Dros. Inf. Serv. 95 (2012) Research Notes 101 36(3): 356375; - Frota-Pessoa, O., 1952, Dros. Inf. Serv. 26: 101102; Gottschalk, M.S.- , L.E.M. Bizzo, J.S. Doge, M.S. Profes, P.R.P. Hofmann, and V.L.S. Valente 2009, Iheringia 99: 442448;... more
Dros. Inf. Serv. 95 (2012) Research Notes 101 36(3): 356375; - Frota-Pessoa, O., 1952, Dros. Inf. Serv. 26: 101102; Gottschalk, M.S.- , L.E.M. Bizzo, J.S. Doge, M.S. Profes, P.R.P. Hofmann, and V.L.S. Valente 2009, Iheringia 99: 442448; -Mateus, R.P., M.L.T. Buschini, and F.M. Sene 2006, Braz. J. Biol. 66 : 719–729; Poppe, J.L., V.L.S. Valente, and H.J. Schmitz 2012, Pap. Avul. Zool. 52: 185195; Roque, F., J.D.V. - Hay, and R. Tidon 2009, Rev. Bras. Ent. 53: 308-313; Serjeant, K., R. Tang, N. Anfang, J.R. Beggs, and M.R. Goddard 2008, New Zealand J. Ecol. 32: 209213; - Schmitz, H.J
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The present study was undertaken to explore the post-coital contraceptive activity and teratogenecity effect of various ext. of Eugenia jambolana Lam. Petroleum ether, Et acetate and ethanol exts. of Eugenia jambolana Lam, seeds were... more
The present study was undertaken to explore the post-coital contraceptive activity and teratogenecity effect of various ext. of Eugenia jambolana Lam. Petroleum ether, Et acetate and ethanol exts. of Eugenia jambolana Lam, seeds were administered orally at the dose level of 200 and 600 mg/kg body wt. from 10 to 18 days of pregnancy. A strong abortifacient activity (97.07%) was obsd. at 600 mg/kg body wt. of Et acetate seed ext. treated rats, but did not show any developmental toxicity and teratogenicity effect in rats. Preliminary phytochem. studies of Et acetate ext. revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, glycoside, saponins, and phytosterols. [on SciFinder(R)]
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The biochemical action of bromophos, an organophosphorus insecticide with relatively low toxicity to the silkworm, was studied on Bombyx mori. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the IV instar larvae shows differential tissue distribution,... more
The biochemical action of bromophos, an organophosphorus insecticide with relatively low toxicity to the silkworm, was studied on Bombyx mori. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the IV instar larvae shows differential tissue distribution, being highest in the integument followed by the gut and lowest in the haemolymph. In vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by topical application of bromophos to the IV instar larvae was observed. The inhibition recovered rapidly within 12 h. The inhibition was dose-related. In vitro inhibition studies showed that cholinesterase of the gut is more sensitive to bromophos than that of fhe integument enzyme as judged db IC50 values. The parent phosphorothioate compound is by itself a good inhibitor of cholinesterase.
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The antitumor activity of Decalepis hamiltonii root extract (DHA) was investigated in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cell model in mice and the effect was compared with that of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP). Treatment of EAT... more
The antitumor activity of Decalepis hamiltonii root extract (DHA) was investigated in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cell model in mice and the effect was compared with that of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP). Treatment of EAT cell bearing mice with aqueous extract of Decalepis hamiltonii(50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.w.) showed a significant reduction in ascites tumor volume, tumor cell counts and increased median survival time (MST). EAT cells induced alterations in hematological profile and the serum marker enzymes aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were restored by DHA treatment. The antitumor effect of DHA was comparable to that of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide suggesting the anticancer potential of the root extract of Decalepis hamiltonii
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Comparative histochem. of hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) was studied in the epididymis of 3 squamate reptiles: Varanus monitor, Mabuya carinata and Calotes versicolor. The activities of I�53I²- and 17I²-HSDHs are localized in the... more
Comparative histochem. of hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) was studied in the epididymis of 3 squamate reptiles: Varanus monitor, Mabuya carinata and Calotes versicolor. The activities of I�53I²- and 17I²-HSDHs are localized in the epididymal epithelium and sperm in the lumen do not show appreciable enzyme activities. Activity of 11I²-HSDH was very poor with cortisol as the substrate in all 3 species. Glucose 6-phosphatase dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase activities were quite high in the epididymal epithelium of all 3 species. There was species-variation with regard to the distribution, intensity, and substrate preference of HSDHs in the epididymal epithelium. The enzyme activities are high during the reproductive phase and highly reduced during the period of sexual quiescence in all 3 species. These results demonstrate steroid metab. in the reptilian epididymis. [on SciFinder(R)]
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Topical application of graded doses of 12 insecticides belonging to the organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate groups to 4th-instar larvae of multivoltine (Pure Mysore) and bivoltine (Kalimpong A) races of Bombyx mori showed... more
Topical application of graded doses of 12 insecticides belonging to the organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate groups to 4th-instar larvae of multivoltine (Pure Mysore) and bivoltine (Kalimpong A) races of Bombyx mori showed sequential development of neurotoxic symptoms (excitation, head swaying, vomiting of gastric juices and a moribund state) followed by death. Organochlorine insecticides were generally rapid in their action compared to the organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Gamma-HCH [lindane] and endosulfan were the most toxic, and bromophos the least, among the insecticides tested. Similar toxicity was observed in the multivoltine and bivoltine races.
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Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a highly persistent organochlorine insecticide, is neurotoxic at acute doses and causes degenerative effects on chronic exposure. HCH has been reported to induce oxidative stress in cells and tissues.... more
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a highly persistent organochlorine insecticide, is neurotoxic at acute doses and causes degenerative effects on chronic exposure. HCH has been reported to induce oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Mammalian brain is sensitive to oxidative stress which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Effect of HCH on the brain regions, cortex, cerebellum, midbrain and brainstem, has been investigated by studying the response of antioxidant enzymes in rats treated orally with HCH at 25 and 100mg/kg b.w. for 2 weeks. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion was seen in all the brain regions of HCH treated rats. The brain regions showed distinct variation in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase were markedly induced whereas superoxide dismutase was inhibited at higher dose in all the brain regions. Marked induction and inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes, ...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Toxicology, Oxidative Stress, Medicine, Antioxidants, and 15 moreBrain, Animals, Antioxidant, Male, Glutathione, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant enzyme, Rats, Neurodegenerative Disease, Lindane, Glutathione Reductase, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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Although OP compounds are anticholinesterases their differential in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system is poorly understood (Tripathi and Dewey, 1989). Bromophos (BR) and Ethylbromophos (EB) are the two... more
Although OP compounds are anticholinesterases their differential in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system is poorly understood (Tripathi and Dewey, 1989). Bromophos (BR) and Ethylbromophos (EB) are the two structurally homologous OP insecticides which show distinct differences in their toxicity as well as the time-course of neurotoxic symptoms. EB is 24 fold more toxic (LD50(rat) −125 mg/kg b. w) than BR and produces characteristic neurotoxic symptoms such as tremors and lacrimation which are absent in the case of latter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical basis of the differential toxicity of the OP homologues in the rat with reference to the AChE inhibition in different regions of the brain.
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The reproductive toxicity of the organochlorine insecticide, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), was investigated in male albino rats fed a diet free of vitamin A or containing vitamin A at 2000 or 100,000 IU/kg diet. Diets containing 1000 ppm... more
The reproductive toxicity of the organochlorine insecticide, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), was investigated in male albino rats fed a diet free of vitamin A or containing vitamin A at 2000 or 100,000 IU/kg diet. Diets containing 1000 ppm HCH for 7 weeks did not cause testicular toxicity in the vitamin-A-deficient and supplemented rats. However, reproductive toxicity was clearly manifested 2 weeks after withdrawing HCH from the diets and was more pronounced in the vitamin A deficient rats compared to their vitamin A supplemented counterparts. Reduction in the testicular weights was accompanied by atrophy of epididymides and seminal vesicles in the vitamin A deficient rats alone. Inhibition of spermatogenesis was further confirmed by decreased sperm count in the epididymis. Biochemically, the activities of the steroidogenic enzymes were drastically reduced. Supplementation of vitamin A after withdrawal of HCH accelerated the recovery and restored spermatogenesis and enzyme activities in the deficient rats. These results demonstrate the greater susceptibility of the male reproductive system to HCH toxicity during vitamin A deficiency and also the protective effect of vitamin A supplementation.
