alam khan

This article explores how inflation and the exchange rate can affect the real value of any pension plan system in the long run. In our case, we focus on the specific pension plan system of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). Nonetheless, we use a new model that is entitled “The EPF Real Value Box – EPFRV Box”. The EPFRV Box facilitates the graphical visualization of the inflation/exchange rate impact on the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). In essence, the EPFRV Box is applied to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) of Malaysia to evaluate the impact of inflation and exchange rates on the Malaysian EPF real value from 1980 to 2030. Finally, the main objective is to apply the EPFRV Box to extend the significance of the impact of inflation and the exchange rate on any pension plan system (in this case EPF) beyond mere theory, using them as practical instruments to solve retirement and pensioner problems.

This article examines theoretical and methodological academic journals related to terrorism. This is done through an extensive review and analysis of publications of ten different journals with economics, politics, and military background within a 20-year period (2000–2020). It was observed that at different period in time, terrorism research academic papers focused on different national and international issues that invoked different economic practical approaches to facilitate the explanation of the complex and dynamic issues about terrorism economically and politically.

This article examines the research methods and techniques used in academic research papers related to terrorism. This is done through an extensive review and analysis of one thousand five hundred (1,500) research papers that were published in twenty different journals within 30-years period (1990–2020). It has been observed that during the course of time, these academic papers kept a constant transformation of research methods and techniques. But with the advancement of other techniques it also requires use of various new quantitative and qualitative frameworks for the analysis to facilitate the explanation of the complex and dynamic behavior of terrorism. Finally, this research proposes a new research field entitled terrorismology.

This paper intends to establish conceptual foundations of analyzing the economic dimensions of warfare. The main objective of this research paper is to evaluate the final impact of a war between India and Pakistan under the application of the Post-War Final Economic Damage Simulator (PFEDS). The PFEDS attempts to estimate the heterogeneous macroeconomic effects of a potential military conflict. The simulator suggests nine different indicators: (i) the territorial dispute tension, ∆T; (ii) the territorial dispute strategy, Sn; (iii) warfare dimension, Ak; (iv) warfare losses, -π, (v) warfare economic leaking, -Ψ, (vi) warfare economic desgrowth, -δw; (vii) the post-war economic damage, -Π; (viii) the post-war reconstruction plan, Rt; (ix) and the Mega-Disk Networks Analysis. The simulator investigates the territorial dispute between India and Pakistan (1946-2019) about Kashmir.

ABSTRACT This study seeks to evaluate the terrorism and economic performance of the economy of India from the year 2004 to the year 2013. The analysis of the study is based on the model of Economics of Terrorism Monitoring Model (ETM-Model) introduced by Khan, Ruiz Estrada, and Yusof (2015). The main objective of this research study is to scrutinize the terrorism situation in the economy of India. The effects of terrorism on the economic performance is measured by economic desgrowth. The application of the ETM-Model has five levels (a) The terrorism frequency rate (β), (b) The terrorism vulnerability rate (µT), (c) The terrorism devastation magnitude rate (λ), (d) The economic desgrowth rate (δ), and (e) The terrorism vulnerability surface (VV-surface). The economic desgrowth generated from economic growth rate due to terrorism in the year 2004 for the Indian economy is -0.91%, while the economic desgrowth for the year 2013 of the same economy is -2.05%. The study concludes that terrorism is one of the main issue of the Indian economy from the economic perspective. Indian government may work with Pakistan to resolve the issue of Jammu and Kashmir to overcome the terrorism issue. It is also needed for the Indian economy to make harmony between Muslims and Hindu with in the territory of India.

Capital is needed to accelerate the development process, but developing nations struggle with minimum resources. Since foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential to solve the funding shortage, developing nations make every effort to attract FDI to their countries. This study was conducted to explore the impact of institutional quality on sectoral FDI in Pakistan using time series data for the period from 1986 to 2019. To create a solid foundation for policy formulation, this study developed a single measure of institutional quality by utilizing a wide range of institutional indicators. It evaluates the impact of overall institution quality on sector-level FDI and examines the causal relationship between institutions and sectoral FDI with a clear focus on a single-country analysis. The dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag technique was employed to explore the impact of institutional quality and other factors on FDI. The results of the study explained that institutional ...

Foreign investment and finance are considered key to economic growth for many economies. In terrorism, these economies directly lose international capital. As a result, it causes an adverse impact on economic development in the countries. Human capital and natural capital factors will be fruitful when the environment is conducive and peaceful. Similarly, energy consumption and FDI would stimulate economic growth, subject to the absence of law-and order issues. This manuscript investigated the impact of terrorism, energy consumption and FDI on economic growth in South Asia over the period from 2002 to 2020. The model’s results display that terrorism and FDI have a negative impact on economic growth in South Asia. The result of energy consumption exhibits a positive and significant influence on economic growth in South Asia. Further, the results indicate that domestic investment and education in South Asia positively impact economic growth. Consequently, it is suggested that the South...

ABSTRACT This research work examines the effects of terrorism on economic performance of the Islamic State in Iraq & Syria (ISIS) by using the application of Economics of Crime Monitoring Model (ECM-Model) of Ruiz Estrada & Ndoma (2014). The application of this model for ISIS has five phases (a) The total terrorism frequency rate (β) (b) The national terrorism vulnerability rate (µT) (c) The terrorism devastation magnitude rate (λ) (d) The economic desgrowth rate (δ) (e) The terrorism vulnerability surface (VV-surface). This study analyses that how terrorism badly affects the economic performance of Iraq and Syria.

ABSTRACT We examine application of the Economics of Crime Monitoring (ECM-Model) Model (Ruiz Estrada & Ndoma, 2014) on Pakistan terrorism activities. The application of ECM-Model is used to evaluate the impact of terrorism on the economic performance of Pakistan economy. First part of the research work is related to introduction of the study. The second section is associated with the overview of economic position of Pakistan and terrorism activities. The third part of the paper explains the methodology of the Model. The fourth and fifth part of this research paper elaborates the results of the study and conclusion respectively.