs and the mothers of normal children in Isfahan. It was a descriptive causative-comparison study and by... more
Purpose of the present study was to compare the hypochondria and the mental health of the mothers of children with the special needs and the mothers of normal children in Isfahan. It was a descriptive causative-comparison study and by using convenience sampling method, 90 mothers of disabled children (30 children with Down syndrome, 30 with autism and 30 with cerebral palsy) from the rehabilitation centers in the north of Isfahan were selected as the experimental group and by multistage random sampling method, 30 mothers of normal children of primary schools in Isfahan were selected as the control group. Ahwaz Hypo-chondriasis Test and Goldberg&#39;s General Health Questionnaire were applied to assess the participants&#39; status and the gathered data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results revealed that, in general, there was a meaningful difference between the mothers of children with special needs and the mothers of normal children in terms of hypochondria and mental health. Moreover, paired comparisons indicated that there was a significant difference between the mothers of disabled and normal children in terms of the mental health. Furthermore, in comparison to the mothers of normal children, there was a significant difference between the mothers of children with cerebral palsy and autism in terms of hypochondria; however, there was no significant difference between the mothers of children with Down syndrome and the mothers of normal children in this term. According to the findings of this research, stresses resulting from having disabled children could endanger the mothers&#39; mental and physical health and the specialists should consider this issue when they deal with such families.
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Introduction Specific learning disability (SLD) is disability or disorder that as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines it, affects a specific academic skill or domain. According to IDEA, SLD is defined as... more
Introduction Specific learning disability (SLD) is disability or disorder that as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines it, affects a specific academic skill or domain. According to IDEA, SLD is defined as follows: The term “specific learning disability” means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, and this disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Such a term includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Such a term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; of mental retardation; of emotional disturbance; or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage (Jacobs, Flanagan & Alfonso, 2016). One of the main problems of students with S...
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the effect of the combination of mental and physical exercises on the reaction of the students with visual impairments. The subjects were 30 girls of 9 to 12 years old who had... more
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the effect of the combination of mental and physical exercises on the reaction of the students with visual impairments. The subjects were 30 girls of 9 to 12 years old who had congenital blindness and were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 10 mental exercise, physical exercise and combined exercise. Experimental work of the groups was 8 two sessional weeks in time duration of 45 to 60 minutes per session. Subjects' ability to react was measured through ruler testing. Statistical analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, LSD post hoc test and paired t-test at a significance level of P<0.05. The results indicate the significant superiority of mental exercise techniques (24.1±7.7) relative to physical exercise (30.2±9.5) and combined exercise (28.6±8.9). According to these findings, the physical education teachers of blind children while ...
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زمینه و هدف: مطالعات نشان می دهند که کودکان ADHD دارای نقائصی در کارکردهای اجرایی از جمله حافظه فعال می باشند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسي نقائص مولفه های دیداری-فضایی و کلامی حافظه فعال در کودکان با اختلال بيش فعالي- نقص توجه است. مواد و... more
زمینه و هدف: مطالعات نشان می دهند که کودکان ADHD دارای نقائصی در کارکردهای اجرایی از جمله حافظه فعال می باشند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسي نقائص مولفه های دیداری-فضایی و کلامی حافظه فعال در کودکان با اختلال بيش فعالي- نقص توجه است. مواد و روش ها: روش پژوهش از نوع علي- مقايسهاي است. بدين منظور 30 کودک با اختلال بيش فعالي- نقص توجه و 30 کودک عادي پايه دوم دبستان در شهر اصفهان به روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب و در پژوهش شرکت داده شدند. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده، پرسش نامه کانرز والدين، مصاحبه باليني، مقياس هوش کودکان وکسلر براي ارزيابي حافظه فعال کلامي و تکليف بلوک هاي کرسي به منظور ارزيابي حافظه فعال ديداري- فضايي بود. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS-20 و با روش تحليل واريانس مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفت. يافته ها: نتايج پژوهش نشان داد که در دو متغير حافظه فعال کلامي و ديداري- فضايي در بين کودکان ADHD و عادي تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد (001 /0 P≤). بدين صورت که کودکان ADHD در اين مولفه ها از گروه کنترل عملکرد پايين تري دارند. هم چنين ميانگين گروه ADHD در دو نوع از حافظه فعال پايين ...
The current study was conducted with the goal of considering the effectiveness of phoneme plays on reducing the reading errors (accurate reading) on third grade elementary boy students with dyslexia. The method used was experimental and... more
The current study was conducted with the goal of considering the effectiveness of phoneme plays on reducing the reading errors (accurate reading) on third grade elementary boy students with dyslexia. The method used was experimental and pre-experiment/post-experiment, control group scheme was also used. The statistical population for this study included all the third grade elementary boy students of the city of Esfahan. To carry out this project, 30 boy students with dyslexia were selected using multi-stage sampling and random selection method and then were divided into two groups of experiment and control. The tools used included error reading checklist and a reading and dyslexia test. The data acquired was then analyzed using the covariance analysis statistical method. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the accurate reading of the experiment and control groups with P < 0.001 significance level. Subsequently, we can conclude that phonemic plays can...
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