Skopje

Ky libër botohet me rastin e 100 vjetori të vdekjes së Dom Zef Ramaj. Dom Zefi lindi në Stubëll (Viti) më 1882. Vitet e para shkollore vizitoi në Prizren, pastaj në Shkodër në kolegjin Ksaverian. Më 1905 vazhdoi studimet teologjike në Innsbruck të Austrisë. Veproi qysh prej 1907 në Shkup, si famullitar dhe mësues i shkollës Shqipe. Më 1910 pagëzoi Gonxhe Bojaxhiun (Nënë Tereza). Ky libër monografik është vetëm një pjesë e jetës së Dom Zefit Ramaj, e cila duhet edhe më të hulumtohet e studiohet. Jeta dhe veprimtaria e Dom Zef Ramaj është shumë e bujshme. Ndonëse nuk jetoi as 33 vjet të plota, ai ishte përjetues, dëshmitar e protagonist i rrethanave, ngjarjeve dhe i zhvillimeve të ndryshme historike. Ai e përjetoi pushtetin e Perandorisë Osmane dhe rënien e saj, shpalljen e Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë, luftërat ballkanike (të tmerrshme për fatin e shqiptarëve), e Luftën e Parë Botërore. "Për momentin nuk kam mundësi që t`ju dërgoj një raport të detajuar. Ju duhet të keni parasysh se gjendemi në gjendje lufte.... nuk mund të paramendoni atë se çka është mëkatuar ndaj bashkatdhetarëve tanë në këtë luftë.... zemra ime është përplot, për atë se çfarë mund t`ju shkruaj më tutje. Më mirë do të vdisja se Shqipërinë ta shihja në këtë gjendje, në të cilën gjendet".

The analytical overview of the choroi, lighting devices with liturgical function, which have been in use from the middle of the 14th to the beginning of the 20th century on the territory of present day Republic of Macedonia, discusses fourteen examples manufactured in bronze and wood. Five of these works of applied art are authentically attributed with monograms or inscriptions. The period in which the other examples have been produced, has been hypothetically assigned according to their characteristics and historical context.

–    NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN MACEDONIA
          AT THE CONTEXT OF MACEDONIAN TURKS IDENTITY
Necati ÇAYIRLI 
Macedonia as an inseparable part of the Turkish History, is one of the mixed regions from the ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic point of view of the Balkans. During history, the existence of Turks in a region where different tribes like Thracians, Romans, Slavs have settled, begins with the arrival of Hun Turks at IV. Century over here. From the second half of XIV. Century to the Balkan wars, the region remained under the domination of Ottomans. With the withdrawal of the Ottoman State from the region, Turks who got at a position to immigrate with different reasons, fell in status of minority. Turks already in a victimized position, both in the kingdom of Yugoslavia and in the period of Yosip Broz Tito; didn’t make any presence felt for the matters of religious, language, educational, social and political organizations. After the death of Tito (1980), like other nations, a new period from the point of view of Turks began with the breakup of Yugoslavia which in general terms had begun to lose its constructive and peaceful status and also with the declaration of the independence of Macedonia (1991).

There is a social solidarity (waqf percept) at the region going on from the Ottoman period.  It was quite impossible for the Turks to come together at the fields of language, education, folklore, organizing at political, social and cultural terms during the years 1912-1940. However, there were developments like the establishment of “Charitable Community of Skopje Turks” from the “Sebat Football Club” at 1924. Macedonian Turks; established “Yücel Organization” at 1942 and also “Victory” Culture and Sport Club at 1946. But the negative effects of the immigrations and existing governance, leaded to the shortness of periods or terminating of these activities. Like the “Yücel Organization”

Associations like “Community of Turkish Writers” at 1950, “New Road” at 1966, “Golden Fingers” at 1976 gave the struggle of continuing their existence. Afterwards, it begins a period of ambiguity of the years 1990, transition to many parties order and political organizing. Despite some negativeness, works on increasing at least the activities in an organized way of cultural, artistic and social fields of Turks, occur. As from the year 2015 there are approximately 5000 registered NGO’s at 20 different fields in Macedonia.  During the period 1990-2015, 127 Turkish Non-Governmental Organizations like “Bridge”, “Horizon”, “Shield”, “Compassion”, “Namik Efendi”,”Young Pencils”,”MATÜKAT” have been acting on cultural, artistic and communal fields and also on the awareness of Turks.

