Valentino Straser

A Radio Finding Detection Network is proposed to detect Solar Electro-Magnetic (EM) Induction effects producing an electromotive force, or voltage, across ancient electrical conducting volcanic rock complexes underlying North America. Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP), climate change, hurricanes, tornadoes, lightning, earthquakes, volcanism, and certain types of wildfire outbreaks may be stimulated during a weakening of the solar magnetic field especially during the upcoming solar minimum, increasing Earth’s internal inductance power capable of driving much more violent events. This experimental testing is aimed at globally monitoring geophysical EM events to develop new forecasting methods. North American focus is on the New Madrid Fault, Florida hurricanes, and California wildfire and earthquakes, improving the science of natural disaster forecasting, management, investment, and governance, contributing to better resource-related negotiations and policy debates.

In this study, the Radio Direction Finding method is proposed for the detection of electromagnetic signals, in the VLF band, to try to anticipate the occurrence of potentially destructive geophysical events. The experimentation concerns the interception of electromagnetic anomalies in Sierra Leone, in the five-day time window, associated with seismic events that could potentially generate tsunamis. The area of investigation is Sierra Leone, whose coastline is subjected to tidal wave hazards triggered by earthquakes generated in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although Sierra Leone is not affected by recurrent earthquakes, there is nevertheless a low probability, estimated at 2 percent, of the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in the next 50 years. Also in estimates, the risk of rogue and potentially damaging waves is estimated to strike the Sierra Leone coast at least once in the next 10 years. The Radio Direction Finding experiment carried out continuously 24/7, has shown a close relat...

Morphological evidence in active tectonic areas containing subcircular geometries suggests that these geometries may be the result of mechanisms other than those described by translational dynamics of complex faults. The mechanics of endogenic forces, particularly convection currents, have not been fully explained.  Magma upwelling from the mantle, which differs in density from upward flows developing in the atmosphere and in water, can trigger endogenic vortexes under certain conditions and due to Coriolis Force.Vortexes apply lateral forces as a result of rotation at their onset and ascent phases, opening their way toward the surface and eventually stabilizing  the channel. In contrast to a rising linear flow, which compacts overlaying materials, inhibiting its surge, vortex flows unload materials from the outside and compact them on the channel's lateral surface, making it more regular and stable.Torsional movements on the surface associated with volcanites, lateral ramps, and subcircular elevations can be seen. Volcanic cones with pseudo-rotations in the morphologies surrounding the crater are another phenomenon that could be caused by vortex dynamics.We propose a model for a vortex theory in this paper, which could explain Earth dynamics in terms of spiralling movement and magma upwelling stabilizing  over time.

In this research we want to propose an innovative teaching Method of Structural Geology and Tectonics in a modern concept of " flipped classroom " based on the three main " perceptive mode " : auditive (A), kinesthetic (K), and visual (V). When we interact with a classroom or with a singular student, in order to be sure to achieve the goal is fundamental a previous check about what contents we want to transmit and how. The " how " it's about both verbal and nonverbal aspect. through the five senses the person understand the world and all the information are elaborated and developed by the brain the produce as output our personal imagine of all " out of us " and external happening. This mental representation is built thanks to the information gathered through the senses, it will be also implemented by other complementary information like imagine, word, sounds, smells and all the element that we are able to collect and percept. In this way when we think, imagine or remember, we do all these actions through mental representation in which the sense are the fundamental tool in order to acquire them. We continue to seek new information through our senses that are our bridge with the real world, and they help us to understand the external world through an active research of new information to elaborate. The perception of the reality is an indirect phenomenon because the information that we gathered are mediated both hour sense and also by personal framework of the acquisition of information. The imagines that we see are transfer from eyes to the brain passing through several areas of it, that codify and elaborate them. In this way there are both graphic developing process and an important link with the areas of brain in which are insert the elaboration of feeling and emotions. All of us use tools in order to find touchpoint with the external world, and these are liked to a five entry channel (input), also called five senses: sight, hearing, touch, sense of smell and taste. Although we have the possibilities to use whole of five, often we tend to prefer use manly one. Every one of us for a lot of time, tend to prefer, on a different level, the information coming a single sense. They could be defined as " perceptive mode " and the sense that assume the prevalent importance is defined as primary or dominant perceptive mode. The didactics od Structural Geology and Tectonics also linked the these mechanism. The didactics method could be resume in six step: 1 – understanding of the problem, 2 – Creation and a description trough a creative writing, 3 – Comparison among the students, 4 – The role of the teacher is to coordinate as a sort of moderator the different point of view through a concept of flipped classroom, 5 – Trip field, 6 – Summary of the knowledge acquired.