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Reproduction, Biology, Medicine, Internal Medicine, and 15 moreSpermatogenesis, Reproductive toxicology, Sperm, Animals, Male, tESTIS, Rats, Reproductive Toxicity, Lindane, Epididymis, Sperm Count, Testicular diseases, Seminal Vesicles, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Acute oral toxicity of the copper fungicides, copper sulphate and copper oxychloride, were studied in male Gallus domesticus. The median lethal dose for copper sulphate and copper oxychloride determined were 693 and 1263 mg/kg body... more
Acute oral toxicity of the copper fungicides, copper sulphate and copper oxychloride, were studied in male Gallus domesticus. The median lethal dose for copper sulphate and copper oxychloride determined were 693 and 1263 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Severe diarrhea and delayed mortality (3 to 6 days) was characteristic of copper oxychloride. Liver weights were nearly doubled in birds fed copper oxychloride and marked dose-dependent testicular atrophy was noticed in both copper sulphate and copper oxychloride fed birds. Mild to severe spermatogenetic arrest concomitant with testicular atrophy was observed. Histochemically, the interstitial (Leydig) cells and seminiferous tubules showed intense accumulation of cholesterol-positive lipids. The degree of lipophilia appeared to be directly proportional to the extent of spermatogenetic arrest, and these results are suggestive of steroidogenic inhibition in the Leydig cells of the atrophied testis.
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Hepatoprotective activity of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight and Arn) was studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver injury model in albino rats. The hepatotoxicity produced by acute CCl(4) administration was found... more
Hepatoprotective activity of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight and Arn) was studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver injury model in albino rats. The hepatotoxicity produced by acute CCl(4) administration was found to be inhibited by pretreating the rats with crude methanolic extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii (Dh) prior to CCl(4) induction. Hepatotoxic inhibition was measured with the decreased levels of hepatic serum marker enzymes (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxide formation. Imbalance level of glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were normalized in rats pretreated with Dh extract followed by CCl(4) administration. Pathological changes of hepatic lesions caused by CCl(4) were also improved by pretreatment with the Dh root extract. The results of this study indicate that roots of D. hamiltonii could afford a significant protective action in the alleviation of CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage in rats.
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Research Interests: Physiology, Zoology, Biology, Morphology, Histology, and 6 moreMedicine, Sperm, Lizard, Sperm storage, Epithelium, and Oviduct
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Antioxidants, Enzymes, Animals, Antioxidant, and 15 moreClinical Toxicology, Glutathione, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Alkaline phosphatase, Adiponectin, Food Sciences, Apocynaceae, Glutathione Transferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Hepatoprotection, Glutathione Reductase, Cyclophosphamide, Aspartate Aminotransferases, and Alanine Transaminase
ABSTRACT
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... I extend my gratitude to the Senior Research Fellows, Mr.Y.Rajashekar and Mr. KRRitesh for their guidance and timely help throughout the course of my project work. ... monooxygenase enzymes (Parmar,2003). Pesticides exert their toxic... more
... I extend my gratitude to the Senior Research Fellows, Mr.Y.Rajashekar and Mr. KRRitesh for their guidance and timely help throughout the course of my project work. ... monooxygenase enzymes (Parmar,2003). Pesticides exert their toxic effect by causing oxidative stress. ...