As a result, NGO’s have been established within the purpose of protecting the national and moral culture of Macedonian Turks, defending the rights and common interests in a democratic way, performing works on building good relations with the other Macedonian citizens and contributing to settle the tolerance and mentality of living together in Macedonia. Hereby, Macedonian Turks; in the name of protecting the national and religious identities, keep increasing their activities by being organized in cultural, artistic, social fields etc.

In the last decades of the twentieth century, the term 'counter-monument' seemed to fittingly describe a new democratic ethos of engaging individuals subjectively rather than authoritatively into commemoration, connected to the postmodern breakdown of historical master narratives. From today’s point of view, however, the memorial landscape looks more complex: Issues of economics (monument tourism), of the environment (the role of nature as memorial, and its precarious status in urban and rural civilization), activism, and of representation (not only national or ethnic, but just as often transnational and cross-generational), must be understood in order to evaluate current debates and designs, and to reconsider claims of democratic access, and supposed shifts in the genre of the monument.

In this paper, we will discuss our project, entitled as " Ottoman Monuments in Macedonia " , supported by Scientific Research Projects of MSGSU. This field work Project we undertook in the months of Julyand September 2014. Many structures were identified as a result of field work. We have gathered many data in this field work that will be presented with an assessment over all. In this context, we will study Ottoman Monuments previously listed as an inventory work by the Macedonian State Ministry of Culture in 1991. In this Project we verified the list of Ottoman structures in Macedonia taken from the Macedonian State Ministry of Culture. Also we found recently identified Ottoman structures which are not in this list. Also the structures in this list which are in existentor repairs performed will be discussed. Emergency repairs, maintenances tageand their latest state of the structures will be examined. Ottoman monuments that stil preserve the original characteristics of these structures will be highlighted. Ottoman structures that we have identified will be informed with their over all architectural features.

The history of humankind has events that have left deep traces in time. The Second World War is one of the most tragic events known to humanity. During this war, occurred the terrifying Holocaust project, which ended with the elimination of six million innocent  Jews. This happened only because of their religion or their ethnicity. Thus, this crime is one of the darkest marks, not only from WWII,  but also in the entire history of mankind. It has remained in oure memory as the “guilty conscience“ of a whole generation of people, that contributed , allowed or took part directly in this tragedy. From today’s perspective, we would never believe, that six million  Jews would be wiped off the face of the earth in only a few years. Nevertheless, this happened, and it has remained in the annals of history as one of the most terrifying events against humanity. In that difficult period, those who had the slightest chance of sur-viving had to look for possibilities on finding an alternative path. This would not have be achieved, without the help of the courageous and humane people that in difficult moments sacrificed themselves for saving the life of others. Those were not simple acts. Those were critical times, where shrewdness, civic courage, real and concrete humanism was more than necessary.

On July 26, 1963, at 5:17 am, city of Skopje was hit by a strong earthquake.

The earthquake destroyed 80% of the city and turned it into rubble in a matter of seconds. Broken Skopje received generous help. A few weeks after the earthquake, the Polish authorities expressed a willingness to help Skopje, which, like Warsaw, although in other circumstances, has been almost completely destroyed. Manager of the UN Skopje Urban Plan Project title was given to Adolf Ciborowski, the main architect and urban planner working on the post-war reconstruction of Warsaw and Stanisław Jankowski “Agaton” as the manager to the engineers of the official Polish construction agency Polservice.

The example of Skopje is the beginning of the development of the Polservice method, which later is applied to other cities affected by natural catastrophes. All those observations proved the intuitive steps implemented during the planning process in Skopje and became a new branch of knowledge (science) on how to use the means of physical planning to reduce the fragility of the city and how to create an ecological system that built man for man, into a formal human settlement with all its social, economic and political processes.

