mustafa özer
Istanbul Medeniyet University, Sanat Tarihi / Art History, Faculty Member
- History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman Balkans, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman art and architecture, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, and 28 moreEarly Ottoman architecture, Seljuk and Ottoman Architecture, Ottoman architecture, Balkan Studies, Role of Culture in Architecture, Islamic' Architecture, Turkish Art (Archaeology), Islamic Art, Art and Science, History of Art, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Edirne, Islamic Archaeology, Architecture in Anatolia at Seljuks, İslamic Arts &Architecture, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Ottoman History, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), Arkeoloji, Türk Sanatı, Sanat Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Science for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Architectural Preservation & Restoration, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Studies, Clay Tobacco Pipes, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, and Balkansedit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Ottoman History, Islamic Archaeology, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, and 33 moreOttoman Empire, Islamic' Architecture, Ottoman Turkish, Ottoman Balkans, Turkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman economic, social and military history, Ottoman-Russian relations, Ottoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Culture and History, Architectural Preservation & Restoration, The Gardens of Ottoman Palaces, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Palaeography and Diplomatics, Ottoman Warfare, Navy, Economy, and Black Sea Studies, Islamic Architecture, History of Archaeology in Ottoman Lands, Ottoman Book Painting, Ottoman Palace Rİtuals and Ceremonies, Mimarlik Tarihi, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Ottoman History, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Seljuk and Ottoman Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Balkan Wars 1912-1913, Ottoman geography, travel literature and cartography, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman Travel Writing, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), and Ottoman-Russia War (1828-1829)
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Islamic Archaeology, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Islamic' Architecture, and 29 moreOttoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Architectural preservation, Balkan archaeology, Early Ottoman architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Architectural Preservation & Restoration, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Palaeography and Diplomatics, Ottoman Warfare, Navy, Economy, and Black Sea Studies, Islamic Architecture, History of Archaeology in Ottoman Lands, Islamic art and architecture, Ottoman Tobacco Pipes, Architectural Restoration and Heritage Conservation, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Batılılaşma Dönemi Osmanlı Mimarlığı, Osmanlı Seramiği, Balkan Wars 1912-1913, Osmanlı Rus Savaşları, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), Balkan Savaşları, Geç Beylikler Dönemi Mimarisi, Osmanlı Arkeolojisi, and Osmanlı Saray Teşkilatı
Research Interests: Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 18 moreBalkan archaeology, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Balkans, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Palaeography and Diplomatics, Ottoman Warfare, Navy, Economy, and Black Sea Studies, Islamic Architecture, History of Archaeology in Ottoman Lands, Ottoman urban history, Mimarlik Tarihi, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Ottoman History, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, and Osmanlı Sanat Ve Mimarlık Tarihi
Research Interests: Art History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 9 moreMosque Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), Osmanlı Mezartaşları, and Ottoman Gravestones
Research Interests: Architecture, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Empire, Late Ottoman Period, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 13 more18-19th century Ottoman architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Mimarlik Tarihi, Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Dönemi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, History of education in the late Ottoman Empire, Eastern Thrace, Kırklareli, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Pınarhisar
Our aim in this study is not to discuss the establishment, functioning, and types of foundation institutions in detail. Our main aim is to emphasise the effects of the complexes, which are a collection of buildings and structures with... more
Our aim in this study is not to discuss the establishment, functioning, and types of foundation
institutions in detail. Our main aim is to emphasise the effects of the complexes, which are
a collection of buildings and structures with different functions built within the foundation
system in the Ottoman Period, on the construction, settlement, and therefore the physical
development of cities and towns.
With the zoning and construction activities carried out on cities, towns, and roads within
the foundation institution, the needs of society in the fields of religion, education, trade, social,
cultural, etc. were met. In addition, a significant part of the infrastructure (roads, bridges, water
systems, etc.) works on cities, towns, and roads were carried out within the foundation system.
While preparing this article, previous research and publications on this subject and our
field studies based on many years have been utilised. The sources and publications used in
the study are provided at the end of the article.
