Mahmood Gohari
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Biostatistics, Faculty Member
Heterogeneity of participants from different aspects is one of the problems faced by organizers of educational courses in the field of information security for staff as well as managers who would like to manage their information security.... more
Heterogeneity of participants from different aspects is one of the problems faced by organizers of educational courses in the field of information security for staff as well as managers who would like to manage their information security. This heterogeneity leads to an improper identification of educational needs which in turn causes the output of the course to be of undesirable quality. This research is aimed at the determination of educational needs of Dar al-Hadith Institute staff in Qom, Iran in the field of information security based on context information such as age, type of education, level of education and length of their service. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect information and non-hierarchical clustering procedure in SPSS software was applied to analyze data obtained from 123 trainees. At the end of the course, it was revealed that university staff and research center staff had different educational needs in some cases that could be justified by context inf...
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Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing predicted survival time for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using parametric models and select the best model by predicting error’s technique. Background: Survival... more
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing predicted survival time for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using parametric models and select the best model by predicting error’s technique. Background: Survival models are statistical techniques to estimate or predict the overall time up to specific events. Prediction is important in medical science and the accuracy of prediction is determined by a measurement, generally based on loss functions, called prediction error. Patients and methods: A total of 600 colorectal cancer patients who admitted to the Cancer Registry Center of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, were followed at least for 5 years and have completed selected information for this study. Body Mass Index (BMI), Sex, family history of CRC, tumor site, stage of disease and histology of tumor included in the analysis. The survival time was compared by the Log-rank test and multivariate analysis was carri...
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Background: Incorrect belief of mothers in regard to taking for care of their premature neonates could lead to poor care performance.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior... more
Background: Incorrect belief of mothers in regard to taking for care of their premature neonates could lead to poor care performance.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior of structures on the performance of the mothers, in the care of premature infants in 2013. Methods: This survey was a quasi-experimental study. Two hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected and divided into control and test groups. Then, 45 mothers were selected by simple sampling method from each hospital. Instruments for gathering data were designed based on theory of planned behavioral constructs and observational checklist for assessing function of mother for care of premature infants. Educational program was designed according of pre-test results and performed in the experimental group. Two groups were followed-up to the discharge of the neonates. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software (versio...
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Providing good care for Alzheimer's patients is requires suitable communication with them. Incorrect communication between the caregivers and patients is one of the causes that lead to considerable caregiver burden (CB) in caregivers.... more
Providing good care for Alzheimer's patients is requires suitable communication with them. Incorrect communication between the caregivers and patients is one of the causes that lead to considerable caregiver burden (CB) in caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a communication skills training on CB among elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD) caregivers. This study was a quasi-intervention type. In this study, 91 caregivers of Alzheimer's patients referred to the Iranian Alzheimer Association, Tehran, Iran were allocated in the two groups (intervention and control). Then, two groups were completed two questionnaires of demographic variables and caregiver burden before intervention. Educational program was developed according of pre-test results and performed to the intervention group. Two groups were followed-up one-month after the intervention. Statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS and independent sample T-test, Student’s pairedsa...
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Introduction Following cannabis legalization in Canada, a better understanding of the prevalence of unprompted cannabis use reduction and subsequent effects on youth academic outcomes is needed to inform harm reduction and health... more
Introduction Following cannabis legalization in Canada, a better understanding of the prevalence of unprompted cannabis use reduction and subsequent effects on youth academic outcomes is needed to inform harm reduction and health promotion approaches. Methods We analyzed a longitudinally linked sample (n = 91774) from the COMPASS prospective cohort study of Canadian high school students attending Grades 9–12 in Ontario and Alberta between 2013–2014 and 2016–2017. We investigated the prevalence of spontaneous cannabis use reduction and cessation between grade transitions (Grades 9–10, 10–11, 11–12) and the effect of cessation on academic achievement (current or recent math and English course marks) and rigour (usual homework completion and past-month truancy). Results Only 14.8% of cannabis users decreased their use between grades. Of these, two-thirds made only incremental downward changes, a pattern which held true for all three transitions. Cessation rates from daily and weekly us...
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Self-medication of slimming supplements has increased, and media advertising has a role in this. The present study aimed at determining the effect of media literacy educational intervention on attitudes about self-medication of slimming... more
Self-medication of slimming supplements has increased, and media advertising has a role in this. The present study aimed at determining the effect of media literacy educational intervention on attitudes about self-medication of slimming supplements among the female students at dormitories of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this quasi-experimental study with a control group, 98 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of test and control. The data collecting instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire about media literacy and attitude on self-medication of slimming pills. Based on the results obtained from the early completion of the questionnaires, an appropriate educational intervention was designed and implemented. Data were analyzed 1 and 3 months after the intervention using the following statistical methods: repeated measurements, Friedman test, Chi square, independent T-test and MannWhitney test. Befo...