ABSTRACT
Skopje fell under domination of Ottoman Empire in 1392. Being under domination of Ottoman Empire for nearly over five years, the city left the Ottoman territory with the treaty of Bucharest signed on 10th of August in 1913 after Balkan Wars. One of the most important institutions that enabled Ottoman to be permanent in Skopje is vaqf. From the first Ottoman domination in Skopje till last years foundations were established. These vaqfs were sometimes established by Ottoman Sultan and sometimes by people belong to military class. In the city and rural areas dependent on city primarily with the aim of praying mosques and prayers and some different structures like inns, baths, schools, madrasahs, lodge and zaves etc. were built. In this study, foundations established in Skopje during Ottoman Empire have been examined. Within the vaqfs in Skopje society’s many primarily religious, economic and social needs have been met. Vaqfs have had very important permanent effects on the city. The most apparent samples of these are primarily the mosque of Sultan II. Murad which is the oldest vaqf work in Skopje and other vaqf works which are still standing. These works which architecturally have an important place are the most important historical heritage of Skopje city.

"The present work focuses on the underlying seminal causes of the Annihilation of Jewish Greeks in Bulgarian occupied Northern Greece, along with the Annihilation of their brethren in Skopje, Bitola, Štip and Pirot, also occupied by Bulgaria, as well as with the Annihilation of Jewish Greeks from Thessaloniki and surroundings and the cities of Soufli, Didimoteixo, Nea Orestiada of Thrace occupied by the Germans 70 years ago. A definition of the Holocaust is given that broadens the term beyond its peak point that of the actual assassination of Jews by the Germans and
some of their allies. The definition includes all past historical events and practices that fermented the path to destruction of the European and North African Jewry during the World War II as well as the now and current state practices. Starting milestones are the Preliminary Peace Treaty at San Stefano and the Peace Treaty at Berlin both of the year 1878. The root causes of the complicity of the Bulgarian governments of the time in the deportation of the Jewish inhabitants of the “New” Bulgarian territories are analyzed and, given the documentary evidence presented, conclusions are reached. Also, the nation states that were created in the wake of the First World War and the ensuing Peace Treaties are shown to be fraught with all those ingredients that fertilize the national psyche to accept as legitimate racist and exclusive policies. The distinction of Racial Anti–Semitism versus the millennia old Religious one is emphasized. Finally, all of the above lead to the inexorable conclusion that the Jewish citizens of the Balkans, given their centuries of epitomizing, with their predicament and sufferings, what was wrong in our region and Europe in matters of civil rights and other liberties, are the de facto bridge to friendship and understanding amongst our neighborly states"

On July 26, 1963, a calamitous tremor struck Skopje, the capital of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, the southernmost Yugoslav federal unit. The politically nonaligned Yugoslav government immediately issued a call for help for its third-largest city. The call was initially picked up by the Yugoslav republics, who were then followed by more than 80 states across the globe and a high number of international organizations, all providing help to Skopje and Skopjans in the aftermath of the catastrophe—an episode of human solidarity many contemporaries described as unprecedented. This paper aims to provide an overview of commemorative activities held in Skopje from 1964 to 2020 related to the 1963 Skopje earthquake. I aim to reconstruct both the commemorative events and commemorative narratives about the 1963 Skopje earthquake in Skopje as well as its major memory agents and agencies by triangulating archival materials, media and institutional discourses, and secondary literature. I identify and discuss three commemorative phases, 1963–81, 1981–2000, and 2001–20, and I structure the argument on the multidirectionality of the notion of solidarity in the public domain.

