- Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research is a multidisciplinary, open access journal dedicated to providi... moreOpen Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research is a multidisciplinary, open access journal dedicated to providing the advancements and dissemination of scientific knowledge concerning veterinary sciences and related academic disciplines. The journal aims to promote ongoing international research and information exchange through publication of latest research reports in the field of veterinary science. The scope of this journal includes animal nutrition, veterinary science physiology, veterinary medicine and behavior; diagnosis, treatment and prevention among animal diseases, animal pathology & immunology, animal reproduction and assisted technologies, animal vaccine, animal viruses, research in veterinary science. The journal aspires to provide a global platform to scientists and researchers worldwide to submit their work in the form of research papers, review articles, case reports, short communication, mini reviews and editorials in all aspects of animal, veterinary sciences.edit
- Journal Coordinatoredit
Fasciolosis is one of the major constraint factors for ovine production development in Ethiopia by inflecting direct and indirect loss at different parts of the country. Ovine fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of... more
Fasciolosis is one of the major constraint factors for ovine production development in Ethiopia by inflecting direct and indirect loss at different parts of the country. Ovine fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of sheep caused by trematodes species of the genus Fasciola, which migrate in the hepatic parenchyma and establish and develops in the bile ducts. In Ethiopia, both species co-exist at different altitudes. The snails of the genus lymnae are mainly involved as an intermediate host in the life cycle of fasciolosis. Ovine fascioliasis in Ethiopia were losses annually estimated at 48.4 million Ethiopian birr due to mortality, productivity (weight loss and reproductive wastage), and liver condemnation at slaughter. This fasciola disease has three phases of clinical sign acute, sub-acute and chronic forms. Acute fasciolosis occurs as disease outbreak following a massive, but relatively short-term, intake of metacercariae. Death usually results from blood loss due to hemorrhage and tissue destruction caused by the migratory juvenile flukes in the live resulting in traumatic hepatitis. Diagnosis of Fasciolosis is based on clinical sign, grazing history, and seasonal occurrence, examination of feces by laboratory tests and post mortem examination. Treatment of infected animals will largely depend on the correct use of appropriate and registered anthelmintic. Triclabendazole is the most effective anthelmintic drug which can be destroys or kills all stage of fasciola. Fasciolosis may be controlled by reducing the populations of the intermediate snail host, or by appropriate anthelminthic treatment and the population of snail should be destroyed by applying Molluscicide and destroying the environment that suit for snail's reproduction.
Research Interests:
Female reproductive tract is composed of ovarium, oviduct, cervix and uterus. Development and function of reproductive tract is dispensable for maintenance and achievement of reproduction. Reproductive tract responses to cyclic changes... more
Female reproductive tract is composed of ovarium, oviduct, cervix and uterus. Development and function of reproductive tract is dispensable for maintenance and achievement of reproduction. Reproductive tract responses to cyclic changes and ovarium hormones which provide optimum conditions for gamete movement and development. While the potential influence of pituitary and gonadal hormones on reproductive function is clearly understood, the molecular mechanism regulating reproductive tract remains elusive. Although, post-transcriptional gene regulation has critical role in cell differentiation and proliferation, little information is available in post-transcriptional gene regulation in reproductive tract. Post-transcriptional gene regulation includes splicing, processing, transport and translation of mRNA. In addition, role of RNA binding proteins and recently discovered miRNAs were also implicated in reproductive tract.
Research Interests:
Water soluble vitamins play an integral role in normal metabolic function in cats. Thiamine deficiencies are a common issue in the pet food industry because thiamine degrades easily during processing. Specifically, when cats are fed a... more
Water soluble vitamins play an integral role in normal metabolic function in cats. Thiamine deficiencies are a common issue in the pet food industry because thiamine degrades easily during processing. Specifically, when cats are fed a diet low in thiamine they may develop life threatening health issues including anorexia, ventroflexion, neurological impairment, and possibly death within a few weeks if not treated. However, little research has been published using a pet food matrix regarding what specific factors in pet food processing result in the most losses and whether these can be controlled. Thiamine can be degraded in a canned food due to heat, moisture, long-term storage, sulfites, pH, and thiaminase enzyme activity. Thermal processes used to produce wet pet foods sold in cans, pouches, and trays are required to be heat treated for extended periods of time. This is detrimental to thiamine retention. Because the cat, like other carnivores, has a very high metabolic requirement for thiamine, they are susceptible to these losses. For this reason, supplementation is often a logical step. However, survival of more than 10% of the thiamine may not be assured. This review summarizes the prevailing literature on the topic with application to pet food. Further, suggestions regarding potential investigations to remedy the issue are discussed. Finding an optimal time x temperature x pH x ingredient combination is a real possibility that has the potential to save many cats in the future.
