Tour Guiding

Öz Turist Rehberliği Meslek Yönetmeliği, Madde 14'e istinaden üniversitelerin turizm rehberliği bölümlerinden mezun olan ya da mezun olacak rehber adayları ile ruhsatnamelerine yeni bölge ekletmek isteyen rehberler için Bakanlığın gözetimi ve denetimi altında yapılan yurtiçi uygulama gezilerine katılım zorunludur. Bu eğitim gezisi, rehber adayları için tarihi ve turistik alanları tanımak ve bilgi sahibi olmak açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda gezilerin planlanması ve yönetimi aşamaları önem arz etmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada turist rehberi adaylarının rehber olmadan önce çıktıkları uygulama gezisine yönelik beklentileri, geziden ne tür deneyimler elde ettikleri ve bu deneyimleri nasıl değerlendirdiklerinin keşfedilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Amaç kapsamında araştırmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı tercih edilmiştir. Söz konusu uygulama gezisi fenomenine yönelik rehber adaylarının yaşadıkları deneyimler betimleneceği için araştırma fenomenolojik (olgu bilimsel) desende gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma deseni mülakat yapmayı gerektirdiği için keşfedici/yorumlayıcı paradigma kapsamında veri elde edebilmek amacıyla 2019 yılında eğitim gezisine katılan 15 rehber adayı ile derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen verilerin betimleyici analiz sonuçları araştırma soruları çerçevesinde; katılımcıların beklentileri, tura yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz fikirleri ve bu bağlamda gelecek turların geliştirilmesi için yapılabilecek değişikliklere yönelik önerileri olmak üzere dört başlık altında toplanmış, fiyat, konaklama, tur programı, bilgilendirme, tur rotası, öğrenci konu anlatımları, tur katılımcıları ve tur organizasyonu ile ilgili sorunlar tespit edilerek, eğitim gezisi planlaması, genel rehberlik eğitimi ile ilgili katılımcılardan gelen öneriler araştırmacılar tarafından yordanmıştır.

Tourist product is composed of an amalgam of services and products that are brought together to create an overall tourist experience. This multi-service product, by definition, includes a trip away and an overnight at the destination, and can either be created by the tourists themselves or by a tour operator. Travel trade is an important sector of the tourism industry responsible for packaging travel services and offering them to potential travelers. They also have an important role in commercialization of tourist products and destination development. Tour packages are usually cheaper, safer and more convenient for tourists. Hence, travel firms create the link between tourist products at the destination and the travelers. Tour operators even create and brand destinations. They take various risks and invest in the destination product ahead of the sales, hence they are an important stakeholder for tourism destination development. Despite there being extensive literature on transportation, accommodation, restaurants, attractions and events; the tour operators, their place in tourism system and their operations are neglected in education and research.
This book addresses this gap both in theory and practice. The first chapter discusses the nature of the tourism industry and tourism supply. Tourism resources, tourism types, tourist services and organizations are also explored in this section. The second chapter focuses on the tourist product, features of tourism as a service, standardization and distribution of tourism products. This chapter also introduces travel firms as both producers and intermediaries of tourism products and services. The third chapter focuses on the travel industry, defining travel agencies and tour operators. