- 605.920.0229
Gregory M Vecchi
Keiser University, Criminal Justice, Faculty Member
- Dr. Vecchi currently serves as a Professor of Criminal Justice and Homeland Security at Keiser University. He is also... moreDr. Vecchi currently serves as a Professor of Criminal Justice and Homeland Security at Keiser University. He is also the Principal of VGI Consulting and Training and the Director of Training at SafeDefend LLC. Dr. Vecchi has over 30 years of law enforcement experience. He is the retired Chief of the FBI Behavioral Science Unit and career FBI negotiator. In these positions, he gained extensive experience assessing, interacting, and investigating violent offenders, as well as researching and conducting hundreds of training sessions in threat assessment and crisis negotiation.edit
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... interventions and their side effects; crisis intervention and de-escalation skills; and knowledge of the ... reflecting emotions, asking open-ended questions), which are critical for de ... of Justice Assistance, Memphis, Tennessee,... more
... interventions and their side effects; crisis intervention and de-escalation skills; and knowledge of the ... reflecting emotions, asking open-ended questions), which are critical for de ... of Justice Assistance, Memphis, Tennessee, Police Depart-ment's Crisis Intervention Team, Bulletin ...
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... three categories of aggressive workplace behaviors including: expres-sions of hostility (verbal expressions or silent treatments), obstructionism (behaviors to ... Descriptive data were obtained from 15 cases in order to incorporate... more
... three categories of aggressive workplace behaviors including: expres-sions of hostility (verbal expressions or silent treatments), obstructionism (behaviors to ... Descriptive data were obtained from 15 cases in order to incorporate case studies representing emerging trends. ...
Research Interests: Criminology, Psychology, Mental Health, Homicide, Negotiation, and 11 moreSituational Ethics, Law Enforcement, Crisis, Crisis Intervention, Aggression, Workplace Violence, Victims, Development Strategy, Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Database System
Purpose – The current paper seeks to outline the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) and review extant research regarding its efficacy in reducing criminalization of people with mental illness, as well as improving interactions between this... more
Purpose – The current paper seeks to outline the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) and review extant research regarding its efficacy in reducing criminalization of people with mental illness, as well as improving interactions between this population and law enforcement officers. Design/methodology/approach – The CIT model and theoretical underpinnings are discussed and an evaluative review of the current literature is presented.
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Law enforcement negotiation is one of the only times when a law enforcement officer interacts with an offender during the commission of a crime and, as such, can influence the outcome of the situation in favor of law enforcement. All... more
Law enforcement negotiation is one of the only times when a law enforcement officer interacts with an offender during the commission of a crime and, as such, can influence the outcome of the situation in favor of law enforcement. All other interactions between offenders take place after the commission of the crime or during undercover operations when the law enforcement officer is hiding their identity. Law enforcement crisis and tactical negotiation (LECTN) provides techniques, tactics, and procedures for seamlessly dealing with difficult, dangerous, and disordered persons to obtain voluntary compliance through the application of verbal influence-based skill sets. LECTN is a method by which to deal with perceived threats to a subject’s emotional, psychological, or physical well-being during intense conflict or crisis situations. Understanding critical incidents and the mindset of a subject is critical to determining the proper communication strategies and tactics. At the heart of the process is understanding and assessing instrumental and expressive behavior in order to apply tactical negotiation or crisis intervention. A key skill set to being effective in negotiating with difficult, dangerous, and disordered persons is to build credibility through the application of the Behavioral Influence Stairway Model in the effective application of active listening skills, empathy, rapport–trust, and influence to persuade behavioral change on the part of the subject.
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This paper aims to discuss the application of crisis negotiation to individuals with a number of challenging traits, characteristics and behaviors, extending its application to terrorism. Such crisis situations include roof‐top protests... more
This paper aims to discuss the application of crisis negotiation to individuals with a number of challenging traits, characteristics and behaviors, extending its application to terrorism. Such crisis situations include roof‐top protests and barricades, and any context that may include the need to re‐direct individuals in crisis, including terrorist activities such as hostage‐taking. This paper will review the history of crisis negotiation and consider different approaches to its management. It will then discuss the relationship‐building model of crisis negotiation of the Behavioral Influence Stairway Model. This is an updated variation of the Behavioral Change Stairway Model, which was first used in the wider community, and further applied here to traits and behaviors which may potentially be found in terrorist perpetrators. The application of this model to individuals who present with such traits and behaviors will be discussed, along with approaches to enhance and maximize negotiation processes with such individuals. This paper presents applications of the model and approaches to negotiation in terrorist situations.
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Abstract Law enforcement agencies often deal with difficult, dangerous, and disordered individuals by applying the theory and practice of tactical negotiation, which is composed of a unique application of communication techniques aimed at... more
Abstract Law enforcement agencies often deal with difficult, dangerous, and disordered individuals by applying the theory and practice of tactical negotiation, which is composed of a unique application of communication techniques aimed at obtaining voluntary compliance. Known as hostage or crisis negotiation, law enforcement tactical negotiation (LETN) has shown to be an effective technique for resolving barricaded hostage and crisis situations, kidnappings, and suicidal incidents. Over the years, there have been several models of LETN, however; most of them are based on the assumption that the 1) subject is rational and 2) the subject views the officer as credible; however, in situations where people are in crisis, emotions control their actions rather than reason. Therefore, being successful requires the officer to return the subject to a rational state of mind and establish trust (credibility). If either of these, elements are missing, then traditional negotiation will most likely fail in gaining voluntary compliance in a timely manner. This is especially true with suicidal persons who have exceeded their ability to cope with their situation and believe that no one will help them. The Behavioral Influence Stairway Model (BISM) operates on the premise that a state of personal crisis occurs when coping and social support mechanisms fail and that to end the crisis, at least one of these elements must be restored. In these situations, the BISM provides a method by which the officer can re-establish social support through effectively dealing with emotions (thus returning the individual to a rational state of mind) and demonstrating empathy (thus obtaining trust). In Hong Kong, the Police Negotiation Cadre (PNC) routinely deals with a unique form of suicide where persons in crisis frequently choose jumping off high-rise buildings as their preferred means of suicide. Unlike in the United States, where a significant number of suicides involve barricaded individuals with firearms, most LETN in Hong Kong is accomplished face-to-face, since officer safety relating to firearms is atypical. Despite these differences in structure, culture, and language, the BISM is routinely used to successfully resolve suicidal situations in Hong Kong, based on the theory that emotions and relationship needs are universal and not contingent on context. Therefore, this article will present an updated version of the BISM and extend the principles of the BISM cross-culturally by providing evidence of its efficacy in negotiating with suicidal persons who threaten to jump from multi-story buildings in Hong Kong, as well as its proactive application to non-police intervenors.
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Research Interests: Sociology, Criminology, Psychology, Social Interaction, Public Relations, and 15 moreCrisis Management, Negotiation, Conflict Resolution, Law Enforcement, Online, Role Playing, Strategy, Crisis, Crisis Intervention, Behavior change, Spectrum, Crisis Negotiation, Negociation, Hostage Negotiation, and High risk
Forfeiture of assets has become an important tool in drug interdiction. Forfeiture provides substantial funds to law enforcement agencies and can produce goal displacement. A survey was conducted of all members of three task forces... more
Forfeiture of assets has become an important tool in drug interdiction. Forfeiture provides substantial funds to law enforcement agencies and can produce goal displacement. A survey was conducted of all members of three task forces dedicated to drug interdiction in the Miami, Florida area regarding the goals and the value of asset forfeiture. While all subjects endorsed the goals relating to the punishment of drug dealers as most important, federal officers not assigned to joint task forces valued economic benefits to the agency less than federal agents assigned to joint task forces who, in turn, valued economic benefits less than non‐federal task force agents.
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Research Interests: Psychology and C
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1. Conflict and Crisis Negotiation: The Negotiated Resolution Model by Gregory M. Vecchi 2. Negotiation: Principles and Theoretical Underpinnings by Neil Gredecki 3. Crisis Situations: Communications, Goals, and Techniques by Samuel L.... more
1. Conflict and Crisis Negotiation: The Negotiated Resolution Model by Gregory M. Vecchi 2. Negotiation: Principles and Theoretical Underpinnings by Neil Gredecki 3. Crisis Situations: Communications, Goals, and Techniques by Samuel L. Browning, Andrea M. Brockman, and Vincent B. Van Hasselt 4. Application of the Critical Incident to Mental Illness and Cognitive Impairment: Considerations and Implications by Carol A. Ireland 5. Application of the Critical Incident to Personality Disorder: Considerations and Implications by Carol A. Ireland 6. Ethical Considerations in a Conflict and Crisis Situation by Martin J. Fisher 7. Expertise of the Negotiator in Conflict and Crisis Communication by Martin J. Fisher 8. When the Management of the Critical Incident Goes Wrong: Pitfalls and Suggested Approaches by Debbie Marsh 9. Post Critical Incident: Considerations by Abigail S. Tucker 10. Held Against their Choice: Behaviour, Considerations and Implications for the Captive by Carol A. Ireland and Gretory M. Vecchi
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... 61-67. 25 Harmon. 26 Harmon. 27 Harmon. 28 O'Toole. 29 O'Toole. 30 For more information about SRO programs and training, visit the National Association of School Resource Officers Web site at http://www.nasro.org. 31
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Research Interests: Sociology and Psychology
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Stockholm Syndrome is a paradoxical psychological experience which both intrigues and often frustrates law enforcement and mental health professionals alike. Much attention has been directed toward understanding and defining the... more
Stockholm Syndrome is a paradoxical psychological experience which both intrigues and often frustrates law enforcement and mental health professionals alike. Much attention has been directed toward understanding and defining the contextual variables associated with the development of Stockholm Syndrome. Since it appears that the formation of Stockholm Syndrome may increase the likelihood of hostage survival, discerning the factors that may encourage its occurrence is a priority for crisis negotiators. The purpose of this paper is to (1) analyze crisis situations using actual case examples in which evidence of Stockholm Syndrome has been reported and (2) examine the variables associated with the development of this phenomenon. Case information was obtained from the Hostage Barricade Database System (HOBAS) of the FBI’s Crisis Negotiation Unit. Results of this analysis conclude that some, but not all, factors previously hypothesized as requisite to the development of Stockholm Syndrome find additional support from this case analysis.
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Initial reports of domestic violence are generally made to law enforcement officers who must respond and intervene. A subset of these episodes involves cases in which the victim, and, in many instances her child(ren), have been taken... more
Initial reports of domestic violence are generally made to law enforcement officers who must respond and intervene. A subset of these episodes involves cases in which the victim, and, in many instances her child(ren), have been taken hostage by her husband or partner. Moreover, there are indications that the number of such incidents is growing. The purpose of this project
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Role playing has been a mainstay of behavioral assessment for decades. In recent years, however, this analogue strategy has also enjoyed widespread application in the field of law enforcement. Most notably, role-play procedures have... more
Role playing has been a mainstay of behavioral assessment for decades. In recent years, however, this analogue strategy has also enjoyed widespread application in the field of law enforcement. Most notably, role-play procedures have become an integral component of assessment and training efforts in hostage and crisis negotiation, which attempts to resolve high-risk and often volatile situations in a peaceful, nonviolent manner when possible. The purpose of this paper is to (a) describe development and validation of a role-play test specifically geared toward law enforcement negotiators, (b) present different role-play formats that have been incorporated in law enforcement negotiation training, and (c) discuss limitations and considerations in use of these instruments. Suggestions for directions that future efforts in this area might take are offered. The heuristic value of role playing in crisis management, counterterrorism, and emergency and mass casualty disaster training exercises is also underscored.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Law enforcement negotiation is one of the only times when a law enforcement officer interacts with an offender during the commission of a crime and, as such, can influence the outcome of the situation in favor of law enforcement. All... more
Law enforcement negotiation is one of the only times when a law enforcement officer interacts with an offender during the commission of a crime and, as such, can influence the outcome of the situation in favor of law enforcement. All other interactions between offenders take place after the commission of the crime or during undercover operations when the law enforcement officer is hiding his or her identity. Law enforcement crisis negotiation (LECN) provides techniques, tactics, and procedures for seamlessly dealing with difficult, dangerous, and disordered persons to obtain voluntary compliance through the application of verbal influence-based skill sets. LECN is a method by which to deal with perceived threats to a subject’s emotional, psychological, or physical well-being during intense conflict or crisis situations. Understanding critical incidents and the mindset of a subject is critical to determining the proper communication strategies and tactics. At the heart of the process is understanding and assessing instrumental and expressive behavior in order to apply tactical negotiation or crisis intervention. A key skill set to being effective in negotiating with difficult, dangerous, and disordered persons is to build credibility through the application of the Behavioral Influence Stairway Model (BISM) in the effective application of active listening skills, empathy, rapport-trust, and influence to persuade behavioral change on the part of the subject.
Research Interests:
Law enforcement agencies often deal with difficult, dangerous, and disordered individuals by applying the theory and practice of tactical negotiation, which is composed of a unique application of communication techniques aimed at... more
Law enforcement agencies often deal with difficult, dangerous, and disordered individuals by applying the theory and practice of tactical negotiation, which is composed of a unique application of communication techniques aimed at obtaining voluntary compliance. Known as hostage or crisis negotiation, law enforcement tactical negotiation (LETN) has shown to be an effective technique for resolving barricaded hostage and crisis situations, kidnappings, and suicidal incidents. Over the years, there have been several models of LETN, however; most of them are based on the assumption that the 1) subject is rational and 2) the subject views the officer as credible; however, in situations where people are in crisis, emotions control their actions rather than reason. Therefore, being successful requires the officer to return the subject to a rational state of mind and establish trust (credibility). If either of these, elements are missing, then traditional negotiation will most likely fail in gaining voluntary compliance in a timely manner. This is especially true with suicidal persons who have exceeded their ability to cope with their situation and believe that no one will help them. The Behavioral Influence Stairway Model (BISM) operates on the premise that a state of personal crisis occurs when coping and social support mechanisms fail and that to end the crisis, at least one of these elements must be restored. In these situations, the BISM provides a method by which the officer can re-establish social support through effectively dealing with emotions (thus returning the individual to a rational state of mind) and demonstrating empathy (thus obtaining trust). In Hong Kong, the Police Negotiation Cadre (PNC) routinely deals with a unique form of suicide where persons in crisis frequently choose jumping off high-rise buildings as their preferred means of suicide. Unlike in the United States, where a significant number of suicides involve barricaded individuals with firearms, most LETN in Hong Kong is accomplished face-to-face, since officer safety relating to firearms is atypical. Despite these differences in structure, culture, and language, the BISM is routinely used to successfully resolve suicidal situations in Hong Kong, based on the theory that emotions and relationship needs are universal and not contingent on context. Therefore, this article will present an updated version of the BISM and extend the principles of the BISM cross-culturally by providing evidence of its efficacy in negotiating with suicidal persons who threaten to jump from multi-story buildings in Hong Kong, as well as its proactive application to non-police intervenors.