In the establishment and development of Ottoman cities, social complexes and religious
and social building communities were established in different parts of the cities and directed
the formation of crowded districts.
In Turkish-Islamic cities, complexes were generally designed and built within the framework
of a plan and programme. Within the complexes, there are structures with different functions that
meet the needs of the people of the city and town. These complexes can be found in almost all
Ottoman cities and towns, especially in capitals such as Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul. They also
appear as benzil social complexes built on the main roads connecting these cities and towns.
In this way, in addition to the physical shaping and development of cities and towns, the
needs of their inhabitants were also met.
New neighbourhoods bearing the same name as the social complexes emerged around
these complexes built within the foundations, and thus, the new population coming to the city
settled in these neighbourhoods.
In addition to the three capitals of the Ottoman Empire (Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul), we can
often see this situation in Balkan cities such as Skopje, Ishtip, Tetovo, Salonica, Sarajevo,
Mostar, Banja Luka, Dimetoka, Elbasan, Berat, Prizren, Plovdiv, Rhodes, Crete, Zigetvar, and
Peç; Anatolian cities such as Konya, Kayseri, Manisa, Amasya, Trabzon, and Diyarbakr; and
cities in countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, and Crimea.
These cities, which were within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire before they came
under Ottoman rule, gained the character of Ottoman cities in a short period of time with the
rapid reconstruction and settlement activities initiated after their conquest.
In these and other Ottoman cities and towns, the zoning and settlement policies explained
in detail above were implemented. Thanks to the foundations established in this direction,
complexes, almshouses, mosques and masjids, and tekkes and dervish lodges were built, each
of which was the centre of the neighbourhood or district they were named after. To cover the
maintenance and repair costs of these buildings, the salaries of the staff, and other expenses,
commercial buildings (shops, bazaars, inns, mills, etc.) called “akar” were built in the commercial
and production areas of the city. Thus, both the development of trade and production areas
and the establishment of new districts and neighbourhoods where the population migrating to
the city would reside were ensured. Undoubtedly, those who pioneered and contributed to the
physical, commercial, economic, cultural, and social development of cities and towns (as in the
cases of Bursa, Edirne and Istanbul) were state rulers and their families, senior administrators,
Muslim judges, scholars, merchants, sheikhs, etc. through the foundations they established.
In addition, the benzil social complexes, which were built on the roads connecting the
cities and towns, at a distance from dawn to dusk, and whose centre of gravity was composed
of inns and caravanserais for trade and accommodation purposes, enabled the places where
they were located to flourish and turn into towns and cities over time.
In the reconstruction and settlement policy implemented by the Ottoman Empire in the cities
and towns included within its borders, those who came to the forefront through the foundations
they established were members of the dynasty, high-level administrators and soldiers, Muslim
judges, scholars, merchants, sheikhs, and people with status in society.
Newly captured cities were rapidly Turkified and Islamised through a conscious reconstruction
and settlement policy pursued through the foundation system.
The foundation institution, whose founders, functioning, purpose of establishment, zoning,
and construction activities to meet the needs of the people living in cities and towns in the
Ottoman period were explained above, continues its existence and activities in a diversified
and enriched manner today.
institutions in detail. Our main aim is to emphasise the effects of the complexes, which are
a collection of buildings and structures with different functions built within the foundation
system in the Ottoman Period, on the construction, settlement, and therefore the physical
development of cities and towns.
With the zoning and construction activities carried out on cities, towns, and roads within
the foundation institution, the needs of society in the fields of religion, education, trade, social,
cultural, etc. were met. In addition, a significant part of the infrastructure (roads, bridges, water
systems, etc.) works on cities, towns, and roads were carried out within the foundation system.
While preparing this article, previous research and publications on this subject and our
field studies based on many years have been utilised. The sources and publications used in
the study are provided at the end of the article.
In the establishment and development of Ottoman cities, social complexes and religious
and social building communities were established in different parts of the cities and directed
the formation of crowded districts.
In Turkish-Islamic cities, complexes were generally designed and built within the framework
of a plan and programme. Within the complexes, there are structures with different functions that
meet the needs of the people of the city and town. These complexes can be found in almost all
Ottoman cities and towns, especially in capitals such as Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul. They also
appear as benzil social complexes built on the main roads connecting these cities and towns.