Research Interests:
A cross sectional study was conducted in selected districts of East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional Stat from November 2013 to April 2014 on dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis and determinant of its major risk factors. The... more
A cross sectional study was conducted in selected districts of East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional Stat from November 2013 to April 2014 on dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis and determinant of its major risk factors. The study was done on 250 lactating cows, of which 109 were local and 141 cross breed by using clinical examination , California mastitis test (CMT) and culture. Of these 108 (43.2 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with prevalence of 4 % and 38.8 %, respectively. All the potential risk factors considered in this study namely, parity (p < 0.05), breed (p< 0.05), age (p < 0.05), stage of lactation (p < 0.05),breed (p < 0.05) and husbandry (p < 0.05) showed a significant effect on prevalence of mastitis in present study. Thus, high prevalencence of mastitis was observed in older cows >7 years and cows with parity >7 but high prevalence was obtained on early and late stage of lactation. The study also revealed that cross breed lactating cows and those managed intensively were susceptible to mastitis. The highly prevalent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aurous (46 %) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae which accounts (19.4 %), and others were Staphylococcus intermidius, E.coli and Corynebacterial species with respective proportion of 16.6, 10.9 and 7.1%. The present study also revealed that mastitis is the major problem in smallholder dairy farms in the study area specially the sub clinical form, so that creation of awareness about the importance and prevention of subclinical mastitis among smallholder dairy farmers, milking infected animals and periodic monitoring of infection status of the udder is recommended.
Research Interests:
Dogs have been used in the field of law enforcement for over 100 years. Despite advances in the overall performance of police officers due to improved training methods and use of various innovative devices, it is hard to imagine a fully... more
Dogs have been used in the field of law enforcement for over 100 years. Despite advances in the overall performance of police officers due to improved training methods and use of various innovative devices, it is hard to imagine a fully effective police force operating without the involvement of specialist dog-handler teams. The uniformed services generally hold in high regard the role that a well-trained canine team can play, serving as an essential deterrent to criminal activity, as well as assisting police departments in the locating of illegal drugs and explosives, in tracking fugitives and with finding missing persons or locating bodies. An understanding of general dog behaviour and interaction with different environments are essential elements, not only in the case of assessing candidate suitability for different types of training programme but also for behaviour evaluation of a companion animal. The everincreasing demand for both working and pet dogs has seen the study of dog behaviour find itself a niche position in the realm of scientific research.
Research Interests:
The socioeconomic importance of dromedary camels (Camelusdromedarius) is unique for Somali community. It has been a rich area of research before the civil war. The present study was planned to investigate piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in... more
The socioeconomic importance of dromedary camels (Camelusdromedarius) is unique for Somali community. It has been a rich area of research before the civil war. The present study was planned to investigate piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in camels from Banadir region of Somalia using microscopical (Blood Film) and molecular (PCR) techniques. A total of 182 camels including semi-intensive dairy camel farms and nomadic (extensive) systems were sampled from three districts in Banadir region between December 2015 and March 2016.The prevalence rate using parasitological and molecular examinations was52.2% and 54.9% respectively. In microscopical results, the prevalence rates Varies significantly (p<0.05) between different production systems, Districts and sexes. However, these differences were not significant after molecular confirmation. Using Kappa test, PCR technique was more sensitive and more specific in determination of piroplasms than conventional blood film method. The prevalence rate of Anaplasma sp. using microscopical examination was13.2%. Mix-infection of piroplasms and Anaplasma sp. is usual in the present study. The degree of anaemia (PCV%) in the infected camels was significantly affected (p=0.05) after molecular confirmation of piroplasmosis. The present paper was to be the first report on camel piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in Banadir region and may be in whole Somalia. In conclusion, camel piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis are highly prevalent in camels from Banadir region of Somalia. Further studies in the clinical and economical impact of camel all T&TBDs is recommended. Moreover, the control measures including effective treatment should be conducted to improve the general condition of Somali camels.
Research Interests:
Two studies were conducted to examine the role of progesterone on the odds of survival of embryos transferred into lactating and non-lactating recipient cows. In each study, recipients were synchronized for estrus following the Select... more
Two studies were conducted to examine the role of progesterone on the odds of survival of embryos transferred into lactating and non-lactating recipient cows. In each study, recipients were synchronized for estrus following the Select Synch + CIDR ® protocol. On d 7, after exhibiting estrus, embryos were inserted in all cows bearing a viable corpus luteum; embryos were placed in the uterine horn of the ovulating side. Randomly, animals were divided into two groups. Contrary with the control group, cows in the CIDR-group had a CIDR inserted on that same day the embryo was inserted and removed 14 days later. Blood samples for analysis of progesterone were taken at insertion (d 7) and continued at 7day intervals for three more weeks. All animals were weighed and body condition scored at the beginning of the studies. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed around d 90. No significant differences were observed in body weights between treatments. Progesterone between treatments within days and between days within treatments are reported. Progesterone between pregnant and non-pregnant cattle was also reported between treatments and within treatments. Progesterone seems to increase the odds of retention of transferred bovine embryos during early gestation. Results also seem to point out that patterns of progesterone secretion during the first two weeks after the transfer have a decisive effect on the survival of bovine embryos. Nevertheless, authors of this document suggest that more research is needed to closely examine these findings.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective strategy for disease prevention and eradication. However, significant information obtained recently indicates that future investigations on vaccine development have to include effective... more
Vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective strategy for disease prevention and eradication. However, significant information obtained recently indicates that future investigations on vaccine development have to include effective adjuvants for enhancing protective immunity against pathogenic infections in animals and humans. Microparticles made from poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) polymers can be designed as safe and potent adjuvants or delivery systems to encapsulate vaccine antigens for the development of controlled-release Microparticle vaccines. Adjuvant effects of the PLG microencapsulation can protect antigens from unfavorable degradation, allow the sustained and extended release of antigens over a long period, and enhance antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although only a countable number of formulations based on PLG-encapsulated technique are available in market, much work still remains to confirm and optimize the stabilization of protein release for presenting to the immune system.
Research Interests:
Since introduction in the late 1940s, the role of antibiotics in animal production has changed. Originally a means of combating illnesses and maintaining the health of flocks and herds, it was soon recognized that antibiotics could... more
Since introduction in the late 1940s, the role of antibiotics in animal production has changed. Originally a means of combating illnesses and maintaining the health of flocks and herds, it was soon recognized that antibiotics could drastically increase productivity and financial return through enhanced and expedited weight gain. Since then criticism has been leveled at the use of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic levels to promote growth and feed conversion efficiency. Although the recent demonstration that plasmid genes encoding for resistance are present in the environment and feces of swine and in carcasses there has been little evidence other than point-of-sale surveys that livestock are contributing to emerging drug resistance among bacterial pathogens affecting humans. Irrespective of the lack of firm scientific evidence that the use of antibiotics in intensive livestock production is directly contributing to drug resistance in hospital and community settings there is a wide perception among consumers that lax regulation over sub-therapeutic administration to food animals is deleterious to public health. Accordingly use of antibiotics for performance enhancement was banned in the EU in 2006 and in the US effective January 2017. Administration of antibiotics for therapy or prophylaxis is now strictly regulated in the EU and the U.S and subject to veterinary prescription applying Prudent Use Principles. Multiple stakeholders must be considered as food production responds to new legislation and rules to limit antibiotic use by farmers, producers, consumers, the medical profession and veterinarians. This paper identifies possible replacement modalities that are acceptable to consumers and the food industry without detrimental effects on animal health and performance. The five criteria producers should consider before adopting alternatives to antibiotics are reviewed. Alternatives include but are not limited to probiotics, prebiotics, short and medium chain fatty acids, enzyme feed supplements, essential oils and botanicals. The paper stresses that no single additive will replace the declining benefits of sub-therapeutic administration of antibiotics. It will be necessary in the future to create programs with a holistic approach to replacement of antibiotics in conformity with EU and U.S. restrictions. Accordingly greater attention should be applied to management, control of immunosuppressive viruses and protozoal parasites, nutrition and the selection of suitable genetic strains to achieve sustainable and safe production of livestock.