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Research Interests: Biochemistry and Zoology
Research Interests: Physiology, Zoology, Biology, Morphology, Medicine, and 5 moreSperm, Lizard, Sperm storage, Dormancy, and Oviduct
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Plant - derived male antifertility agents need to address the basic requirements of reversibility and fertility suppression without affecting libido. This study was undertaken to evaluate the male antifertility potential of the fruit... more
Plant - derived male antifertility agents need to address the basic requirements of reversibility and fertility suppression without affecting libido. This study was undertaken to evaluate the male antifertility potential of the fruit extract of Opuntia elatior in the male rat and its reversibility. The methanolic extract was administered through oral route (300, 900 mg/kg bw) to male rats for 30 and 60 days, and fertility was assessed by analysing spermatogenesis, sperm count and testosterone levels. Reversibility of fertility suppression was studied by withdrawal of treatment for two weeks and mating with normally cycling virgin females. Sperm count and motility were markedly reduced in both the groups of treated rats, without commensurate decline in serum testosterone levels and testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH) activity. Fertility of the treated rats was suppressed when mated with normally cycling virgin female rats without affecting libido. Withdrawal of treatment f...
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Oxidative Stress, Medicine, Neurotoxicology, Antioxidants, and 15 moreBrain, Low Dose, Animals, Male, Acetylcholinesterase, Neurotoxicity, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Enzyme, Organophosphate, Asclepiadaceae, Aqueous Extract, Neurosciences, Neuroprotective Agents, Butyrylcholinesterase, and Aché
Role of oxidative stress and Na+,K+-ATPase in the cytotoxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on Ehrlich Ascites tumor (EAT) cells has been studied. HCH caused dose dependent cell death as measured by trypan blue exclusion and lactate... more
Role of oxidative stress and Na+,K+-ATPase in the cytotoxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on Ehrlich Ascites tumor (EAT) cells has been studied. HCH caused dose dependent cell death as measured by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from the cells. HCH induced oxidative stress in EAT cells which was characterized by glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Protective effect of antioxidants on HCH induced oxidative stress was assessed, among the antioxidants used only quercetin inhibited HCH-induced LPO and ROS production as well as cell death whereas alpha -tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHA inhibited LPO but not cell death. Inhibition of membrane bound Na+,K+-ATPase was a characteristic feature of HCH cytotoxicity in EAT cells. Experimental evidence indicates that HCH-induced cell death involves oxidative stress due to ROS production and membrane perturbation in EAT cells.
Research Interests: Biochemistry, Chemistry, Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, Medicine, and 15 moreInsecticides, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mice, Animals, Male, Cell Death, Glutathione, Catalase, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant enzyme, Ascorbic Acid, Lindane, Lactate dehydrogenase, Cell Survival, and Biochemistry and cell biology
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ABSTRACT
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Decalepis hamiltonii, a climbing shrub, grows in the forests of peninsular India and is consumed for its health promoting properties. The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii with known... more
Decalepis hamiltonii, a climbing shrub, grows in the forests of peninsular India and is consumed for its health promoting properties. The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii with known antioxidant constituents was studied against carbon ...
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Currently there is a great deal of interest in the study of natural compounds with free radical scavenging activity because of their potential role in maintaining human health and preventing diseases. In this paper, we report the... more
Currently there is a great deal of interest in the study of natural compounds with free radical scavenging activity because of their potential role in maintaining human health and preventing diseases. In this paper, we report the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMMB) isolated from the aqueous extract of Decalepis hamiltonii roots. Our results show that HMMB is a potent scavenger of superoxide (O2(-)), hydroxyl (OH), nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxide (LOO) physiologically relevant free radicals with IC50 values in the nmolar (5-214) range. HMMB also exhibited concentration dependent secondary antioxidant activities, such as reducing power, metal chelating activity, and inhibition of protein carbonylation. Further, HMMB at nmolar concentration prevented CuSO4-induced human LDL oxidation. Apart from the in vitro free radical scavenging activity, HMMB demonstrated cytoprotective activity in primary hepatocytes and Ehrlich Ascites Tumour (EAT) cells against oxidative stress inducing xenobiotics. The mechanism of cytoprotective action involved maintaining the intracellular glutathione (GSH), scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Based on the results it is suggested that HMMB is a novel bioactive molecule with health implications in both prevention and amelioration of diseases involving oxidative stress, as well as in the general well being.