In this way, in addition to the physical shaping and development of cities and towns, the
needs of their inhabitants were also met.
New neighbourhoods bearing the same name as the social complexes emerged around
these complexes built within the foundations, and thus, the new population coming to the city
settled in these neighbourhoods.
In addition to the three capitals of the Ottoman Empire (Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul), we can
often see this situation in Balkan cities such as Skopje, Ishtip, Tetovo, Salonica, Sarajevo,
Mostar, Banja Luka, Dimetoka, Elbasan, Berat, Prizren, Plovdiv, Rhodes, Crete, Zigetvar, and
Peç; Anatolian cities such as Konya, Kayseri, Manisa, Amasya, Trabzon, and Diyarbakr; and
cities in countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, and Crimea.
These cities, which were within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire before they came
under Ottoman rule, gained the character of Ottoman cities in a short period of time with the
rapid reconstruction and settlement activities initiated after their conquest.
In these and other Ottoman cities and towns, the zoning and settlement policies explained
in detail above were implemented. Thanks to the foundations established in this direction,
complexes, almshouses, mosques and masjids, and tekkes and dervish lodges were built, each
of which was the centre of the neighbourhood or district they were named after. To cover the
maintenance and repair costs of these buildings, the salaries of the staff, and other expenses,
commercial buildings (shops, bazaars, inns, mills, etc.) called “akar” were built in the commercial
and production areas of the city. Thus, both the development of trade and production areas
and the establishment of new districts and neighbourhoods where the population migrating to
the city would reside were ensured. Undoubtedly, those who pioneered and contributed to the
physical, commercial, economic, cultural, and social development of cities and towns (as in the
cases of Bursa, Edirne and Istanbul) were state rulers and their families, senior administrators,
Muslim judges, scholars, merchants, sheikhs, etc. through the foundations they established.
In addition, the benzil social complexes, which were built on the roads connecting the
cities and towns, at a distance from dawn to dusk, and whose centre of gravity was composed
of inns and caravanserais for trade and accommodation purposes, enabled the places where
they were located to flourish and turn into towns and cities over time.
In the reconstruction and settlement policy implemented by the Ottoman Empire in the cities
and towns included within its borders, those who came to the forefront through the foundations
they established were members of the dynasty, high-level administrators and soldiers, Muslim
judges, scholars, merchants, sheikhs, and people with status in society.
Newly captured cities were rapidly Turkified and Islamised through a conscious reconstruction
and settlement policy pursued through the foundation system.
The foundation institution, whose founders, functioning, purpose of establishment, zoning,
and construction activities to meet the needs of the people living in cities and towns in the
Ottoman period were explained above, continues its existence and activities in a diversified
and enriched manner today.