Research Interests:
A longitudinal study was carried out from September 2014 to May 2015 on village chicken of Lume district for the aim of determining incidence rate of mortality of Newcastle disease (NCD) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) and the... more
A longitudinal study was carried out from September 2014 to May 2015 on village chicken of Lume district for the aim of determining incidence rate of mortality of Newcastle disease (NCD) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) and the associated risk factors. In addition in a retrospective survey past occurrence of these disease was assessed. Simple random sampling method was used to select the peasant associations (PAs) and the households. Owners and veterinary field workers perception on chicken diseases was collected from 120 respondents through structured questionnaire. The majority (75%) of the respondents put diseases as major causes of village chicken mortality, out of which 78.3% of the respondents indicated NCD locally known as "Fangle" as the leading disease that cause mortality of chicken in the village.Of the 1358 registered chicken, 202 (14.9%) survived the entire follow-up period. A total of 843 chickens found dead of NCD outbreak during the follow-up period. The general mortality rate was 62.1% whereas the incidence rate was113.2 cases per 1000 chicken month.Over the duration of the study, serum samples of 521 chickens were collected to confirm the cause of the outbreak, 242 from sick and 279 from apparently health chicken. Serology using HAI and I-ELISA test were conducted to determine the seroprevalence of NCD and IBD, respectively. In total 28.6% (149/521) and 20.7% (108/521) were positive for NCD and IBD, respectively. Among the 242 sera collected from clinically diseased chicken 61.6% (149/242) and 38.4% (93/242) were positive for NCD and IBD, respectively.Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in prevalence of NCD was found between highland and lowland; chicken flock size and sampling months. Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in seroprevalence of IBD was found between different age groups; household flock size and sampling months. This study has shown that NCD and IBD are one of the major infectious diseases threatening the survival and productivity of traditionally managed local chickens in East Showa zone. Thus, routine vaccination program is recommended.
Research Interests:
A cross sectional survey was conducted at Mekelle Municipal abattoir in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia, from November 2007, to April 2008 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and to assess its economic impact. A total of... more
A cross sectional survey was conducted at Mekelle Municipal abattoir in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia, from November 2007, to April 2008 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and to assess its economic impact. A total of 668 bovine liver were examined in the abattoir and267 (39.97 %) were found to be affected by fasciolosis. Out of the total positives 211 (79%) and 56(21%) were adult and young cattle respectively, no statistical significance difference between age groups (p>0.05). Study shown 182 (68.1%) and 85 (31.8%) were positive from high land and low land respectively. Based on the body condition animals having body score 1, 2 and 3 were found 10.4%, 79.4% and 15.9% positive respectively. F. hepatica, F. gigantic species recovered from infected livers were 62.1%, 13% and 11%, mixed infection and 13.1% immature fluke. In the present study, no direct relationship between fluke count and magnitude of liver lesion in moderately affected liver. The magnitude of livers affected by fasciolosis is 96 (35.8%), 112(42.2 %) and 59 (22%) light, moderate and severe lesion respectively. From the total feacal samples of cattle examined 50 (7.4 %) were found egg positive that of 267 (39. 9%) post mort empositive. The economic loss due to fasciolosis was summarized as 122, 414.47 Ethiopian Birr during the study period and 183.25 per head of the animal. This is obviously great economic loss. In the study area bovine fasciolosis significantly prevalent parasitic disease affecting the health, productivity of animals and has economic impact.
Research Interests:
Introduction: The advance of quantitative and qualitative research has been proving the use of plants as medicine. Considering that many people are adept at popular practices and Schinus terebinthifolis Raddi is native to South America,... more
Introduction: The advance of quantitative and qualitative research has been proving the use of plants as medicine. Considering that many people are adept at popular practices and Schinus terebinthifolis Raddi is native to South America, abundant in the coastal regions of Brazil, where it is popularly known as 'aroeira' (Brazilian peppertree). Objective: Identify the primary studies regarding the popular use, chemical composition, and the main biological activities of Schinus terebinthifolis Raddi. Metodology: This study attempted to identified, through a previous defined methodology, the systematic review, primary studies regarding the popular use, chemical composition, and the main biological activities of Schinus terebinthifolis Raddi. The survey was conducted in virtual libraries commonly accessed by the scientific community following a script execution and inclusion of some articles. Results: After all steps of selection, we obtained a total of eighty-one, a number of studies on popular use, the chemical composition, and biological activities of the plant were achieved. The biological activity found and described for this plant is quite extensive. Thirty-eight works surveyed demonstrate that are several scientifically proven recommendations for using different parts of the plant. Conclusion: This review enabled to systematize the knowledge produced on the main popular use, the main researches related to biological activity, and the range of chemical constituents of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi already isolated.
Research Interests:
Several researches have evidenced that cancer cells can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are released not only in breath but also in other organic fluids, such as blood and urine. This study has evaluated the olfactory... more
Several researches have evidenced that cancer cells can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are released not only in breath but also in other organic fluids, such as blood and urine. This study has evaluated the olfactory capability of trained dogs to detect human lung cancer VOCs in urine. We recruited 150 subjects from European Institute of Oncology (IEO) divided into three groups: 57 patients with lung cancer (group 1); 38 patients with lung disease, other than cancer (group 2); 55 healthy control subjects (group 3).The results are referred to the last 45 days of training, and evidenced that dogs reached a mean success rate that exceeded 80%, with a sensitivity of 0,72 and a specificity of 0,94 for two out of three dogs enrolled. The important novelty is that dogs can discriminate lung cancer not only from healthy subjects, but also from patients with other lung diseases. The results obtained so far are encouraging and lead us to persevere with the training session in order to improve the success rate, reaching values as close as possible to 100%. If so, we believe that, in the future, dogs may be used to perform early diagnostic tests, useful in improving the chances of survival in cases of human lung cancer.
