Umar Yusuf Abdullahi

The knowledge about population, location, concentration, and distribution of resources using geospatial techniques has become an important and interesting area of studying present and future demand of resources; this is because of the increasing population growth and demand of resources among people especially in rural areas. Hence, this research provides a spatial analysis of healthcare facilities in the Akko Local Government Area.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has simplified network management through the separation of the control plane from the data plane. SDN controller decides where traffic flow is forwarded while the data plane, composed of network switches that forwards flow packets based on the decision made by the control plane. Forwarding logic is stored on a specialized switch memory of limited capacity known as Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM). The centrality of control and the limitation of the flow table are the two most vulnerable aspects of SDN. The former is exploited by flooding the controller with malicious requests to overburden the controller and pave way for malicious attacks while the latter involves exploiting the limited flow table overflow. This paper proposes an Adam-optimised Deep Neural Network-based model for predicting these two vulnerability attacks in Software Defined Networks setting. This approach was tested on the NSL-KDD dataset, achieving an accuracy score of 93%. Experimental results also showed that this approach exhibited favorable performance on other metrics relative to some popular Machine Learning techniques. We conclude that this approach shows strong potential for Adam-optimised Deep Learners for SDN vulnerability attack mitigation.

Health care facilities are generally unevenly distributed in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries where the available facilities are inadequate in relation to the potentially health seeking population. This paper aimed to study the spatial distribution of public health care facilities in Gombe State. The study therefore, focused on understanding the availability, location and spatial distribution and concentration of public healthcare facilities in Gombe State. Secondary data of public healthcare facilities was obtained from Gombe State Primary Health Care Development Agency (GSPHCDA); Location Quotient and GIS techniques were applied to identify areas with surplus and deficit public healthcare facilities in the state in relation to population. The results show that, five (5) Local Government Areas (Akko, Funakaye, Gombe, Nafada and Yamaltu Deba) are deficient in primary healthcare facilities provision, while other six (6) Local Government Areas (Balanga, Bill...

An investigation to determine the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal roundworms in calves in Sokoto metropolis was carried out. A total of 216 faecal samples from calves were examined using Modified McMaster technique for morphological egg differentiation and count of worm-egg per gram of faeces of the sampled calves. Positive samples were cultured to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable nematode genera. An overall prevalence was found to be 133 (61.57%). Eight different nematode genera were identified with Cooperia spp being highest in prevalence (28.78%) followed by Haemonchus spp (26.76%) and the least was Toxocara spp (0.50%). The prevalence was generally higher in females (56.39%) than in males (43.61%).

The study was motivated by the lots of programmes put in place and the colossal sum of money spent by government and other service providers to meet safe water requirements of the rural people, yet, not much is being achieved in that direction. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to identify the institutional framework for rural water management and the contributions of rural water end users in managing their water supply points. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources. Using a purposive sampling technique, fifty (50) rural communities were identified and administered with structured questionnaire which were complemented with personal interviews, focus group discussion, field observations and measurements. The study findings revealed that institutional arrangements for operation and maintenance of water issues have been top-bottom management strategy as against the supply driven norm where end users determine the outcome decision on water issues. The stu...

The research was aimed at examining the availability and quality of some crafts skills in the Nigerian construction industry. The perception of contractors and consultants was sought via a structured questionnaire. Findings from the study indicate shortages and poor quality of craftsmen. About 91.8% of the respondents believed that there is shortage of skilled craftsmen in the Nigerian construction industry. According to consultants, tilers, interior decorators, glaziers and electricians were ranked as the most affected trades. Contractors also perceived tilers, interior decorators, glaziers, and electricians as the least available trades in the industry. The study concluded by affirming that, the issue of crafts-skill shortage is a challenge in the construction sector requiring concerted efforts from all stakeholders.

Background: Stay-at-home order has led to temporal closure of all level of schools both regionally and locally in all countries which Nigeria is not excluded. For continuous teaching and learning during Covid-19 pandemic, some governments and private schools have introduced online learning to ensure that pupils have access to learning during the stay-at-home order. It is therefore necessary to examine challenges of online learning mathematics during the stay-at-home order amidst COVID-19 in Nigeria. Methods: The study made use of snowball and purposive sampling technique due to the nature of the respondents. The study found out that Nigerian senior secondary school students were still affected with electricity shortage as some of them encountered flat battery on their devices during their online learning. The findings again indicated that Nigerian senior secondary school students encountered insufficient data to access their online class, lack of understanding, difficulties in solvi...

Domestic violence has been recognised as a global social problem and serious human rights violation. Literature has indicated harmful effects of violence on women, children, and the society in general. The problem of domestic violence in Ebiraland is at an alarming rate while the absence of significant studies of its factors and effects has been exhaustive. This study explores the perceptions of the Muslim women about domestic violence and examines the factors associated with it in Ebiraland. The views of Muslim women and suggestions are crucial in understanding the effects of domestic violence on women and children, and the nature of mechanisms needed in preventing the violence. This is a qualitative research. The data were obtained through in-depth semi structured interviews. Twenty informants were purposively selected from Adavi, Ajaokuta, Okehi and Okene Local Government Areas of Kogi State, Nigeria. Thematic content analysis approach was applied in this study where themes that ...

Demographic and socio-economic factors are important determinants of fertility among couples, and these factors can greatly determine the number and quality of children in a region. This study aimed to compare demographic and socioeconomic determinants of male parent in relation to fertility in Gombe North and Gombe South. Hence, male average rate of fertility and demographic and socio-economic factors in relation to child bearing were observed and analysed. Frequency tables using cross tabulation, averages, percentages, T-Test and correlation analysis were used in analyzing data obtained from the field, which were collected through purposive sampling techniques. Results show that Gombe North has more average fertility (3.7) than Gombe South (2.02), majority of the male respondents were not married hence they have no children, some children from Gombe south were born outside marriage, early marriages were identified in Gombe North than in Gombe South, high proportion of educated mal...

Interaction in English as an International Language (EIL) setting provides myriad opportunities for negotiation of meaning, arguably beneficial for language acquisition. The present study aims at finding out how meaning is negotiated in EIL interaction among two groups of postgraduate TESOL international students from two Asian countries, Indonesia and People’s Republic of China (PR China). The findings reveal that the students indeed utilized various strategies such as clarification requests, confirmation checks, comprehension checks, word-coinage, and use of approximation, self-repetition, other repetition, self-correction, and non-verbal expression of non-understanding. The relative frequency of strategies used appears to have been influenced by the interaction tasks. The variation of strategies across the three pairs is relatively similar. Some EIL features corresponding to pronunciation and grammatical structures also emerge in the present study. Finally, the study suggests tha...

It seems that educational system in Nigeria has undergone only quantitative improvement in terms of number of schools and students’ enrolment. However, there has been little effort in respect to the capacity to manage them through provisions of adequate financial, human, material and physical resources. Physical and material resources in secondary schools were discovered to be inadequate and poorly equipped. Some of the secondary school buildings were dilapidated, also the allocated financial resource, teaching and non-teaching staff are grossly inadequate compared with the students’ enrolment. The public, the Ministry of Education and other stakeholders in education are expressing serious concern about the consistency of the poor performance of secondary school students especially in mathematics. Increase in population and the government’s free education programs make people want to take advantage of the education provided. Provision of both professionally qualified and non-qualifi...