This study discusses the possible relationship between potentially destructive seismic events, earthquake swarms, and intense weather events occurring in the same epicentral zone at time intervals ranging from one day to a few weeks. The objective of the present study is, therefore, to analyze the interaction between the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere in order to propose, prospectively, a new hydro-climatic model to be applied not only in Italy, where this research was carried out. The study concerns some of the most intense Italian earthquakes starting from 1920, with the destructive event in Lunigiana, in North Western Apennines, until the recent earthquake swarm that hit the Emilia-Romagna region followed, as in the cases analyzed in this research, by strong atmospheric disturbances. The recurrence associating seismic events with atmospheric precipitation allows us to propose some hypotheses about the triggering mechanism. In tectonically stressed areas, during pre-seism...

On August 24, 2016 at 01:36:32 UTC a destructive earthquake hit Central Italy with a magnitude of M6.2. The authors of this study have recorded some electromagnetic signals that have preceded this strong earthquake. These signals were recorded through two electromagnetic monitoring stations realized by Gabriele Cataldi and Daniele Cataldi, located near the town of Albano Laziale (Rome, Italy) and near the city of Lariano (Rome, Italy) and can monitor the radio spectrum 24h7 between 0.001 Hz and 96 kHz (SELF-LF band). The electromagnetic monitoring allowed to identify two interesting types of electromagnetic anomalies: the first electromagnetic anomaly was recorded on August 18, 2016 between 02:47 UTC and 06:21 UTC, in the VLF band prevalently between 18kHz and 26kHz; the second electromagnetic anomaly was registered between 08:00 UTC on August 23, 2016 and 05:00 UTC on August 24, 2016, prevalently between 0.01 and 0.7Hz: the most intense signals were recorded at 08:50 UTC on August 23, 2016 and approximately 1 hour before the strong earthquake. The Earth’s electromagnetic background monitoring in the SELF-VLF band (0Hz<f<30kHz) is a methodology of scientific investigation that has allowed to demonstrate the existence of Seismic Electromagnetic Precursors (SEPs). The studies that the authors have realized within this new scientific context (as well as technological) have allowed us to understand that there are actually two families of pre-seismic radio emissions: 1) radio emissions identified as Earth’s geomagnetic field disturbances related to "near Earth" solar wind proton density increase variations, and for this reason it can be seen from any point on the Earth (this is "no local" type emissions); 2) radio signals are not connected directly to the solar and geomagnetic activity: these radio signals are probably generated by piezoelectricity phenomena occurring near the focal area of the earthquake and are detectable near earthquake epicenter (this is a "local" type emissions). It is therefore clear that the monitoring of solar activity and Earth’s geomagnetic activity is an activity of fundamental importance to be able to have a general understanding of pre-seismic radio signals nature. In fact, as the authors demonstrated that all M6+ earthquakes that occur on a global scale are always preceded by an increase of the solar wind proton density near Earth, the solar and geomagnetic activity monitoring is a seismic prediction method that has proven reliable for understanding when we can expect a recovery of the M6+ global seismic activity and could be used internationally as an indicator of seismic risk in the countries where there are potentially destructive earthquakes and tsunamis.