Research Interests:
Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole and Manceaux, 1908) (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, causing toxoplasmosis in humans and cattle worldwide. In the current research, seroprevalence and risk factors for... more
Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole and Manceaux, 1908) (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, causing toxoplasmosis in humans and cattle worldwide. In the current research, seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in the cows (cattle), Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758 (Mammalia: Eutheria) of Dir Upper (DU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were determined. Bos indicus (nt=250) including males (nmale =86) and females (nfemale =164) were tested for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii using Latex Agglutination Test kit ®. Agglutination at 1:16 dilution was considered positive. A 14% overall prevalence was recorded. The antibody titers to T. gondii positive (apparent prevalence) sera were 10%, 2%, 1% and 0% by dilution of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64 and 1:128, respectively, but true prevalence, for male, female and total were 0.536%, 0.514% and 0.525%, respectively. However, males were found more infected (16%) compared to females (12%). Moreover, the highest rate (16%) of infection was recorded in the 1-4 years age range, while the lowest (7%) was in the 5-8 years range. However, no significant correlation was found between toxoplasmosis and sex/age. Furthermore, infection was the highest (25%) in B. indicus with 5 pregnancies and no abortion was observed in infected B. indicus. In addition, presence of cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, in households, source of drinking water and type of management of B. indicus resulted to be important risk factors. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is prevalent in B. indicus in DU. Prompt control measures and public awareness is recommended to lower the risk of infection with T. gondii.
Research Interests:
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis in Debre Berhan region based on clinical, abattoir and field survey from November 2007 to March 2008. Of total 475 ovine faucal samples examined 229 (48.21%) positive... more
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ovine fasciolosis in Debre Berhan region based on clinical, abattoir and field survey from November 2007 to March 2008. Of total 475 ovine faucal samples examined 229 (48.21%) positive for fasciolosis. Sex wise Prevalence off sciolosis 73.05% in male and 26.95% in female animals. Statistical analysis of prevalence rate on sex basis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) infection rate between the two sexes. Age wise prevalence recorded was 67.79% in adult and 32.21% in young. Analysis of infection rates on age basis had no significant differences (P>0.05). Asite wise of fasciolosis were 28%, 13.68%, 19.37%, 32.63%, and 6.32% in Atekelt, Delacha, Genet, Kerafino and Seladigay respectively. Statistical analysis of prevalence rate on site basis showed significant difference (P<0.05) in infection rate between sites. Breed wise of fasciolosis was 75.53% local, 18.11% cross and 6.53% exotic breed is recorded. Statistical prevalence rate on breed basis showed significant difference (P<0.05). The monthly prevalence of fasciolosis recorded was, 12.42%, 39.16%, 37.05, 5.05 & 6.32% in November, December, January, February and March respectively. The difference in monthly prevalence was significant (P<0.05). The result of the study has been discussed in detail in comparison with the finding of other workers and in relation to site and ecological condition of the area that affects the prevalence rate of fasciolosis. Finally, appropriate control strategies implemented in the study area is recommended to reduce the impact of fasciolosis on livestock production in the area.
Research Interests:
The study of ovine pasteurellosis was conducted in Lume districts, East Shoa Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida from nasal swabs (384),... more
The study of ovine pasteurellosis was conducted in Lume districts, East Shoa Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida from nasal swabs (384), abattoir specimens (145), and the serotype diversity among the species from sheep sera (150). A total of 115 isolates of M. haemolytica, P. trehalosi and P. multocida were isolated from nasal swabs of apparently health and clinically sick sheep and from pneumonic lungs. The M. haemolytica, P. trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida were isolated from the nasal swabs (11.2%), (7.6%) and (2.1) respectively, whereas M. haemolytica and P. trehalosi were isolated from pneumonic lungs (11.7%), (10.3) respectively. However, Pasteurella multocida was the lowest among species isolated (2.1%). The overall isolation rate of M. haemolytica, P. trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida was 15.7%, 11.5% and 2.9%, respectively. From 145 lung samples collected and cultured, Pasteurella was isolated successfully in 35 (24.1%) sheep. Out of 35 sheep lung lesion sample, the percentage recovery rate of M. haemolytica 17(11.7%), P. trehalose 15(10.3%) and P. multocida 3(2.1) % respectively. On the basis of these results, M. haemolytica and P.trehalose were the most common cause of pasteurellosis in sheep at the study area. A total of 150 sheep sera were examined for serotype specific antibodies using indirect haemagglutination test for M. haemolytica, P. trehalose and P. multocida serotypes. Variation in prevalence among the different serotypes was observed (P<0.001). The IHA test revealed that serotype A1, A2, A7, T3, T10, and T15 were the dominant serotypes with 23.3%, 42.6%, 32, 51.3, 29.3 and 30% positive by IHA whereas serotypes P. multocida biotype A and T4 were the least positive with 14.6% and16% respectively. Generally, both bacterial and serological results of this study revealed that the causal agents of pasteurellosis are prevalent in the area, and serotypes A1, A2, A7, T3, T10 and T15 were dominant over the other serotypes.
