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« t c En esta etapa de Actas Dermosifiliográficas el nuevo comité de redacción retoma del equipo predecesor el testigo y el encargo no solo de mantener, sino de mejorar en lo posible la calidad de la revista, como paso previo para que... more
« t c En esta etapa de Actas Dermosifiliográficas el nuevo comité de redacción retoma del equipo predecesor el testigo y el encargo no solo de mantener, sino de mejorar en lo posible la calidad de la revista, como paso previo para que Actas se convierta en la primera revista de dermatología de habla hispana con factor de impacto. Para ello, además de contar con una estructuración de secciones y contenidos acorde a las demandas del lector y a la producción científica actuales, resulta del mayor interés la incorporación de instrumentos que permitan a los autores adaptar los manuscritos y la comunicación de sus resultados a los estándares internacionalmente aceptados. Este es el motivo por el cual el comité de redacción ha planteado incorporar a la declaración CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)1, ya incluida en las normas de autor de Actas, las iniciativas STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)2 y STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD)3. Estas iniciativas, aunque a veces interpretadas como el penúltimo obstáculo en el proceso de publicación de un artículo, proporcionan listados de comprobación y diagramas de flujo que deben considerarse en todos los casos como instrumentos de ayuda a los autores durante este proceso. Promovidas y desarrolladas por grupos colaborativos internacionales de epidemiólogos, estadísticos, metodólogos, investigadores y editores de revistas científicas, las iniciativas CONSORT, STROBE y STARD nacen para reforzar la comunicación de los resultados obtenidos en ensayos clínicos, estudios observacionales y estudios sobre pruebas diagnósticas respectivamente. Los principios de la lectura crítica no son aplicables si los aspectos metodológicos no quedan claramente descritos en los originales. Así al menos lo han entendido decenas de revistas científicas que incluyen los listados de verificación de las declaraciones CONSORT, STROBE y STARD entre los prerrequisitos para la valoración de los originales recibidos. p t r g
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The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new virucidal treatments. In this sense, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with white light, to take advantage of the... more
The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new virucidal treatments. In this sense, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with white light, to take advantage of the sunlight, is a potent strategy for decreasing the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Here, we report the virucidal effect of PDT based on Hypericum extract (HE) in combination with white light, which exhibits an inhibitory activity of the human coronavirus HCoV-229E on hepatocarcinoma Huh-7 cells. Moreover, despite continuous exposure to white light, HE has long durability, being able to maintain the prevention of viral infection. Given its potent in vitro virucidal capacity, we propose HE in combination with white light as a promising candidate to fight against SARS-CoV-2 as a virucidal compound.
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Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC... more
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. This review was focused on how mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate to determine the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of OSCC and CSCC. In fact, driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. These include mutations in TP53 (encoding pP53 protein), CDKN2A (encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), FAT1 (encoding FAT atypical cadherin 1), and KMT2D (encoding lysine methyltransferase 2D), with the exception of NOTCH (encoding Notch receptor 1), whose mutation frequency is lower in OSCC compared to CSCC. Finally, we describe the differential ...
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The issue is focused on Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality approved for treatment of several types of cancer and non-oncological disorders [...]
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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with methyl-aminolevulinate acid (MAL-PDT) is being used for the treatment of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but recurrences have been reported. In this work, we have evaluated resistance mechanisms to MAL-PDT... more
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with methyl-aminolevulinate acid (MAL-PDT) is being used for the treatment of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but recurrences have been reported. In this work, we have evaluated resistance mechanisms to MAL-PDT developed by three BCC cell lines (ASZ, BSZ and CSZ), derived from mice on a ptch+/− background and with or without p53 expression, subjected to 10 cycles of PDT (10thG). The resistant populations showed mesenchymal-like structure and diminished proliferative capacity and size compared to the parental (P) cells. The resistance was dependent on the production of the endogenous photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX in the CSZ cell line and on its cellular localisation in ASZ and BSZ cells. Moreover, resistant cells expressing the p53 gene presented lower proliferation rate and increased expression levels of N-cadherin and Gsk3β (a component of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) than P cells. In contrast, 10thG cells lacking the p53 gene showed lower levels of express...
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aPDT combined with antimicrobials could be promising to manage skin and mucosal infections.