The study aims to present data on the broadband electromagnetic monitoring (SELF-VLF band, 0.001-30000Hz) able to work 24h7, within the electromagnetic monitoring network with RDF (Radio Direction Finder) technology. It is the first network of this type able to work on a wide bandwidth (ELF-VLF band, 30-30000Hz) specially designed to study the so-called "Seismic Electromagnetic Precursors" (SEPs) and the "Seismic Geomagnetic Precursors" (SGPs). In particular, some electromagnetic signals appeared six days before an earthquake of magnitude Mw 4.1 occurred on 01/01/2019 at 18:37:46 (UTC) in the area: 3 km W Collelongo (AQ) (data INGV), on the azimuth identified by the monitoring system of the Radio Emissions Project, based precisely on RDF - Radio Direction Finding technology of the Radio Emissions Project. The signal appeared initially at 03:10 UTC on 26 December 2018, and presented an azimuth identical to that of the seismic epicenter (axis - 80 - 260) indicating precisely and with low error in degrees, the geographic area of the municipality of Collelongo (AQ) 6 days before this earthquake occurred. The main and strong increase (between 0 Hz and 32000 Hz) lasted until 06:00 UTC on 26 December 2018, while other signals reappeared later, at 09.10 UTC and at 12:52 UTC on 26 December 2018. Also in this case the azimuthal emissions indicating the seismic epicenter had a bandwidth of 32000 Hz. From 02.10 UTC to 11:50 UTC on 29 December 2018 other signals indicating the azimuth of the seismic epicenter appeared at an electromagnetic frequency of 4000 Hz. The last appearance of the signals associated with the seismic azimuth occurred on December 31st. 2018, at 10:10 UTC, a few hours from the earthquake of Mw 4.1. The results of the electromagnetic monitoring have allowed to find a close correlation between the seismic event in question, and the background electromagnetic noise inside the band SELF-VLF (0-32000Hz) monitored: the azimuthal data related to the background electromagnetic noise they are superimposable with the azimuth of the seismic epicenter located at 3 km W Collelongo (AQ), and about 60.8 km away from the monitoring station located in Lariano (Rome, Italy) near the Volcano Laziale.

An earthquake is not simply a sudden movement of the earth's crust, but the final product of a process that may have begun much earlier. In an area subject to tectonic stress, there can be precursory phenomena since this is where crustal deformation accumulates. A variation in gravity, measured instrumentally to the sixth decimal place, is one of the possible candidates to analyse measurable signals that precede, accompany and follow a seismic tremor. To verify the relationship between the number of earthquakes, the energy released, and the variations in gravity, the sequence in Central Italy was examined, above all that of January 2017. Data from a gravimeter located about 270 kilometres from the epicentral areas have been modelled as Standard Deviation, obtained from gravity measurements (400) carried out on the respective days. This indicator, of a statistical and mathematical nature, indicates the degree of dispersion with respect to its mean value, taken as the average valu...

This paper presents the outcome of monitoring aimed at studying seismic precursor candidates with a multi-parameter system, carried out at a Science Camp in July 2022 in the northwestern Italian Apennines, in the province of Parma. Pre seismic signals, closely related to the preparatory stages of an earthquake, were detected with a crustal diagnosis, based on physical signals, generated by tectonic stress. The instrumental results show a potential temporal concatenation, which describe, at the level of hypothesis, the phases of the ongoing tectonic stress. The model followed Zou’s theories who which associate the formation of plasmas in the atmosphere with the piezoelectricity of rocks under stress. According to his model, rocks placed under tectonic stress and in the presence of moisture can produce both charged particles and radio electromagnetic waves, at high and low frequencies. A spherical plasmoid would originate from this combination as a wave-particle interaction effect. Ac...

This study was a scientific validation of some ancient methods used for purifying water and selecting springs based on the nature of the soil and rocks. A historical and scientific analysis of the territory was made, with the aim of trying to identify ancient methods which might be retrieved and used again in a modern way for a comprehensive interpretation of the environment we live in. The investigation was led near Parma in the north of Italy, in mountainous and hilly areas which rise from rocky outcrops consisting of fragments of the ancient oceanic crust composed of argillaceous complexes, ultrabasic rocks from the ophiolite succession as well as flyschoid sedimentary rocks containing arenaceous, carboniferous and marly elements.Cette étude vise à vérifier, d'après les principes scientifiques, les méthodes anciennes utilisées pour la purification de l'eau et la sélection des sources basées sur la nature des sols et des roches. Ces travaux constituent une lecture historic...