Research Interests: Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, and 11 moreTurkish architecture, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Cities, Osmanlı Vakıf Sistemi, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Sanatı Ve Mimarisi Tarihi, Osmanlı Sanatı Ve Mimarisi, Ottoman cities and towns, and Ottoman Vakf
Research Interests: Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Turkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 15 moreOttoman art and architecture, Ottoman architecture, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Ottoman Heritage Art and Architecture, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Ottoman Cities, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman City,Urbanism, Balkans Under Ottoman Rule, Ottoman Thrace, Ottoman cities and towns, Tekirdağ, Ottoman Empire Architecture, Researching on Tekirdağ ( Rodosto- Bisanthe ), and History of Ottoman and Islamic Arts
ÖZ Edirne Sarayı, Sarayiçi olarak adlandırılan bölgede, Tunca Nehri'nin batısındaki alanda, II. Murad'ın saltanatının son yıllarında inşa edilmeye başlanmış ve hemen her dönemdeki ilave ve onarımlarla büyük bir kompleks haline gelmiştir.... more
ÖZ Edirne Sarayı, Sarayiçi olarak adlandırılan bölgede, Tunca Nehri'nin batısındaki alanda, II. Murad'ın saltanatının son yıllarında inşa edilmeye başlanmış ve hemen her dönemdeki ilave ve onarımlarla büyük bir kompleks haline gelmiştir. Pek çok yapısı Fatih Sultan Mehmed zamanında inşa edilen ve bünyesinde çok farklı işlevli yaklaşık 100 civarında yapıyı barındıran bu saray, oldukça geniş bir alana yayılmaktaydı. İnşa edildiği tarihten, 19. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar yoğun bir kullanıma sahne olan ve pek çok tarihi olaya (Osmanlı-Rus ve Balkan Savaşları, IV. Mehmed'in sünnet şöleni, vd.) tanıklık eden Edirne Sarayı, özellikle Osmanlı-Rus ve Balkan savaşları sırasında önemli ölçüde tahrip olmuş ve pek çok yapısı yıkılmıştır. Saraydan günümüze çok az sayıda yapı ulaşmıştır. Kaynaklardan ve yayınlardan öğrendiğimize göre Edirne Sarayı'nın; 117 Oda, 21 Divanhane, 18 Hamam, 8 Mescit, 17 Kapı, 13 Koğuş, 4 Kiler, 5 Mutfak, 17 Kasır ve 6 Köprü' den meydana geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Kuşkusuz bu bilgiler, arşiv belgeleri üzerindeki incelemeler ile sahada yapılacak kazı ve araştırmalarla daha sağlıklı hale gelecektir. Biz bu bildirimizde, biri harap olarak günümüze ulaşabilen (Kum Kasrı Hamamı), diğeri de (Aşçılar Hamamı) arkeolojik kazı sonrası ortaya çıkarılan iki hamamı; arşiv belgeleri, kazı, vd. çalışmalara dayalı olarak inceleyerek, bunların; plan, malzeme-teknik, mimari, bezeme vd. bakımlardan Osmanlı dönemi hamam mimarisi içerisindeki yerlerini belirlemeye çalışacağız. Mevcut verilerden hareketle, her ikisinin de (Kum Kasrı ve Aşçılar hamamlarının) II. Mehmed döneminde, muhtemelen 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında inşa edildiğini sanılmaktadır. Her iki hamam da, inşa edildiği dönemin mimari, plan şeması, malzeme ve teknik gibi özelliklerini yansıtırlar. Arkeolojik kazı sonrası hazırlanan rölöve, restitüsyon ve restorasyon projeleri doğrultusunda konservasyon ağırlıklı restorasyonu gerçekleştirilen Kum Kasrı Hamamı büyük oranda ayaktadır. Aşçılar Hamamı ise, yalnızca kayıtlarda bilinmekteydi. Yapılan arkeolojik kazı sonrası temel kalıntıları ortaya çıkarılan bu hamamın plan şeması büyük ölçüde belirlenmiştir. Yapı, kazı sonrası geçici koruma önlemleri kapsamında konservasyonu sağlanarak koruma altına alınmıştır.
Research Interests:
Mit dem Bau des neuen Großherrlichen Palastes von Edirne (Saray-ı Cedid-i Amire) wurde in den letzten Herrschaftsjahren von Murad II. im Jahre 1450 am westlichen Ufer des Tunca-Flusses begonnen. Die alte Residenz der Hauptstadt (Saray-ı... more
Mit dem Bau des neuen Großherrlichen Palastes von Edirne (Saray-ı Cedid-i Amire) wurde in den letzten Herrschaftsjahren von Murad II. im Jahre 1450 am westlichen Ufer des Tunca-Flusses begonnen. Die alte Residenz der Hauptstadt (Saray-ı Atik), die sich im Stadtzentrum auf dem Areal der heutigen Selimiye Moschee befand, war dafür aufgegeben worden. Der neue Palast blieb auch nach der Eroberung Istanbuls durch Sultan Mehmed II. (reg. 1451–1481) und der folgenden Verlegung der Hauptstadt von Edirne nach Istanbul als wichtige Residenz bestehen und entwickelte sich durch Erweiterungen in den Folgejahren zu einem großen Komplex (Abbildungen 1 bis 4). Eine umfangreiche Bautätigkeit war noch in der Zeit von Mehmet II. zu verzeichnen, in seiner größten Ausdehnung umfasste der Palast über 100 Gebäude mit unterschiedlichsten Funktionen.