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Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment option for non-melanoma skin cancer, the development of aggressive tumours in PDT-treated areas has been described. To evaluate the clinical, histological, and biological... more
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment option for non-melanoma skin cancer, the development of aggressive tumours in PDT-treated areas has been described. To evaluate the clinical, histological, and biological characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in areas previously treated with PDT vs those arising in areas never treated with this therapeutic modality. A retrospective observational study was designed. We collected all cases of invasive SCCs in areas previously treated with PDT. The control group consisted of an equivalent number of SCCs randomly selected from the database of our pathology department. Expression of specific markers implicated in SCC progression, including p53, Ki67, COX-2, cyclin D1, E-cadherin, EGFR, survivin, and pERK, was analysed. A total of 699 patients were treated with PDT for non-melanoma skin cancer during the course of the study. Ten invasive SCCs arising in areas previously treated with methylaminolevulinate-PDT were d...
Research Interests: Cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Photodynamic Therapy, and 15 moreHumans, Skin Cancer, Female, Male, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Clinical Sciences, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Photochemotherapy, Sex Factors, Retrospective Studies, Basal cell carcinoma, Actinic Keratosis, Survivin, Skin Neoplasms, and Carcinoma in situ
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Healthier life styles include increased outdoors time practicing sports and walking. This means increased exposure to the sun, leading to higher risk of sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to topical barrier products, oral... more
Healthier life styles include increased outdoors time practicing sports and walking. This means increased exposure to the sun, leading to higher risk of sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to topical barrier products, oral supplementations of various botanicals endowed with antioxidant activity are emerging as novel method of photoprotection. Polypodium leucotomos extract (PL, commercial name Fernblock(®), IFC Group, Spain) is a powerful antioxidant due to its high content of phenolic compounds. PL is administered orally, with proven safety, and it can also be used topically. Its mechanisms include inhibition of the generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ultraviolet (UV) light. It also prevents UV- and ROS-induced DNA damage with inhibition of AP1 and NF-κB and protection of natural antioxidant enzyme systems. At the cellular level, PL decreases cellular apoptosis and necrosis mediated UV and inhibits abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. PL redu...
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In this review, we provide a wide, non-comprehensive overview of the latest trends in protection against the deleterious effects of the sun. The review is divided into physical blockade of UV photons, UV photon absorption and/or... more
In this review, we provide a wide, non-comprehensive overview of the latest trends in protection against the deleterious effects of the sun. The review is divided into physical blockade of UV photons, UV photon absorption and/or reflection provided by topical sunscreens and topical antioxidant compounds. The last section is devoted to the newest generation of dietary photoprotective compounds. Possible mechanisms, particularly antioxidant, are discussed.
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Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Membrane Proteins, Medicine, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreAssociation study, Humans, Skin Cancer, Melanoma, Keratin, Snp, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Linkage Disequilibrium, Basal cell carcinoma, Coronary Artery Disease, Genetic Predisposition, Allele, Skin Neoplasms, Molecular Sequence Data, and Medical and Health Sciences
Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, that is, the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects, most of them mediated by oxidative stress, include... more
Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, that is, the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects, most of them mediated by oxidative stress, include sunburn, immunosuppression photoaging, and skin cancer. A Polypodium leucotomos fern extract (Fernblock®) has shown cutaneous antioxidant properties after topical and/or oral administration. Fernblock inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion and their release, which are both induced by UV light. It also prevents damage to the DNA, inhibits UV-induced AP1 and NF-κB, and protects the endogenous skin natural antioxidant enzymatic systems (i.e., CAT, GSH, and GSSR). At a cellular level, its photoprotective effects include a marked decrease of UV-mediated cellular apoptosis and necrosis and a profound inhibition of abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. These molecular and cellular effects translate into long-term inhibition of photoaging and carcinogenesis.
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1 Bos JD, Meinardi MMHM, van Joost TH, Heule F, Powles AV, Fry L. Use of cyclosporin in psoriasis. Lancet 1989; I I : 1500– 1502. 2 Bencini PL, Montagnino G, Sala F. Cutaneous lesions in 67 cyclosporin treated renal transplant recipients.... more
1 Bos JD, Meinardi MMHM, van Joost TH, Heule F, Powles AV, Fry L. Use of cyclosporin in psoriasis. Lancet 1989; I I : 1500– 1502. 2 Bencini PL, Montagnino G, Sala F. Cutaneous lesions in 67 cyclosporin treated renal transplant recipients. Dermatologica 1986; 172 : 24–30. 3 Bencini PL, Montagnino G, Crosti C, Sala F, De Vecchi A. Acne in a kidney transplant patient treated with cyclosporin A. Br J Dermatol 1986; 114 : 396.