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Research Interests: Medicine, Logistic Regression, Colorectal cancer, Humans, Predictive Modelling, and 12 moreFemale, Male, Concordance, Public health systems and services research, Food Sciences, Shahid, Artificial Neural Network, Logistic Models, Receiver Operating Characteristic, Computer Science Neural Networks, Colorectal Neoplasms, and Neoplasm metastasis
Research Interests: Breast Cancer, Medicine, Iran, Prospective studies, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Risk factors, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Proportional hazards model, Survival Rate, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Cure Rate, Combined Modality Therapy, Breast Neoplasms, Neoplasm staging, and Neoplasm metastasis
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SummaryIn order to fulfill comprehensive interoperability and recognize the electronic medical records (EMRs’) benefits, physicians’ attitudes toward using and applying EMR must be recognized.The purpose of this study was to present an... more
SummaryIn order to fulfill comprehensive interoperability and recognize the electronic medical records (EMRs’) benefits, physicians’ attitudes toward using and applying EMR must be recognized.The purpose of this study was to present an integrated model of applying EMRs by physicians.This was a cross sectional study in which a sample of 330 physicians working in hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of medical sciences (TUMS) was selected. Physicians’ attitudes toward using and accepting EMR in health care have been analyzed by an integrated model of two classical theories i.e. technology acceptance model (TAM) and diffusion of innovation (DOI). The model was tested using an empirical survey. The final model was tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) and represented by Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS).The results suggest that the hybrid model explains about 43 percent of the variance of using and accepting of EMRs (R2=0.43). The findings also evidenced that Perceive...
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We are aware of limited data about the effects of purslane on diabetes. Earlier studies have mostly indicated the beneficial effects in animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of purslane seeds on glycemic status and lipid... more
We are aware of limited data about the effects of purslane on diabetes. Earlier studies have mostly indicated the beneficial effects in animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of purslane seeds on glycemic status and lipid profiles of persons with type 2 diabetes. This cross-over randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 48 persons with type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 10 g/day purslane seeds with 240 cc low-fat yogurt (intervention group) or only 240 cc low-fat yogurt (as a control group) for 5 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, subjects were moved to the alternate arm for an additional 5 weeks. At baseline and end of each phase of the study, fasting blood samples were collected to quantify plasma glucose levels, as well as serum insulin and lipid profiles. Within-group and between-group changes in anthropometric measures, as well as biochemical indicators, were compared using a paired-samples t-test. Mean age of s...
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Background Quality of life evaluates the general well-being of individuals and it can be considered as one of the important aspects in programming and giving service to disabled people. Blindness is one of the most important kinds of... more
Background Quality of life evaluates the general well-being of individuals and it can be considered as one of the important aspects in programming and giving service to disabled people. Blindness is one of the most important kinds of physical disability that has a direct effect on quality of life, so this study aimed to explore how war blindness influences the quality of life. In this cross-sectional study, data from 71 blind war (Iran-Iraq) veterans in 2010 were collected using the Short Form Health Survey instrument (SF36). Rasch model was fitted by running WINSTEPS software and then item parameter (β), i.e. difficulty of items, and person parameter ([Formula: see text] ), i.e. the ability or attainment level of respondents, were estimated. In a total of 71 cases, 69 cases (97 %) were male with a mean (±SD ) age and blindness duration range of 48.97 (±10.655) yrs and 25.74 (±3.692) yrs, respectively. Item difficulty ranged from 2.962 to 4.441. Comparison of the SF36 scores and Ras...
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder which affects 9% of school-age children. Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is an evidence-based parenting program reported to be... more
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder which affects 9% of school-age children. Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is an evidence-based parenting program reported to be useful in the management of this disorder. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of Triple P in mothers of ADHD children. In this study, 30 mothers with ADHD children aged between 6 to 10 were randomly assigned to two groups (15 participants in each group). Parenting style, mother-child relationship, maternal depression, anxiety and stress, and children's behavioral problems were evaluated. The intervention group received 120 minute sessions for 5 weeks and 15-30 minute telephone contacts for 3 weeks while no intervention was done for the control group. Analysis of covariance revealed that mothers of the Triple P group showed significant (p < 0.01) improvements in parenting style, mother-child relations...
