Yogesh Kumar

Objective: The present study was carried out to analyze the bioactive component of petroleum ether (PE) extract of Bixa orellana seed and its anticancer potential against B16F-10 melanoma cell line. Methods: The presence of a bioactive component of PE extract was analyzed by GC-MS method. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptotic inductive effect of the extract was evaluated by AO/EB staining; DAPI is staining and Annexin V/PI staining. DNA fragmentation analysis of the control and treated cell was carried out by agarose gel electrophoresis and comet assay. In vitro prevention of cell proliferation and migration was further estimated by colony forming assay and wound healing assay respectively. Results: The cytotoxicity of the PE extract against B16F10 melanoma cell was dose and time dependent. The IC 50 values for the B16F-10 melanoma cell were 145.98±7.49 µg/ml and 121.60±6.20µg/ml for 24h and 48h respectively. DAPI staining showed DNA fragmentation which was further ...

This paper will discuss some ground breaking changes in the solar cell converter. There are changes that we have incorporated result in a significant improvement over the present technology. The aim of this paper was to determine a way to reduce the size while improving lifetime of the device, without a compromise to cost.

ABSTRACT Recently Mishra et al. (Mishra AP, et al. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 2013;120:114–9), while analyzing the effects of cascading through circular orbits (l=n−1)(l=n−1)on the decay of unresolved 2p,2s→1s2p,2s→1s transitions of H-like Fe, neglected the effect of electric field at the exit surface of foil on the lifetime of the 2s state. In the present work we have considered the combined effect of cascading through circular orbits and the Stark mixing on the decay of the 2p,2s→1s2p,2s→1s transitions of H-like Fe in beam–foil excitation. It is observed that the natural lifetime of the 2s state (350.6 ps) is reduced to 221.8±22.4 ps due to Stark mixing of the long-lived 2s 2S 1/2 state with the very close and short-lived 2pP1/2o2 state. The strength of the electric field responsible for such mixing comes out to be 7.09±0.37×106 V/cm. The results of the present work for cascading of circular orbits through the 2p state are in good agreement (within the error bars) with those obtained earlier by Mishra et al.

ABSTRACT Highly diastereo- and π-facially selective imino Diels–Alder cycloadditions of 3-allylideneamino-2-azetidinones having stereocentres at its α- and β-positions, with symmetrical dienophiles leading to the formation of biologically potent (2-oxo-4-styrylazetidin-3-yl)–pyridine hybrids have been reported.

There are many children who look normal and behave normally but academically, they are not as good as their peers. They suffer from a lesser-known condition called learning disability (LD). Children spend most part of their learning hours in school with teachers, who are responsible for the integrated all round development of a child. Keeping all this in view a comparative study of awareness and attitude regarding learning disabilities of children was carried out among teachers working in selected private and Government schools of Ambala, Haryana. Objectives of the study were to assess and compare the awareness and attitude of private and government school teachers regarding learning disabilities of children. The study was also intended to determine the relationship between awareness and attitude scores of private and government school teachers regarding learning disabilities of children and to find the association of the levels of awareness and attitude of private and government school teachers regarding learning disabilities of children with selected personal variables. 120 subjects (60 form private schools and 60 from Government schools) were conveniently selected. The data related to awareness and attitude of teachers was assessed by their response to structured awareness questionnaire and 3- point attitude scale. There was no significant difference in awareness of private and government school teachers regarding learning disabilities of the children. Moreover, in both the private and Government schools, the teachers had the highest awareness deficit in the area of ‘role of teachers in management of learning disabilities’. There was a significant difference in attitude of private and government school teachers towards children suffering from learning disabilities. A low degree positive relationship was also found between awareness and attitude obtained by private and government school teachers regarding learning disabilities of children

ABSTRACT The fabrication of multi-stage depressed collector for space TWTs involve several complexities due to the stringent space constraints imposed. Few common problems encountered are: (1) high voltage breakdown problems; (2) large size; (3) bulkier; (4) long fabrication time. In order to counteract these problems, single-ceramic technology has been used in the fabrication of the collector. Due to this, size and weight reduction has been made possible. Further, radial feed-throughs have been used rather than axil feed-throughs, thereby eliminating highvoltage break-down issues. The number of operations involved in the fabrication of the collector has been reduced from fourteen to four, as compared to its conventional multi-ceramic counterpart.

Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. There is considerable controversy regarding whether vascular occlusion should be used or not during elective liver resections. The method of vascular occlusion employed is also controversial. There is also considerable debate on the role of ischaemic preconditioning before vascular occlusion. To assess the advantages (decreased blood loss and peri-operative morbidity) and disadvantages (liver dysfunction from ischaemia) of vascular occlusion during liver resections. To compare the advantages (in decreasing blood loss or decreasing ischaemia-reperfusion injury) and disadvantages of different types of vascular occlusion versus total, continuous portal triad clamping. We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until March 2007. We included randomised clinical trials comparing vascular occlusion versus no vascular occlusion during elective liver resections (irrespective of language or publication status). We also included randomised clinical trials comparing the different methods of vascular occlusion and those investigating the role of ischaemic preconditioning in liver resection. We collected the data on the characteristics of the trial, methodological quality of the trials, mortality, morbidity, blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, liver function tests, markers of neutrophil activation, operating time, and hospital stay. We analysed the data with both the fixed-effect and the random-effects models using RevMan Analysis. For each binary outcome we calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on intention-to-treat analysis. For continuous outcomes, we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals. We identified a total of 16 randomised trials. Five trials including 331 patients compared vascular occlusion (n = 166) versus no vascular occlusion (n = 165). Six trials including 521 patients compared different methods of vascular occlusion. Three trials including 210 patients compared ischaemic preconditioning before continuous portal triad clamping (n = 105) versus no ischaemic preconditioning (n = 105). Two trials including 127 patients compared ischaemic preconditioning before continuous portal triad clamping (n = 63) versus intermittent portal triad clamping (n = 64). The blood loss was significantly lower in vascular occlusion compared with no vascular occlusion. The liver enzymes were significantly elevated in the vascular occlusion group compared with no vascular occlusion. There was no difference in the mortality, liver failure, or other morbidities. Four of the five trials comparing vascular occlusion and no vascular occlusion used intermittent vascular occlusion. Trials comparing complete inflow and outflow occlusion to the liver, ie, hepatic vascular exclusion and portal triad clamping demonstrate significant detrimental haemodynamic changes in hepatic vascular exclusion compared to portal triad clamping. There was no significant difference in the number of units transfused and the number of patients needing transfusion. There was no difference in mortality, liver failure, or morbidity between total and selective methods of portal triad clamping. All four cases of mortality and liver failure in the comparison between the intermittent and continuous portal triad clamping occurred in the continuous portal triad clamping (statistically not significant). Intermittent portal triad clamping does not increase the total blood loss or operating time compared to continuous portal triad clamping. There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality, liver failure, morbidity, blood loss, or haemodynamic changes between ischaemic preconditioning versus no ischaemic preconditioning before continuous portal triad clamping. Liver enzymes used as markers of liver injury were significantly lower in the early post-operative period in the ischaemic preconditioning group. The intensive therapy unit stay and hospital stay were statistically significantly lower in the ischaemic preconditioning group than in the no ischaemic preconditioning group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality, liver failure, morbidity, intensive therapy unit stay, or hospital stay between ischaemic preconditioning before continuous portal triad clamping and intermittent portal triad clamping. The blood loss and transfusion requirements were lower in the ischaemic preconditioning group. Aspartate aminotransferase level was lower in the intermittent portal triad clamping group than the ischaemic preconditioning group on the third post-operative day. There was no difference in the peak aspartate aminotransferase levels or in the aspartate aminotransferase levels on first or sixth post-operative days of…

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... with MWCNT electrodes using ionic liquid (EMITf) and PVDF-HFP based polymeric gel electrolytes with magnesium salt were constructed and characterized using ac impedance analysis, linear sweep CV, and galvanostatic ... G.Girish Kumar and N.Munichandraiah, Electrochim. ...

Presently various state machines use limited sensory inputs which provide information only about adjacent cells in their grid world. Sensory transducers may be accomplished. Sense of vision provides a large amount of distant information about world ...