Research Interests:
A study was conducted between December 2008 and April 2009 on 705 carthorses in three towns of Southwestern Ethiopia namely Sebeta, Asgori and Woliso to investigate the Epidemiology and Socioeconomic impact of Epizootic lymphangitis (EL).... more
A study was conducted between December 2008 and April 2009 on 705 carthorses in three towns of Southwestern Ethiopia namely Sebeta, Asgori and Woliso to investigate the Epidemiology and Socioeconomic impact of Epizootic lymphangitis (EL). The study has revealed an overall prevalence of 25.1% (177/705). There was no statistically significant (X 2 =3.88, P>0.05) difference on the occurrence of the disease in the three districts. The highest prevalence being observed at Woliso with 27.9% and the lowest was at Sebeta with 20.2%. The result of histopathological and mycological examinations has revealed characteristic features of HCF. Result of differential leukocyte count had shown a statistical significant difference across the severity of the disease and neutrophil count (r=0.87, F=6.08, P<0.005) while lymphocyte count were inversely related to the severity stage of the disease (r=0.94.F=23.28, P<0.001). The yeast forms of Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum were isolated on the sabouraud's dextrose agar. The result of questionnaire survey from 35 carthorse owners indicates that EL was the first and the major important disease of carthorses by creating a negative impact on the economy of the carters. Despite its impact, awareness on the transmission and control mechanism of the disease was not uniformly known by the carthorse owners. Therefore, further study on the extent of the disease and educating the owners both on the disease and its way of transmission was recommended.
Research Interests:
It's expected that the Brazilian production of industrialized feed for horses reach 2 million tons by the year 2020. Feed processing consists of physical, chemical or biological modifications that are made in the feed. These modifications... more
It's expected that the Brazilian production of industrialized feed for horses reach 2 million tons by the year 2020. Feed processing consists of physical, chemical or biological modifications that are made in the feed. These modifications can increase the availability of nutrients for horses and/or preserve the quality of these nutrients in the raw material. The objective of this review was to describe the main types of feed processing used in the manufacture of feeds for horses, showing the benefits and losses that they may cause in nutrition and production of these animals. There are several types of feed processing and they can be classified according to the use of thermal processing treatments: cold or hot processing. Processing of grains can cause several changes in feed, such as change and adjustment of particle size, improving nutrient digestibility, promoting the inactivation of enzyme inhibitors, and preserving feed. The effects that cause different kinds of processing depend on many factors, including the type of cereal, starch, temperature, time, humidity and pressure during processing. The process, when performed correctly, can increase the digestibility of starch and digestible energy content of the grains used to feed horses. However, you should be careful with the amount of concentrate used in horse feed.