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Survival analysis methods deal with a type of data, which is waiting time till occurrence of an event. One common method to analyze this sort of data is Cox regression. Sometimes, the underlying assumptions of the model are not true, such... more
Survival analysis methods deal with a type of data, which is waiting time till occurrence of an event. One common method to analyze this sort of data is Cox regression. Sometimes, the underlying assumptions of the model are not true, such as nonproportionality for the Cox model. In model building, choosing an appropriate model depends on complexity and the characteristics of the data that effect the appropriateness of the model. One strategy, which is used nowadays frequently, is artificial neural network (ANN) model which needs a minimal assumption. This study aimed to compare predictions of the ANN and Cox models by simulated data sets, which the average censoring rate were considered 20% to 80% in both simple and complex model. All simulations and comparisons were performed by R 2.14.1.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Computer Science, Algorithms, Electronic Health Records, Biomedical informatics, and 15 moreHealth Policy, Medicine, Hospitals, Iran, Biological Sciences, Humans, Female, Male, Physicians, Diffusion of Innovation, Conceptual Model, Middle Aged, Adult, Medical Record, and Medical and Health Sciences
The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of three common chemotherapy regimes in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer (BC) patients; the three explored regimes were taxane-based,... more
The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of three common chemotherapy regimes in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer (BC) patients; the three explored regimes were taxane-based, anthracycline-based and CMF (cyclophosphamide methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil). In this historical-cohort study, we obtained the information of 62 patients with confirmed BC in non-metastatic stage and followed them for 8 years. All the patients had undergone modified radical mastectomy surgery and had received adjuvant chemotherapy in three medical centers in Tehran, Iran. DFS was considered as the end-point. Afterwards, an extended log-logistic regression model was used to compare these regimes. The mean (SD) age of patients was 49.0 (10.3) years. The median time of follow-up was 20.0 months and the probability of 5-years DFS was 0.48. Survival analysis indicated that the type of chemotherapy (OR(CMF vs. taxane) = 0.33, OR(anthracycline vs. taxane) = 0.74), grade...
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Evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency contributes to CVD. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women. Healthy premenopausal overweight and obese women (n 77; mean age 38 (sd... more
Evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency contributes to CVD. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women. Healthy premenopausal overweight and obese women (n 77; mean age 38 (sd 8·1) years) were randomly allocated to the vitamin D (25 μg/d as cholecalciferol) or the placebo group in a double-blind manner for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Dietary intake was recorded using 24 h food recall and FFQ. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mean total cholesterol concentrations increased in the vitamin D group (0·08 (sd 0·56) mmol/l) but declined in the placebo group (0·47 (sd 0·58) mmol/l), and a significant effect was observed (P ≤ 0·001). In the vitamin D group, mean HDL-cholesterol concentration increased, whereas it decreased in the placebo group (0·07 (sd 0·2) v. − 0·03 (sd 0·2) mmol/l; P = 0·037). Mean ap...
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Context: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has already been used for prediction of age at menopause with promising results. Objective: We aimed to improve our previous prediction of age at menopause in a population-based cohort by including... more
Context: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has already been used for prediction of age at menopause with promising results. Objective: We aimed to improve our previous prediction of age at menopause in a population-based cohort by including all eligible subjects and additional follow-up time. Design and Setting: All reproductive-aged women who met our eligibility criteria were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The serum concentration of AMH was measured at the time of recruitment, and participant's date of menopause was recorded over a 10-year follow-up. Subjects: A total of 1015 women, aged 20 to 50 years, with regular and predictable menstrual cycles at the initiation of the study were recruited. Main Outcome Measure: The actual ages at menopause were compared with the predicted ones obtained from accelerated failure time model. Results: We observed 277 occurrences of menopause. Median menopausal age was 50 years (range 30.1–58.2 years). The median (SD) of differenc...
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Summary In this study, the effect of Polygala platyptera extracts on the withdrawal syndrome was evaluated in mice. After inducing morphine dependency, the mice were intraperitoneally injected by various concentrations of P. platyptera... more
Summary In this study, the effect of Polygala platyptera extracts on the withdrawal syndrome was evaluated in mice. After inducing morphine dependency, the mice were intraperitoneally injected by various concentrations of P. platyptera extracts (ethyl acetate and methanol). Morphine-withdrawal, induced by naloxone, was assessed by recording the incidence of escape jumps for 60 minutes. There was a significant difference between AcOEt group (the doses above 0.5 mg/kg) and control in a dosedependent manor. All the ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of Iranian colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their importance using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This study was a historical cohort study and the data gathered... more
The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of Iranian colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their importance using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This study was a historical cohort study and the data gathered from 1,219 registered CRC patients between January 2002 and October 2007 at the Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. For determining the risk factors and survival prediction of patients, neural network (NN) and Cox regression models were used, utilizing R 2.12.0 software. One, three and five-year estimated survival probability in colon patients were 0.92, 0.71, and 0.48 and for rectum patients were 0.86, 0.71, and 0.42, respectively. By the ANN model, pathologic distant metastasis, pathologic regional lymph nodes, tumor grade, high risk behavior, pathologic primary tumor, familial history and tumor size variables were determined as ordered important factors for colon ...