The forecast of the start date of the Etna volcano eruption is considered. For the first time in the history of volcanology, the forecast was made by two independent methods. The first method analyzed the nature of changes in electromagnetic emission in the environment surrounding the volcano, while the second method predicted the date of Etna's eruption based on a trend composed of regularly measured electromagnetic emission parameters.

The causes of earthquakes can be multiple and diverse, including those related with human activity. Various types of energy should then be evaluated besides the ones of tectonic origin, in order to build a specific modeling system of the data, which may support a probabilistic earthquake prediction in the short term. Among them, there are gravitational, inertial, electric and electromagnetic energies. The scientific question which the authors have tried to answer in the present study, is whether the global M6+ seismic activity is preceded by an increase in the solar activity, and in particular in the ionic variation of the solar wind. For this purpose, an analysis was performed on 428 earthquakes with greater than or equal to M6+ magnitude, which occurred on a global scale between 2012 and 2014. The data on seismicity have been compared with those provided by the geomagnetic observatories and those on the solar modulation transmitted by the ACE satellite orbiting the L1 point at 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. As the results reveal, the analyzed earthquakes with magnitude greater than M6+ have shown a remarkably higher occurrence during the phases of increase and decrease of the proton density of the solar wind.

Between August 2016 and October 2016 in Italy were recorded three strong earthquakes: M6.2 on August 2016 at 01:36:32 UTC; M6.1 on October 26, 2016 at 19:18:08 UTC and M6,6 on October 30, 2016 at 06:40:18 UTC. The authors of this study wanted to verify the existence of a correlation between these earthquakes and solar/geomagnetic activity. To confirming or not the presence of this kind of correlation, the authors analyzed the conditions of Spaceweather "near Earth" and the characteristics of the Earth’s geomagnetic field in the hours that preceded the three earthquakes. The data relating to the three earthquakes were provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The data on ion density used to realize the correlation study are represented by: solar wind ion density variation detected by ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) Satellite, in orbit near the L1 Lagrange point, at 1.5 million of km from Earth, in direction of the Sun. The instrument used to perform the measurement of the solar wind ion density is the Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (EPAM) instrument, equipped on the ACE Satellite. To conduct the study, the authors have taken in consideration the variation of the solar wind protons density of three different energy fractions: differential proton flux 1060-1900 keV (p/cm^2-sec-ster-MeV); differential proton flux 761-1220 keV (p/cm^2-sec-ster-MeV); differential proton flux 310-580 keV (p/cm^2-sec-ster-MeV). Geomagnetic activity data were provided by Tromsø Geomagnetic Observatory (TGO), Norway; by Scoresbysund Geomagnetic Observatory (SCO), Greenland, Denmark; Dikson Geomagnetic Observatory (DIK), Russia and by Pushkov Institute of terrestrial magnetism, ionosphere and radio wave propagation (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow Region. The results of the study, in agreement with what already ascertained by authors from 2012, have confirmed that the three strong Italian earthquakes were preceded by a clear increase of the solar wind proton density which subsequently generated perturbation of the Earth’s geomagnetic field. The characteristics of ionic variation of the interplanetary medium and the subsequent perturbations of the Earth’s geomagnetic field could be used as a global seismic trigger indicator to understand when it’s possible expect a resumption of M6+ seismic activity.