In the past decade, so-called " hybrid regimes "-authoritarian regimes in the guise of democracy-have emerged in Europe. Similar to the authoritarian or totalitarian regimes of 20 th century Europe, the association between urban design and politics is evident in the capital cities of hybrid regimes. This article recounts the stories of the recently proposed and/or completed redevelopment projects in the centers of Istanbul (Turkey), Skopje (Macedonia), and Tirana (Albania). In all three capitals the interventions have been rather contentious, and in the case of Turkey and Macedonia have produced violent protests. The author has collected and presented the stories of the users of these three city centers and their reactions to these spaces before and after redevelopment. Users' narratives bring to light elements of the situations and the involved characters that have so far been implicit. Conceptualizing urban planning through storytelling is meant to bring an element of Balkan magic realism into this field, which historically has been dominated by theories produced in the Anglosphere.

The complex systems of the cities prove that in the urban discourse, knowledge is inseparable from action. As the city of Skopje struggles to obtain a certain level of social sustainability, the battle of functionalism within its patterns begins to deteriorate. The phenomenon of the recent events in the urbanization of Skopje, which my paper refers to, generates a different opinion in studying urban design. Today Skopje represents on one hand a training ground for future urban planners, and on the other a museum of the Metabolist's skeletons frozen in time and neglected by its owner. The political issues that turned the general situation around from the beginnings of the '80 were an unpredicted future to the developed scenario of the United Nations and the invited competition of the superstars in 1965. It has come to a turning point that created some kind of socio-urban amnesia that still dwells deep into the social sub consciousness. The quest for knowledge in the past decades has turned to be a total failure. New histories have been trying to rewrite the factual city and as a result many non-places started squatting around. The latent information within the physical matrix of the urb is holding quiescent knowledge about certain evolutional pathways of a city and its hidden political agendas. Identifying and uncovering this information is crucial at this point in time. The city's urban tissue is at stake and as it is might lead to an irreparable delusional future.

This article analyses Macedonia's Colourful Revolution and elections of 2016 against the background of the criticism and protests directed against the Skopje 2014 Project. It also provides a photographic reportage of Skopje 2014 during the political turmoil from July 2016. It examines the main grounds for resistance and opposition to Nikola Gruevski's VMRO-DPMNE government by further investigating the controversies surrounding Skopje 2014. Those controversies are manifold but stem mainly from the project's tremendous cost and corruption, its controversial rewriting of history and its exclusion of Albanians and other minorities. Finally, the article argues that the Colourful Revolution has until now failed to overturn or decisively upset Macedonia's politics or political system, as is evident from election results there. However, it has borne fruit in one respect in that two Albanian MPs have been included in the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), a tentative step towards overcoming the ethnic deadlock of Macedonian politics. Paul Reef studies History at Radboud University in Nijmegen and has been conducting research on Macedonian monument culture in its Faculty of Arts' Honours Programme.

Bütün milletlerin kültürlerinde mutfak ve yiyecek kültürü ve bu kültüre bağlı uygulamalar, çeşitli inançlar önem taşımaktadır. Göçebe hayatı terk eden Türkler Orta Asya'dan Anadolu'ya ve Balkanlar'a geliş serüveni içerisinde Orta Asya mutfak kültürünü

Amacım, 2012 yılında İnterrail uygulaması ile 2 kişi olarak yola tren ve otobüs kullanarak yola çıktığım yurtdışı deneyimimi, yurtdışı tecrübesi olmayan veya bilgisine bilgi katmayı hedefleyen kişiler için yazdım...

Umarım keyifli bir yazı olur.Roman tadını kaçırmadan akademiye de fazla yer vermeden teknik bilgilerinde olduğu güzel bir yazı olduğunu düşünüyorum.

Yorum ve eleştirilere açığım.