Research Interests: Oncology, Cancer, Survival Analysis, Medicine, Colorectal cancer, and 15 moreIran, Humans, Internal Medicine, Female, Male, Risk factors, Public health systems and services research, Proportional hazards model, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Shahid, Proportional Hazards Models, Colorectal Neoplasms, Asian Pacific region, and Rectum
Being diagnosed with cancer has major impacts on a patient's life. This study was conducted to explore how specific daily activities of patients change as a result of cancer diagnosis or its treatment and how these patients feel about... more
Being diagnosed with cancer has major impacts on a patient's life. This study was conducted to explore how specific daily activities of patients change as a result of cancer diagnosis or its treatment and how these patients feel about such changes. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Cancer patients referred to our clinics and by completing a questionnaire, they reported their daily activities and how they changed after diagnosis. A total of 201 patients in Canada and 167 patients in Iran completed the questionnaire. The research setting was the outpatient cancer clinics of the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Canada (February to April 2008) and Imam Reza Hospital and Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran (March to August 2008). More than 40 percent of the patients reported changes after the diagnosis in at least 8 out of 22 daily activities listed in the questionnaire. While a negative perception towards the changes was more common, some patients also perceived some cha...
Dietary behaviors affect obesity; therefore, it seems necessary to conduct interventions to modify behavioral patterns leading to weight-gain in the family. Our goal was to determine the impact of training on women's capabilities in... more
Dietary behaviors affect obesity; therefore, it seems necessary to conduct interventions to modify behavioral patterns leading to weight-gain in the family. Our goal was to determine the impact of training on women's capabilities in modifying their obesity-related dietary behaviors in Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran: applying family-centered empowerment model. A quasi-experimental study with Pretest-Posttest design was conducted on 90 over-weight/obese women in 2012 in two Health Centers of Urmia. Convenience sampling was done and the participants were randomly assigned to two 'test' and 'control' groups. Data collection was done by completing the demographic data questionnaire, the empowerment tool and dietary behavior checklist. The intervention was conducted in the form of 6 educational classes held for the 'test' group. After two months, posttest was performed by completing the forms once again. Data were analyzed with descriptive tests, t-tests...
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Increase of mortality rates of gastric cancer in Iran and the world in recent years reveal necessity of studies on this disease. Here, hazard function for gastric cancer patients was estimated using Wavelet and Kernel methods and some... more
Increase of mortality rates of gastric cancer in Iran and the world in recent years reveal necessity of studies on this disease. Here, hazard function for gastric cancer patients was estimated using Wavelet and Kernel methods and some related factors were assessed. Ninety- five gastric cancer patients in Fayazbakhsh Hospital between 1996 and 2003 were studied. The effects of age of patients, gender, stage of disease and treatment method on patient's lifetime were assessed. For data analyses, survival analyses using Wavelet method and Log-rank test in R software were used. Nearly 25.3% of patients were female. Fourteen percent had surgery treatment and the rest had treatment without surgery. Three fourths died and the rest were censored. Almost 9.5% of patients were in early stages of the disease, 53.7% in locally advance stage and 36.8% in metastatic stage. Hazard function estimation with the wavelet method showed significant difference for stages of disease (P<0.001) and did...
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Identifying the risk factors of recurrence of breast cancer is important for both the physician and patient. Analysis of the first recurrence may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the factor's effects because it does not completely... more
Identifying the risk factors of recurrence of breast cancer is important for both the physician and patient. Analysis of the first recurrence may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the factor's effects because it does not completely reflect the history of the disease and may result in the loss of valuable information. The present study aimed to determine the factors that influence breast cancer recurrence and to estimate disease-free survival, adjusting for multiple metastases in breast cancer patients. Patients were selected from a longitudinal study carried out at Fayazabakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and who underwent either modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery between January 2006 and April 2008 were recruited to take part in the study. Breast cancer recurrence was defined as the occurrence of a tumor in the contralateral breast, local-regional relapse, or distant metastasis to other organs. Using an extended ...