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Anecdotal reports across Africa show that the disease is coming less prevalent in the cities and the patients are surviving longer, although with a lot of morbidity. Between 2002 and 2006, 9.8% of 1312 patients were found to have RHD from our echocardiographic registry, with a mean age of 24 years. Therefore, we set out to review our current data for RHD to see if there are any changes in patterns of presentation in our center. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected echocardiography data between August 2010 and July 2012. The study was conducted at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria. The procedure was performed with Aloka SSD 4000. The standard techniques for depicting the anatomical structures of the heart were employed. All echocardiographic procedures were performed by a cardiologist. Information obtained from the records included the age, gender, clinical diagnoses, and echocardiographic diagnoses. Prevalence and patterns were compared with previous findings. Results: During this period, a total of 1496 echocardiographic examinations were done. One hundred and four (7.0%) had RHD. There were 69 females (66.3%) and 35 males (33.7%) aged 30.7 + 14.0 years (range 12–70 years). Forty (38.5%) were aged 15–24 years. The commonest lesions were mixed mitral valve disease and aortic regurgitation (26.9%) followed by combination of mitral and aortic regurgitation (25%), and pure mitral regurgitation in 17.3%. Complications of RHD observed included secondary pulmonary hypertension (50%), left ventricular dysfunction (40.4%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (8.7%), infective endocarditis (1.9%), and intra cardiac thrombus (1.9%). Conclusion: RHD is still an important cause of cardiac morbidity. Although there is a reduction in prevalence compared to previous finding in the same center, while the patients are a bit older, they had more severe disease and still had complications at diagnosis.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), is an important application modality for the advancement of wound healing processes. In this study, histological and morphometric analyses have been made to understand and compare effects of high-power 808-nm pulses on circular skin wounds among groups irradiated immediately after wounding and groups irradiated at specific stages of the healing period. Experimental groups were as follows: Laser Therapy (LT) was received as three sessions of laser irradiation (6.38 J/cm(2) , 1.276 W/cm(2) , 808 nm) immediately after wounding (Inflammatory group, n = 12), 24 hours post-wounding (Proliferative group, n = 12), and 72 hours post-wounding (Remodeling group, n = 12); the Control group (n = 12) received no irradiation. Histological analyses were performed on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days post-wounding. Mean wound diameters were 5 mm for all groups. On Day 7, wound diameters were measured as 2.99 ± 0.17, 2.95 ± 0.3, 2.52 ± 0.11, and 2.41 ± 0.34 mm for the Control, Inflammatory, Proliferative, and Remodeling groups, respectively. At 2 weeks post-wounding, dermal tissue in the Inflammatory and Proliferative groups closed superficially, while 1.30 ± 0.1 mm and 1.30 ± 0.06 mm openings remained in the Control and Remodeling groups, respectively. Mean wound healing rates (WHR) for all treatment groups were found to differ significantly from the control group (P < 0.05). Upon comparing the Proliferative group with the other treatment groups, a significant difference was found. However, no significant difference was found between the Inflammatory and Remodeling groups, with the former having a slightly higher mean value. Histological and morphometric results showed that high-power, low-energy application has the best effect when first applied 24 hours post-wounding (late inflammatory, early proliferative stage) as demonstrated by increases in granulation tissue, fibroblasts and collagen deposition, which lead to faster rates of wound contraction and thus accelerated healing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of bacterial intra- and interspecies interactions on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to develop mixed-culture biofilms on an abiotic substratum, as well as on the subsequent resistance of sessile cells to chemical disinfection. Initially, three strains from each species were selected and left to attach and form biofilms on stainless steel (SS) coupons incubated at 15°C for 144 h, in periodically renewable tryptone soy broth (TSB), under either monoculture or mixed-culture (mono-/dual-species) conditions. Following biofilm formation, mixed-culture sessile communities were subjected to 6-min disinfection treatments with (i) benzalkonium chloride (50 ppm), (ii) sodium hypochlorite (10 ppm), (iii) peracetic acid (10 ppm), and (iv) a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (5 ppm) and peracetic acid (5 ppm). Results revealed that both species reached similar biofilm counts (ca. 10 5 CFU cm −2 ) and that, in general...

ABSTRACT: Remote home management is one of the developing areas in current technology. In this paper we described how to manage and control home appliances using mobile phone, people can use this system to do things in their home from a far place before they reach home. For instance, user may start his/her room cooler or heater so that before they reach home the condition in the room will be conducive, also appliances like washing machine and cooker can be started and if the time taken for this appliances to perform a ...

The study assessed the effects of irrigation farming on socio-economic development in Kafur Local Government area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The study used three hundred and seventy-nine (379) irrigation farmers selected from two registered and functional irrigation Farmers’ Association in Kafur and Mahuta districts. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in the administration of questionnaire to the 379 sampled irrigation farmers. The research centred on primary data such as information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of farmers, major crops grown and types of technology adopted, land holdings and form of labour deployed, socioeconomic benefits of the scheme and constraints to irrigation activities. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, averages and percentages was used to summarize the data into tabular forms. Similarly, charts were produced to show the results clearly. Additionally, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationshi...

Let X be an arbitrary poset. The semigroup I+(X) of all order-increasing partial one– one mappings of X is shown to be an ample semigroup with some interesting properties. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition (on the totally ordered sets X and Y) for I+(X) and I+(Y) to be ...