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Research Interests: Biology, Cancer Research, Medicine, Photodynamic Therapy, Cellular, and 15 moreHumans, Cell, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Photochemotherapy, Cell Shape, Cell Survival, Photosensitizer, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Aminolevulinic Acid, Survivin, Biochemistry and cell biology, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Skin Neoplasms, Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and Cadherins
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common malignant tumors of the skin. Treatment of BCCs should be chosen according to clinical type, tumor size, and location. Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the... more
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common malignant tumors of the skin. Treatment of BCCs should be chosen according to clinical type, tumor size, and location. Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to become a therapy with equal effectiveness to classical therapeutic modalities with an excellent cosmesis, but without complications like scar formation, requirement for grafts, need of repetitive treatments over longer time periods, or pigmentary changes. MAL is licensed in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil for the treatment of actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, and nodular and superficial BCC. Conclusions are drawn from extensive studies in past years using MAL-PDT for both nodular and superficial BCCs.
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In an ongoing screen for DNA sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 24,988,228 SNPs and small indels detected through whole-genome sequencing of... more
In an ongoing screen for DNA sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 24,988,228 SNPs and small indels detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders and imputed into 4,572 BCC patients and 266,358 controls. Here we show the discovery of four new BCC susceptibility loci: 2p24 MYCN (rs57244888[C], OR=0.76, P=4.7 × 10(-12)), 2q33 CASP8-ALS2CR12 (rs13014235[C], OR=1.15, P=1.5 × 10(-9)), 8q21 ZFHX4 (rs28727938[G], OR=0.70, P=3.5 × 10(-12)) and 10p14 GATA3 (rs73635312[A], OR=0.74, P=2.4 × 10(-16)). Fine mapping reveals that two variants correlated with rs73635312[A] occur in conserved binding sites for the GATA3 transcription factor. In addition, expression microarrays and RNA-seq show that rs13014235[C] and a related SNP rs700635[C] are associated with expression of CASP8 splice variants in which sequences from intron 8 are retained.
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Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, i.e., the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects include photoaging and skin cancer, and immunosuppression.... more
Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, i.e., the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects include photoaging and skin cancer, and immunosuppression. Photoprotection is endowed through two major modes of action: UV absorption or reflection/scattering; and tissue repair post-exposure. We and others have uncovered the photoprotective properties of an extract of the fern Polypodium leucotomos (commercial name Fernblock). Fernblock is an all-natural antioxidant extract, administered both topically (on the skin) or orally. It inhibits generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by UV including superoxide anion. It also prevents damage to the DNA, inhibits UV-induced AP1 and NF-κB, and protects endogenous skin natural antioxidant systems, i.e., CAT, GSH, and GSSR. Its photoprotective effects at a cellular level include a marked decrease of UV-mediated cellular apoptosis and necrosis...
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Background: The current vitamin D deficiency epidemic is accompanied by an increase in endemic skin cancer. There are still multiple controversies. This review aims to give practical recommendations regarding vitamin D among people at... more
Background: The current vitamin D deficiency epidemic is accompanied by an increase in endemic skin cancer. There are still multiple controversies. This review aims to give practical recommendations regarding vitamin D among people at risk or with a personal history of skin cancer. Methods: Narrative review including human research articles published between 2011 and 2021, elaborated bearing in mind an epidemiological, patient-centered approach. Results: Ultraviolet (UV) exposure (neither artificial nor natural) is not the ideal source to synthesize vitamin D. There is conflicting epidemiological evidence regarding vitamin D, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and cutaneous melanoma (CMM), confounded by the effect of sun exposure and other factors. Conclusions: Current evidence is controversial, and there are no widely applicable strategies. We propose three practical recommendations. Firstly, sun protection recommendations should be kept among people at risk or with a personal histor...
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Vitamin D enhances musculoskeletal health and reduces mortality related to bone disease in some populations, particularly the elderly and other high-risk groups. Evidence suggests that vitamin D has an impact in cancer, cardiovascular... more
Vitamin D enhances musculoskeletal health and reduces mortality related to bone disease in some populations, particularly the elderly and other high-risk groups. Evidence suggests that vitamin D has an impact in cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune processes, and infections. Epidemiologic studies have also detected vitamin D deficits or insufficiency in nearly all the world’s populations. Such evidence has led to debate related, to a certain degree, to photoprotective measures that aim at protecting against skin cancer. The latest recommendations of the American Institute of Medicine consider that serum levels of 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) appear to be adequate in the general population and achievable even with minimal sun exposure. If these figures are reliable, the apparent pandemic of vitamin D deficiency reported in recent years may be exaggerated. This article reviews the evidence and issues under discussion, looking especially at the role ultraviolet radiation plays in synthes...
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The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that... more
The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it coul...