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Research Interests: Biochemistry, Chemistry, Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, Medicine, and 15 moreInsecticides, Toxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species, Animals, Cell Death, Glutathione, Lipid peroxidation, NADPH oxidase, Caspase, Lindane, Lactate dehydrogenase, Chronic Toxicity, Biochemistry and cell biology, Intracellular Calcium, and stereoisomerism
Age-associated accumulation of oxidative damage linked to decline of antioxidant defense mechanism, leads to impairment of cognitive function in many organisms. These damages can pass through generations and affect the cognitive quality... more
Age-associated accumulation of oxidative damage linked to decline of antioxidant defense mechanism, leads to impairment of cognitive function in many organisms. These damages can pass through generations and affect the cognitive quality of progenies. In Drosophila, classical olfactory conditioning results in the formation of different types of memory. Age-related memory impairment (AMI) causes reduction in middle term memory (MTM) and parental senescence causes decline in short-term memory (STM) of the offspring. We have further examined the neuromodulatory effect of Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) root extract, which is a cocktail of novel antioxidant molecules, on the biochemical oxidative defenses in relation to cognitive ability of the aged flies and their offspring. There is a strong correlation between the age-related decline in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the lower cognitive ability of the aged flies and their offspring. Feeding of aged flies in the diet containing 0.1% Dh, markedly enhances the cognitive ability of both aged flies and their offspring which is associated with enhanced antioxidant defenses as evident for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Our findings, for the first time, show that the antioxidant-rich Dh root extract attenuates the age-related decline in cognitive ability of Drosophila, and also shows ameliorative effect on the memory of the offspring.
Research Interests: Animal Behavior, Cognition, Aging, Biology, Drosophila melanogaster, and 15 moreOxidative Stress, Medicine, Learning, Animals, Antioxidant, Catalase, Plant Roots, Plant extracts, Apocynaceae, Olfactory perception, Cognitive Decline, Offspring, Motor activity, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
Neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) are believed to be caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure to environmental agents such as pesticides has been implicated in the etiology of... more
Neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) are believed to be caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure to environmental agents such as pesticides has been implicated in the etiology of sporadic PD. Paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide, induces PD symptoms in laboratory animals including Drosophila. PQ acts as a free radical generator and induces oxidative damage, which is implicated in neuronal cell death. Drosophila model of PQ-induced PD offers a convenient tool for mechanistic studies and, to assess the neuroprotective potential of natural antioxidants. We have investigated the neuroprotective potential of 4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid (DHA-I), a novel bioactive molecule from the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii, against PQ-induced locomotor impairment and neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Our study shows that PQ treatment results in movement disorder associated with oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial damage and neurod...
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The transportation industry is highly criticized for its environmental impact, primarily CO2 emissions, and is a known sector of the so-called "dirty" industries. Due to governmental regulations an ...
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There is tremendous scope for identifying novel anti-cancer molecules from the unexplored reserves of plant kingdom. The application of dietary supplementation or medicine derived from such sources is a promising approach towards... more
There is tremendous scope for identifying novel anti-cancer molecules from the unexplored reserves of plant kingdom. The application of dietary supplementation or medicine derived from such sources is a promising approach towards treatment of cancer. In the present study we have evaluated the antiproliferative potential of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (4-HIPA), which is a novel antioxidant compound isolated from the roots of the aqueous extract of Decalepis hamiltonii. 4-HIPA was screened in vitro against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and normal human breast epithelial cell MCF-10, and demonstrated that human breast cancer cell lines, in contrast to MCF-10, are sensitive to 4-HIPA .4-HIPA showed marked reduction in cell viability and short-term proliferation assays in these cells. Results of the long-term colony formation and scratch assay further reaffirmed that 4-HIPA inhibited the growth and proliferation in breast cancer cells. We further conducted in vivo studies using murine Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cell model. Our in vivo results established that treatment with 4-HIPA reduced the tumorigenesis by promoting apoptosis in EAT-bearing mice. The results of our molecular docking predictions further warranted our claim. This study is valuable as 4-HIPA exhibits antiproliferative potential that can be exploited in the development of anticancer drugs.