Prediction crosses all fields of Science, being itself the evident manifestation of the Scientific Method. This study addresses the delicate aspect of vibration forecasting, which considers the association and interaction between the variables involved, such as radio anomalies, the proton density of the solar wind preceding strong vibration. The analysis is based on the collection of about 800 data of vibration of range equal to or greater than 6 occurred on a global scale between 2012 and 2014, related to solar wind and radio anomalies detected before the disastrous Tohoku vibration of March 11, 2011. To discuss the data has been applied the deductive logic, which allows to make predictions from the hypotheses, formulated in a mathematical way. In this context, the mechanisms of triggering vibration are hypothesized with an interaction of electrical nature, at subatomic scale. The outcome of the research has shown encouraging results on the application of the prediction formula, re...

From the results of monitoring carried out in Italy, analyses were made of radio wave anomaly data in frequencies lower than 10 Hz and peaks between 55 microGauss and 0.3milliGauss which had preceded the M9.0 Japanese earthquake on 11 March 2011. From the 1 March onwards, the “trains” of interferences had already markedly increased -a good 179 radio wave anomalies were measured, in comparison to 109 during the previous month, February 2011. This series of data remained on the high side until plummeting to only 66 on the day of the earthquake, then rising sharply again to 246 on the following day (12 th March 2011). The magnetic field observed by satellite, both before and during the earthquake, showed a pattern analogous to the number of radio wave anomalies measured on the ground. Here too there was a dramatic fall when the earthquake occurred, followed by an abrupt rise. In Italy, just a few minutes after the mainshock, the gravimeter registered a substantial reduction in the grav...

Forecasting large earthquakes M ≥ 6.0 with satellite monitoring and Radio Direction Finding techniques of Electro-Magnetic (EM) precursors associated with earthquakes are possible. International Earthquake and Volcano Prediction Center (www.ievpc.org) consider phenomena driving earthquakes within a framework of strong solar EM coupling with the entire Earth system, through EM induction driving ionosphere-airearth currents. Catastrophic earthquakes have repeatedly stricken the New Madrid Seismic Zone during the last 4 major solar hibernation cycles since 1400 AD. Research suggests another cycle of strong magnitude 6.0 to 8.0 earthquakes in the New Madrid region during the upcoming (~2021-2057), solar minimum period. The 1811–12 earthquakes, occurred in the midst of Dalton Solar Minimum (1793-1830), causing many types of ground failures including lateral spreading and ground subsidence by soil liquefaction across the Mississippi River flood plain and tributaries over 15,000km. Studies...

The causes that generate an earthquake can be of various kinds and, generally, there is talk of tectonic earthquakes. This type of earthquakes, unlike sudden events, such as collapses, explosions or meteoritic impacts, follow a seismic cyclicity. During the intermediate and presismic phase they are often associated with tectonic stress tension precursors of physical and chemical nature. In this study one of these aspects is analyzed: the electromagnetic interaction generated by the deformation of minerals subjected to stress in tectinically active areas. The recognition system, at the moment in the experimental phase, is the Radio Direction Finding (RDF) Network: a monitoring system that intercepts the frequencies and identifies its direction. The use of several monitoring stations makes it possible to make triangulation and locate the area of the potential epicenter already five days before the main shock. In this study two recent earthquakes occurred in Italy, in Milan and Verona, where the RDF system has proved to be an effective method of monitoring the crustal tensions in the presismic phase, thanks to the <continuous> electromagnetic monitoring network equipped with RDF technology from the Radio Emissions Project team.

In recent decades we are moving towards the hypothesis that electromagnetic (EM) processes inside the solar system (not yet fully understood from a physical point of view), may be linked with the energy released during major geophysical events (energy expressed in magnitude or Volcanic Explosivity Index). This research has focused on analysis of the temporal relationship between EM processes inside the solar system and major geophysical events around the crucial phase of the Maunder solar minima (1645-1715). To carry out this study thirty-five limit values of the heliospheric magnetic field strength HMF (minimum and/or maximum) were compared, in terms of time, with twenty-one major geophysical events which occurred between 1600 and 1729. In the solar-terrestrial interaction, the concomitant conditions necessary for the amplification of the energy of the geophysical event, are two: i. low solar activity during a long period (from decades to centuries), for example, the historical sol...