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The microbiota changes as the host ages, but also the relationship between host and bacteria impacts host aging and life expectancy. Differences in the composition of certain bacterial species in the human gut and skin microbiome have... more
The microbiota changes as the host ages, but also the relationship between host and bacteria impacts host aging and life expectancy. Differences in the composition of certain bacterial species in the human gut and skin microbiome have been identified between the elderly and the young. In this sense, it has been suggested that the manipulation of the microbiota of older adults would be an innovative strategy in the prevention and treatment of age-related comorbidities.
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The objective was to analyse the genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from nasal and skin samples of atopic dermatitis (AD) paediatric patients, and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance phenotype-genotype and the... more
The objective was to analyse the genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from nasal and skin samples of atopic dermatitis (AD) paediatric patients, and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance phenotype-genotype and the immune-evasion-cluster (IEC) type of isolates. Forty S. aureus isolates from 35 patients (skin: 26; nasal samples: 14) were characterized. Isolates were submitted to spa-, agr- and multilocus sequence typing. All S. aureus strains analyzed were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). High genetic diversity was detected among the 40 MSSA isolates (especially among skin isolates), with detection of 27 different spa-types, 20 sequence-types and 16 clonal complexes (CCs). Lineages CC30 and CC5 were predominant among nasal isolates (71% vs 23% skin). Thirteen different CCs were detected among skin isolates, with detection of clades CC1, CC9 and CC398. Antimicrobial resistance rates detected were higher in skin than in nasal isolates, especially for macrolides, ami...
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After photodynamic therapy (PDT), the apparition of resistant tumor cells can occur. Laboratory models are being developed in order to understand the potential mechanisms implicated in such resistance. In this sense, we describe the... more
After photodynamic therapy (PDT), the apparition of resistant tumor cells can occur. Laboratory models are being developed in order to understand the potential mechanisms implicated in such resistance. In this sense, we describe the methods published for the isolation and characterization of tumor cells resistant to PDT. We also propose other unpublished procedures that could be of interest for the study of cells resistant to PDT. Factors such as the parental cell line, the photosensitizer (PS) (or prodrug), the photodynamic treatment conditions, the treatment interval, and the clonal or total population selection have to be taken into consideration. Treatment doses are generally high and repeated over time. The development of resistant cells to PDT could take several months. The characterization of resistant cell populations vs parental cells can be performed by using different cellular and molecular techniques, including: cell morphology analysis, intracellular PS content measurement, PS localization, migration and invasion capacity, expression and distribution of adhesion proteins, death proteins and evaluation of specific genes implicated in cell proliferation and survival. Transplantation mouse models also contribute to determine the biological activity of the PDT-resistant cells in vivo, allowing the evaluation of their tumorigenicity and aggressiveness. Laboratory cell models will help us to understand how resistance to anticancer PDT affects the biological and functional aspects of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, which are necessary to improve the clinical results.
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Onychomycosis is one of the most prevalent fungal infections in the population with a higher rate of treatment failures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the use of photosensitizers with light of an accurate wavelength, and in the... more
Onychomycosis is one of the most prevalent fungal infections in the population with a higher rate of treatment failures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the use of photosensitizers with light of an accurate wavelength, and in the presence of oxygen, reactive oxygen species are produced which induce cell death. PDT is widely used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, and other indications are being investigated, especially in superficial infections. To determine the effectiveness of PDT in a case of onychomycosis caused by moulds. A 75-year-old woman was diagnosed with onychomycosis caused by Acremonium sclerotigenum in the 5th finger. She was treated with 3 sessions of PDT with methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) separated by 15 days. The patient achieved mycological and clinical cure and remains asymptomatic after 12 months of follow up. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of MAL-PDT for onychomycosis. Its effectiveness, lack of adverse effects and satisfaction on the part of physicians and patients, suggest a promising future for this therapy in the management of superficial fungal infections, such as onychomycosis.
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Research Interests: Pediatrics, Immunohistochemistry, Treatment Outcome, Dermatology, Gigantism, and 15 moreHumans, Child, Male, Pedigree, Pediatric, Facies, Multiple, Pediatric dermatology, Syndrome, Skin Neoplasms, Severity of Illness Index, Hair Diseases, Pilomatrixoma, Craniofacial Abnormalities, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
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Research Interests: Asthma, Medicine, Humans, Celiac Disease, Female, and 4 moreSkin, Clinical Sciences, Adult, and Infarction
UV radiation is the main etiological agent of most types of skin cancer and a key factor responsible for photoaging. Photoprotection is thus critical to avoid these undesired effects. Sunscreens rank among the best photoprotective... more
UV radiation is the main etiological agent of most types of skin cancer and a key factor responsible for photoaging. Photoprotection is thus critical to avoid these undesired effects. Sunscreens rank among the best photoprotective measures. Sunscreens are the main ...