Barış Can Üçbaş
barisucbas@gmail.com

The year 2015 was set to be a milestone for sustainability as governments were called upon to adopt the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The new agenda is transformative, people-centered and with bold and ambitious targets. The proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which build and expand on the expiring Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), comprised 17 goals and 169 targets and will frame the global development agenda for the coming years (UNWTO, 2020). Purpose of this study is to create and explore direct links between tourism and SDGs. In order to concretize these titles, it is planned to introduce a new approach with the tourism guidance style that includes the social and cultural issues proposed to be made in Skopje and Tetovo cities of North Macedonia. Therefore, author of this paper uses descriptive method and study visits in order to reach results. If this step is successful, it will be possible to perform similar tours in different parts of the world. Apart from the short historical information, the situation of these cities especially on SDG and tourism titles and prospective works in the coming years will be embodied. Regarding these issues, tourist guides should be SDG-trained and they should fully internalize all the assets that their cities have. In fact, it is planned to create bridge between cultural or natural values by associating them with sustainability and then to provide more multi-layer information about the city where the guests are joining the discussion processes from different perspectives. As a result, existing static information will become more active in the center of sustainability. For realization, all local stakeholders need to come up with solutions together. In this paper, a special project will be also proposed for entrepreneurship education which needs to receive financial support from different sources.

Με τίτλο: <<ΣΚΟΠΙΑΝΟ – Η ΥΠΟΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΧΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΣΚΟΠΙΩΝ ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΜΙΑ ΔΙΑΒΑΛΚΑΝΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΗ>>, κυκλοφόρησε το νέο του βιβλίο ο συγγραφέας καθ. δρ. Αλέξιος Π.Παναγόπουλος, που διατίθεται από τις εκδόσεις Σταμούλη Α.Ε., Αβέρωφ 2, Αθήνα. Εδώ παρουσιάζει το πάντα επίκαιρο ζήτημα που παρά τις έντονες αντιδράσεις του Ορθόδοξου Σερβικού Πατριαρχείου του Βελιγραδίου και παρά την καθολική άρνηση όλων των Ορθοδόξων Εκκλησιών μετά από την άτοπη παρέμβαση του αθεϊστικού κόμματος ιδρύθηκε το 1958, η φερόμενη ως " Η Αυτοκέφαλη Μακεδονική Εκκλησία " με έδρα τα Σκόπια[1]. Η ως άνω ψεύδο «Μακεδονική Εκκλησία» ιδρύθηκε ως διαφαίνεται και από την ιστορική της πορεία όλων των ετών αυτων με συγκεκριμένο σκοπό και στόχο, στο να στηρίξει πολιτικές και φυλετικές απαιτήσεις του νέου σλαβο/μακεδονικού κράτους και μάλλον όχι τις εκκλησιαστικές ανάγκες ή τα κοινωνικά προβλήματα που ζητούσαν τη λύση τους. Οι σχισματικοί επίσκοποι αγνόησαν συστηματικά τις βασικές αρχές της Ορθοδόξου Εκκλησιολογίας, δηλ. ότι η δημιουργία μιας νέας Αυτοκεφάλου Εκκλησίας δεν

Mirjana Lozanovska is Associate Professor at Deakin University. Her work investigates the creative ways that architecture mediates human dignity and identity through multidisciplinary theories of space, and it examines migration/mobility and the reinvention of the city. Her books include Migrant Housing: Architecture, Dwelling, Migration (2019) and Ethno-Architecture and the Politics of Migration (2016). She has published widely on Kenzo Tange’s masterplan for Skopje, including “Cold War Collaboration: Urbanism in the UN-Yugoslavian project for the reconstruction of Skopje after the 1963 earthquake,” Planning Perspectives, (2017, with I. Martek). A chapter on the role of Mimoza Nestorova-Tomić in this reconstruction project, in Ideological equality (eds. Pepchinski and Simon) extends interpretation about the role of women. Mirjana is co-editor of the major architectural history journal Fabrications: JSAHANZ. Mirjana leads the #Vacant Geelong project with a collaborative architecture-art team (Cameron Bishop, David Beynon, Anne Scott Wilson, Akari Nakai-Kidd; with Diego Fullaondo 2015-2018, Ciro Marquez 2017-2018). VacantGeelong connects architecture with art and industry to go beyond the usual pragmatic utilisation of ex-industrial sites through engagement of the cultural and social memories of the vibrant communities these vacant sites embody. Its creative and research works (since 2015) have been awarded funding from Arts Victoria, CoGG and National Wool Museum.