Research Interests:
A keen sense of smell, excellent balance, and a strong desire to please humans are characteristics that have made dogs invaluable for search and rescue (SAR) operations since World War I. The need for land-based SAR is growing rapidly due... more
A keen sense of smell, excellent balance, and a strong desire to please humans are characteristics that have made dogs invaluable for search and rescue (SAR) operations since World War I. The need for land-based SAR is growing rapidly due to an increasing number of natural and urban disasters. There also are increasing numbers of persons with Alzheimer's disease, autism, and dementia who may require the assistance of SAR dogs. For these reasons, making the most of these
Research Interests:
The comparative effects of honey and commercially available multivitamin (Vitaflash ® , Kepro B.V. Holland) on the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response of cockerel chicks to oral vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND)... more
The comparative effects of honey and commercially available multivitamin (Vitaflash ® , Kepro B.V. Holland) on the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response of cockerel chicks to oral vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) at 3 weeks of age using live attenuated ND 'LaSota' vaccine was investigated. Sixty (60) day-old cockerel chicks were purchased and reared to 2 weeks of age. The chicks were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E1 and E2) with 10 chicks per group. Chicks in group A were placed on honey for 7 days prior to vaccination and 7 days following vaccination, while chicks in group B were placed on honey for 7 days following vaccination. Similarly chicks in group C were placed on multivitamin (Vitaflash ® , Kepro B.V. Holland) for 7 days prior to vaccination and 7 days following vaccination while chicks in group D were placed on the multivitamin for 7 days following vaccination. Chicks in group E1 (positive control) were place on plain drinking water ad libitum but were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age, while chicks in group E2(negative control) received neither treatment nor vaccination but were fed and placed on plain drinking water add libitum until the end of the experiment. Chicks in group A exhibited the highest ND HI antibody titre with a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 181.0, followed by chicks in group C that exhibited a significantly (P<0.05) lower ND HI titre with a GMT of 127.9. Chicks in groups E1 and E2 did not show any significant antibody titre throughout the period of the experiment. The high antibody titre demonstrated by chicks that were treated with honey before and after vaccination is an indication that honey could be a possible immune enhancer. A more detailed study is therefore required on the quantitative assessment of honey for antibody response in chicks.
Research Interests:
Pig farmers in the informal settlements of Nairobi Kenya were interviewed to evaluate the use and possible effects of polluted river water on the reproduction of their boars. 80 farms were purposively selected and questionnaires... more
Pig farmers in the informal settlements of Nairobi Kenya were interviewed to evaluate the use and possible effects of polluted river water on the reproduction of their boars. 80 farms were purposively selected and questionnaires administered to the pig owners as respondents. Among the persons interviewed a majority; (38.8%) had attained secondary level of education. 72.5% were involved in urban farming as supplementary source of income while the rest had farming as their main occupation. N=34, (42.5%) respondents used polluted river water for their pigs, with n=14 citing reason for its use as; free source while n=20 cited it as being easily available. The male reproductive defect reported was that of retained testis. The occurrence of retained testis in pigs was higher (n=22) among the group which used contaminated river water for their pigs. The study concludes that most households living in informal settlement of Nairobi city access and use polluted river water in their livestock especially the pigs. This is precipitated by the lack of knowledge on side effects, free and easy access of water and free range farming system adopted. Urban draining rivers have been reported to be contaminated with Endocrine disrupting chemicals [5] Short Communication Volume 1 Issue 2
Research Interests:
The emergence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria and their dissemination in the community represents a real challenge to Public Health, both today and for the years ahead. Antimicrobial resistant zoonotic foodborne pathogens are a... more
The emergence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria and their dissemination in the community represents a real challenge to Public Health, both today and for the years ahead. Antimicrobial resistant zoonotic foodborne pathogens are a particular problem and there are worldwide numerous instances of severe foodborne illnesses caused by such bacteria. Some of these bacteria show increased virulence and therefore morbidity and mortality. In the majority of such infections the incriminated foods are of animal origin. Application of improved hygiene standards along the food production chain, "from farm to fork", is of paramount importance to control the dissemination of all zoonotic foodborne pathogens, and thus the drug resistant ones. The establishment of thresholds in foods of certain foodborne pathogens to selected antimicrobials may also be a useful tool in combating antimicrobial resistance dissemination. Mini Review Volume 1 Issue 2
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Evaluation of Detoxified Karanja (pongamia sp.) and Neem (azadirachta indica) Cakes in Total Mixed Ration (tmr) for Dairy Cattle-Effect on Nutritional, Biochemical Profiles J Vet Sci Res Evaluation of Detoxified Karanja (pongamia sp.) and... more
Evaluation of Detoxified Karanja (pongamia sp.) and Neem (azadirachta indica) Cakes in Total Mixed Ration (tmr) for Dairy Cattle-Effect on Nutritional, Biochemical Profiles J Vet Sci Res Evaluation of Detoxified Karanja (pongamia sp.) and Neem (azadirachta indica) Cakes in Total Mixed Ration (tmr) for
Research Interests:
In regards with fast growing meat consumption in modernizing countries in the 20 th Century, recommendations for a public healthier eating were formulated. It is assumed that an increasing consumption of meat, whose fat composition is... more
In regards with fast growing meat consumption in modernizing countries in the 20 th Century, recommendations for a public healthier eating were formulated. It is assumed that an increasing consumption of meat, whose fat composition is considered too high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and too low in PUFA, constitutes a public health issue. This paper aims to collect a comprehensive overview of existing information on some of the most important aspects of intramuscular fatty acid composition and metabolism in farm animals. Trends in healthy eating resulted in selection for leaner animals that has characterized the meat production industries in modern countries, affecting de facto meat eating and technological indices. Similar predictions would be drawn for emerging societies thus; more reflections are needed to deal with human health aspects of meat, without however affecting its eating quality and technological processing.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
With raising global temperature, significance on heat stress is also increasingly important. As long as the animals are within the thermo neutral zone, they are comfortable without any seen effects. Heat stress, up to a... more
With raising global temperature, significance on heat stress is also increasingly important. As long as the animals are
within the thermo neutral zone, they are comfortable without any seen effects. Heat stress, up to a certain level could be
efficiently o
vercome by the inherent mechanisms within the animal’s body. But once it is crossed and the thermo neutral
zone is disturbed completely, then although they are homoeothermic still they cannot maintain homeostasis and that in
turn results in an adverse effe
ct on the production, reproduction and health of the animal. Heat stress, the most vital
climatic stress, along with an effect on the productive potential of animal, is lethal to its survival in harsh conditions. H
igh
temperature, air movement, solar radia
tion, wind speed and relative humidity are important parameters of the climatic
variables. Amongst the mentioned, high temperature, radiation and humidity are the most important factors, which
drastically affect the overall performance of livestock with re
duction in meat, milk and egg production. Global warming
and deforestation are also important contributors for increase in the earth’s temperature, thereby causing heat stress.