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A self-efficacy instrument should be condition-specific. There are several instruments for measuring self-efficacy, but none are air pollution-specific. This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy measure for assessing pregnant... more
A self-efficacy instrument should be condition-specific. There are several instruments for measuring self-efficacy, but none are air pollution-specific. This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy measure for assessing pregnant women's responses to air pollution hazards. A random sample of pregnant women aged between 18 and 35 years attending three prenatal care centers were entered into the study. Prenatal care centers randomly selected from a list of centers located in different geographical regions of Tehran, Iran. After careful consideration and performing content and face validity, a 4-item measure was developed and participants completed the questionnaire. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and validity was assessed by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and known group comparison. In all 200 eligible pregnant women were studied. The mean age of participants was 26.9 (SD = 4.8) years and it was 27.9 (SD = 9.1) weeks for gestational age. The find...
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To determine the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention based on Pender&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among... more
To determine the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention based on Pender&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. The quasi-experimental study based on Pender&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Health Promotion Model was conducted during April-June 2011. Information (data) was collected by self-administered questionnaire. In addition, a 3 d breakfast record was analysed. P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0·05 was considered significant. Two middle schools in average-income areas of Qom, Iran. One hundred female middle-school students. There was a significant reduction in immediate competing demands and preferences, perceived barriers and negative activity-related affect constructs in the experimental group after education compared with the control group. In addition, perceived benefit, perceived self-efficacy, positive activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situational influences, commitment to a plan of action, frequency and intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients of breakfast consumption were also significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group after the nutrition education intervention. Constructs of Pender&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Health Promotion Model provide a suitable source for designing strategies and content of a nutrition education intervention for improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female students.
Research Interests: Program Evaluation, Health Promotion, Public Health Nutrition, Cognition, Adolescent, and 16 moreIran, Self Efficacy, Students, Humans, Female, Achievement, Sleep, Nutritional Status, Family Relations, Questionnaires, Self Assessment, Food habits, Time Factors, Nutritional Sciences, Breakfast, and Energy Intake
McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) is an instrument specifically designed to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced diseases. The primary objective of this study was to translate this questionnaire into Persian... more
McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) is an instrument specifically designed to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced diseases. The primary objective of this study was to translate this questionnaire into Persian and assess its reliability and validity in Iranian patients suffering from an advanced cancer. The report also includes the correlations between patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; characteristics and their QOL scores. MQOL was translated into Persian using a forward-backward method and administered to 62 patients with cancer at two hospitals in Tehran. Statistical analysis was performed to test reliability and validity of the questionnaire and to assess relationships between patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; characteristics and MQOL scores. In general, MQOL-Persian is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess QOL in Iranian patients with advanced cancer. Test-retest reliability of the whole questionnaire is highly favorable for a questionnaire of this type (Pearson correlation = 0.87). Except for the existential subscale, all MQOL scores are internally consistent. There was no significant correlation between MQOL scores and patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; extent of knowledge about their disease. The Persian version of MQOL is, for the most part, a valid, reliable instrument in this setting. Because of cultural differences, the existential subscale may require adaptation. Further studies are needed to explore other aspects of QOL in Iranian patients with cancer.
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To develop an instrument for measuring Health Promotion Model constructs in terms of breakfast consumption, and to identify the constructs that were predictors of breakfast consumption among Iranian female students. A questionnaire on... more
To develop an instrument for measuring Health Promotion Model constructs in terms of breakfast consumption, and to identify the constructs that were predictors of breakfast consumption among Iranian female students. A questionnaire on Health Promotion Model variables was developed and potential predictors of breakfast consumption were assessed using this tool. One hundred female students, mean age 13 years (SD ± 1.2 years). Two middle schools from moderate-income areas in Qom, Iran. Health Promotion Model variables were assessed using a 58-item questionnaire. Breakfast consumption was also measured. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), content validity index, content validity ratio, multiple linear regression using stepwise method, and Pearson correlation. Content validity index and content validity ratio scores of the developed scale items were 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. Internal consistencies (range, .74-.91) of subscales were acceptable. Prior related behaviors, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and competing demand and preferences were 4 constructs that could predict 63% variance of breakfast frequency per week among subjects. The instrument developed in this study may be a useful tool for researchers to explore factors affecting breakfast consumption among students. Students with a high level of self-efficacy, more prior related behavior, fewer perceived barriers, and fewer competing demands were most likely to regularly consume breakfast.