Bis zum 19. Jahrhundert, als sich die Sultane neue Residenzen nach europäischem Vorbild bauen ließen, ist der Palast intensiv genutzt worden, er war zudem Zeuge zahlreicher historischer Ereignisse wie beispielsweise des Beschneidungsfestes der Söhne Mehmeds IV. im Jahre 1675, des Osmanisch-Russischen Krieges (1828–1829) oder der Balkan-Kriege (1911–1912). Beide Kriege gingen mit einer erheblichen Zerstörung der Palastanlage einher, viele Bauwerke sind damals dem
Erdboden gleich gemacht worden. Gegenwärtig sind nur wenige intakte Bauteile auf dem weitläufigen Areal zu sehen. Dazu zählen: die Kaiserliche Küche, die Pforte zum Inneren des Palastes Babüssade, das Cihanüma Kasrı (wörtl. Palais Weltaussicht), das Badehaus von Kum Kasrı, das Palais der Gerechtigkeit (Adalet Kasrı), die Fatih-Brücke, die Brücke Süleymans des Prächtigen, die Brücke von Şehabeddin Paşa, das Jagdschlösschen, ein Wasserdepot sowie das Brunnenhaus am Gebetsplatz. Manche dieser Bauwerke sind in einem desolaten Zustand, während einige bereits restauriert bzw. wieder aufgebaut wurden.
Erste Plünderungen und Zerstörungen des nicht mehr genutzten Palastes begannen mit dem Einzug russischer Truppen am 22. August 1829 in Edirne. In der Folgezeit konnten die Schäden beseitigt werden, das Areal diente fortan als Munitionsdepot. Im Zuge wiederholter kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen mit den Russen im Jahre 1877 sowie einer drohenden erneuten Besatzung der Stadt wurde die auf dem Palastareal verwahrte Munition auf Anraten des zuständigen Gouverneurs durch den Kommandanten in Brand gesteckt, um zu verhindern, dass die Munition in die Hände des Feindes fiel. Diese Entscheidung führte zur weitestgehenden Zerstörung der historischen Anlage. Die nach dem verheerenden Brand übrig gebliebenen Gebäude wurden geplündert und als Steinbruch genutzt, sodass sich uns heute ein trauriges Bild darbietet.
Bis zum 19. Jahrhundert, als sich die Sultane neue Residenzen nach europäischem Vorbild bauen ließen, ist der Palast intensiv genutzt worden, er war zudem Zeuge zahlreicher historischer Ereignisse wie beispielsweise des Beschneidungsfestes der Söhne Mehmeds IV. im Jahre 1675, des Osmanisch-Russischen Krieges (1828–1829) oder der Balkan-Kriege (1911–1912). Beide Kriege gingen mit einer erheblichen Zerstörung der Palastanlage einher, viele Bauwerke sind damals dem
Erdboden gleich gemacht worden. Gegenwärtig sind nur wenige intakte Bauteile auf dem weitläufigen Areal zu sehen. Dazu zählen: die Kaiserliche Küche, die Pforte zum Inneren des Palastes Babüssade, das Cihanüma Kasrı (wörtl. Palais Weltaussicht), das Badehaus von Kum Kasrı, das Palais der Gerechtigkeit (Adalet Kasrı), die Fatih-Brücke, die Brücke Süleymans des Prächtigen, die Brücke von Şehabeddin Paşa, das Jagdschlösschen, ein Wasserdepot sowie das Brunnenhaus am Gebetsplatz. Manche dieser Bauwerke sind in einem desolaten Zustand, während einige bereits restauriert bzw. wieder aufgebaut wurden.