Keeping this in view, there is a need to take up different mitigation measures
to overcome the heat stress. Although
different precautionary measures are adapted to alleviate heat stress, still the livestock cannot be completely relieved of
it.
within the thermo neutral zone, they are comfortable without any seen effects. Heat stress, up to a certain level could be
efficiently o
vercome by the inherent mechanisms within the animal’s body. But once it is crossed and the thermo neutral
zone is disturbed completely, then although they are homoeothermic still they cannot maintain homeostasis and that in
turn results in an adverse effe
ct on the production, reproduction and health of the animal. Heat stress, the most vital
climatic stress, along with an effect on the productive potential of animal, is lethal to its survival in harsh conditions. H
igh
temperature, air movement, solar radia
tion, wind speed and relative humidity are important parameters of the climatic
variables. Amongst the mentioned, high temperature, radiation and humidity are the most important factors, which
drastically affect the overall performance of livestock with re
duction in meat, milk and egg production. Global warming
and deforestation are also important contributors for increase in the earth’s temperature, thereby causing heat stress.
Keeping this in view, there is a need to take up different mitigation measures
to overcome the heat stress. Although
different precautionary measures are adapted to alleviate heat stress, still the livestock cannot be completely relieved of
it.
Research Interests:
This study was carried out from November 2007 to May 2008 to determine the prevalence and distribution of pulmonary lesions in different lobes in Jimma municipality abattoir. Cross sectional study by gross... more
This study was carried out from November 2007 to May 2008 to determine the prevalence and distribution of
pulmonary lesions in different lobes in Jimma municipality abattoir. Cross sectional study by gross examination of
cattle lung was done in the abattoi
r to determine pulmonary lesions.
From 384 lungs examined, 91.7% was found to
have one or more lesions. Hydatidosis (108, 28.1%), emphysema (115, 29.9%),
atelectasis
(72, 18.8%), congestion
(191, 49.7%), abscess (21, 5.5%), and lung parasite (1, 0.3%) were found during the study period. Body condition
association with the lesions were studied and pulmonary abscess and pulmonary emphysema has significant effect
(p<0.05
) on poor body conditioned animals.
Animals with fat body condition were significantly affected (p< 0.05) by
pulmonary congestion and atelectasis. Lung parasite and hydatidosis found having no significant association with the
animal body condition. In conc
lusion lung is a highly condemned organ due to different pulmonary lesions occurring
which in turn results a significant economic loss.
pulmonary lesions in different lobes in Jimma municipality abattoir. Cross sectional study by gross examination of
cattle lung was done in the abattoi
r to determine pulmonary lesions.
From 384 lungs examined, 91.7% was found to
have one or more lesions. Hydatidosis (108, 28.1%), emphysema (115, 29.9%),
atelectasis
(72, 18.8%), congestion
(191, 49.7%), abscess (21, 5.5%), and lung parasite (1, 0.3%) were found during the study period. Body condition
association with the lesions were studied and pulmonary abscess and pulmonary emphysema has significant effect
(p<0.05
) on poor body conditioned animals.
Animals with fat body condition were significantly affected (p< 0.05) by
pulmonary congestion and atelectasis. Lung parasite and hydatidosis found having no significant association with the
animal body condition. In conc
lusion lung is a highly condemned organ due to different pulmonary lesions occurring
which in turn results a significant economic loss.