Research Interests:
Role playing has been a mainstay of behavioral assessment for decades. In recent years, however, this analogue strategy has also enjoyed widespread application in the field of law enforcement. Most notably, role-play procedures have... more
Role playing has been a mainstay of behavioral assessment for decades. In recent years, however, this analogue strategy has also enjoyed widespread application in the field of law enforcement. Most notably, role-play procedures have become an integral component of assessment and training efforts in hostage and crisis negotiation, which attempts to resolve high-risk and often volatile situations in a peaceful, nonviolent manner when possible. The purpose of this paper is to (a) describe development and validation of a role-play test specifically geared toward law enforcement negotiators,(b) present different role-play formats that have been incorporated in law enforcement negotiation training, and (c) discuss limitations and considerations in use of these instruments. Suggestions for directions that future efforts in this area might take are offered. The heuristic value of role playing in crisis management, counterterrorism, and emergency and mass casualty disaster training exercises is also underscored.
Research Interests:
1. Conflict and Crisis Negotiation: The Negotiated Resolution Model by Gregory M. Vecchi 2. Negotiation: Principles and Theoretical Underpinnings by Neil Gredecki 3. Crisis Situations: Communications, Goals, and Techniques by Samuel L.... more
1. Conflict and Crisis Negotiation: The Negotiated Resolution Model by Gregory M. Vecchi 2. Negotiation: Principles and Theoretical Underpinnings by Neil Gredecki 3. Crisis Situations: Communications, Goals, and Techniques by Samuel L. Browning, Andrea M. Brockman, and Vincent B. Van Hasselt 4. Application of the Critical Incident to Mental Illness and Cognitive Impairment: Considerations and Implications by Carol A. Ireland 5. Application of the Critical Incident to Personality Disorder: Considerations and Implications by Carol A. Ireland 6. Ethical Considerations in a Conflict and Crisis Situation by Martin J. Fisher 7. Expertise of the Negotiator in Conflict and Crisis Communication by Martin J. Fisher 8. When the Management of the Critical Incident Goes Wrong: Pitfalls and Suggested Approaches by Debbie Marsh 9. Post Critical Incident: Considerations by Abigail S. Tucker 10. Held Against their Choice: Behaviour, Considerations and Implications for the Captive by Carol A. Ireland and Gretory M. Vecchi
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Research Interests:
... 61-67. 25 Harmon. 26 Harmon. 27 Harmon. 28 O'Toole. 29 O'Toole. 30 For more information about SRO programs and training, visit the National Association of School Resource Officers Web site at http://www.nasro.org. 31
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ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
... three categories of aggressive workplace behaviors including: expres-sions of hostility (verbal expressions or silent treatments), obstructionism (behaviors to ... Descriptive data were obtained from 15 cases in order to incorporate... more
... three categories of aggressive workplace behaviors including: expres-sions of hostility (verbal expressions or silent treatments), obstructionism (behaviors to ... Descriptive data were obtained from 15 cases in order to incorporate case studies representing emerging trends. ...
Research Interests:
... a , Craig Marker a , Stephen J. Romano c & Vincent B. Van Hasselt a * pages 183-198. ... Now referred to as crisis negotiation to reflect a broader strategy in conflict resolution (Hatcher, Mohandie, Tuner, & Gelles, 19985.... more
... a , Craig Marker a , Stephen J. Romano c & Vincent B. Van Hasselt a * pages 183-198. ... Now referred to as crisis negotiation to reflect a broader strategy in conflict resolution (Hatcher, Mohandie, Tuner, & Gelles, 19985. Hatcher, C., Mohandie, K., Tuner, J. and Gelles, MG 1998. ...