Erste Plünderungen und Zerstörungen des nicht mehr genutzten Palastes begannen mit dem Einzug russischer Truppen am 22. August 1829 in Edirne. In der Folgezeit konnten die Schäden beseitigt werden, das Areal diente fortan als Munitionsdepot. Im Zuge wiederholter kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen mit den Russen im Jahre 1877 sowie einer drohenden erneuten Besatzung der Stadt wurde die auf dem Palastareal verwahrte Munition auf Anraten des zuständigen Gouverneurs durch den Kommandanten in Brand gesteckt, um zu verhindern, dass die Munition in die Hände des Feindes fiel. Diese Entscheidung führte zur weitestgehenden Zerstörung der historischen Anlage. Die nach dem verheerenden Brand übrig gebliebenen Gebäude wurden geplündert und als Steinbruch genutzt, sodass sich uns heute ein trauriges Bild darbietet.
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 6 moreOttoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Edirne, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), and Osmanlı Sanatı Ve Mimarisi
The first step is the Balkan territory of the Ottoman Empire by conquest of the Çimbe Castle in 1354. The most imprortant Ottoman cities in Balkan geography; Adrianople, Didymoteicho, Varna, Thessaloniki, Skopje, Sarajevo, Elbasan,... more
The first step is the Balkan territory of the Ottoman Empire by conquest of
the Çimbe Castle in 1354. The most imprortant Ottoman cities in Balkan
geography; Adrianople, Didymoteicho, Varna, Thessaloniki, Skopje, Sarajevo,
Elbasan, Berat, Plovdiv, Shumen, Prizren. Organization and development of
the Ottoman city, religious and social complex with qualified structures are important
contribution. This complex was built in different regions of cities, thanks
to the establishment of a large neighborhood. The social and economic development
of the Ottoman city respects has been leading people effectively.
The Sultan and his family, top executives, traders, scholar and soldier built by
people like the physical development of cities with buildings.
In this study, based on archive and field researchs. The aim of this research;
the geography of Balkans is to determine the number of buildings built during
the Ottoman period.
And this building to determine how many of the present day arrived. This
research give to us, how much of which are within the scope of the reconstruction
activities in the Balkan geography residential units have been built
in different functional structures. Some of this structure in the form of complex,
which was built as a part of the single building. However, very few of these
buildings are still in the present day. The reason for this is; war, earthquake, fire
disaster, etc.
the Çimbe Castle in 1354. The most imprortant Ottoman cities in Balkan
geography; Adrianople, Didymoteicho, Varna, Thessaloniki, Skopje, Sarajevo,
Elbasan, Berat, Plovdiv, Shumen, Prizren. Organization and development of
the Ottoman city, religious and social complex with qualified structures are important
contribution. This complex was built in different regions of cities, thanks
to the establishment of a large neighborhood. The social and economic development
of the Ottoman city respects has been leading people effectively.
The Sultan and his family, top executives, traders, scholar and soldier built by
people like the physical development of cities with buildings.
In this study, based on archive and field researchs. The aim of this research;
the geography of Balkans is to determine the number of buildings built during
the Ottoman period.
And this building to determine how many of the present day arrived. This
research give to us, how much of which are within the scope of the reconstruction
activities in the Balkan geography residential units have been built
in different functional structures. Some of this structure in the form of complex,
which was built as a part of the single building. However, very few of these
buildings are still in the present day. The reason for this is; war, earthquake, fire
disaster, etc.
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Turkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 6 moreBalkanlar, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman Architecture In Macedonia, Osmanlının Rumelisi, and Osmanlı Sanatı Ve Mimarisi Tarihi
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 7 moreOttoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 9 moreEconomic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Macedonia, Mimarlik Tarihi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Skopje, Osmanlı Şehirleri, and Osmanlı Şehiriçi Hanları
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 10 moreEconomic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Black Sea Studies, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı Tarihi, Trebizond, Türk Islam Sanatı, Trabzon, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Khans and Kervansarays, and Osmanlı Şehiriçi Hanları
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Balkan Studies, Balkan History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 13 moreBalkan archaeology, Mimarlik Tarihi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Turkish Islamic Arts, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Skopje, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Urban development of Balkan cities, Ottoman Skopje, and Osmanlı Şehiriçi Hanları
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 7 moreOttoman art and architecture, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, and Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 10 moreEconomic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, The Gardens of Ottoman Palaces, Mimarlik Tarihi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 8 moreMimarlik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Klasik Osmanlı Cami Mimarisi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 8 moreOttoman art and architecture, Mimarlik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 9 moreOttoman art and architecture, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Palaeography and Diplomatics, Ottoman Warfare, Navy, Economy, and Black Sea Studies, Islamic Architecture, History of Archaeology in Ottoman Lands, History of Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests: Balkan Studies, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, and 21 moreHistory of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Balkan archaeology, Ottoman art and architecture, Economic History of Ottoman Empire, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Balkans, Sanat Tarihi, Mimarlik Tarihi, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Ottoman History, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Klasik Osmanlı Cami Mimarisi, Turkish and Islamic Art and History, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Macedonia, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Balkans Under Ottoman Rule
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Ottoman Studies, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman City, Urbanisme, Ottoman History, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, and 6 moreOsmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), and Ottoman Gravestones
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, and 7 moreOsmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Osmanlı Akıncı Aileleri
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Balkan History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, and 10 moreHistory of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), History of Balkan Cities, and Osmanlı Akıncı Aileleri
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, and 16 moreTurkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Culture and History, Mimarlik Tarihi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Teşkilat Tarihi, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), and Osmanlı Akıncı Aileleri
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Turkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, and 14 moreOttoman art and architecture, Mehmed II, Turkish architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Osmanlı hanedanı, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Osmanlı Mezartaşları, and Ottoman Gravestones
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, and 13 moreTurkish Art (Archaeology), History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Mosque Architecture, Turkish architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, and Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis)
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Islamic' Architecture, and 15 moreOttoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Turkish architecture, Early Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Turkish Islamic Arts, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Ottoman-Tatar Relations, Ottoman Gravestones, ŞAhin Giray, and Kırım Hanlığı
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Balkans, and 12 moreHistory of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Ottoman art and architecture, Mimarlik Tarihi, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Şehirleri, Ottoman Architecture In the Balkans, Ottoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis), and Kültürel Miras
Research Interests: Balkan Studies, Ottoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Ottoman art and architecture, Mimarlik Tarihi, and 10 moreOttoman architecture, Edirne, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Türk Islam Sanatı, Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi, Adrianople, History of Ottoman Architecture, Ottoman Palace, and Ottoman Capital
Research Interests: Ottoman History, Ottoman Studies, Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Archaeology, Ottoman Palaeography and Diplomatics, Ottoman Warfare, Navy, Economy, and Black Sea Studies, Islamic Architecture, History of Archaeology in Ottoman Lands, Edirne, and 2 moreOttoman Edirne (Adrianoupolis) and Ottoman Gravestones
Research Interests: Ottoman Studies, Byzantine Studies, Ottoman Balkans, History of Ottoman Art and Architecture, Mimarlik Tarihi, and 9 moreEarly Ottoman Architecture, Early Ottoman Cities, Late Byzantine Art and Architecture, Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi, Bizans Sanatı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Osmanlı Tarihi, Bizans Mimarlığı, Türk Islam Sanatı, Kırklareli, and Osmanlı Müesseseleri Ve Medeniyeti Tarihi
Topkapı Sarayı'ndan sonra Osmanlı hanedanının en önemli ikâmetgâhı olan Edirne Sarayı, tarih içinde hem su taşkını ve deprem gibi doğal felaketler, hem de savaşlar nedeniyle ciddi şekilde hasar gördü. Bugün arkeolojik kazı, koruma ve... more
Topkapı Sarayı'ndan sonra Osmanlı hanedanının en önemli ikâmetgâhı olan Edirne Sarayı, tarih içinde hem su taşkını ve deprem gibi doğal felaketler, hem de savaşlar nedeniyle ciddi şekilde hasar gördü. Bugün arkeolojik kazı, koruma ve restorasyon çalışmaları Prof. Dr. Mustafa Özer idaresinde sürdürülen saray, mülkiyet sorunları giderilirse ören yeri ve müze şeklinde ziyarete açılacak.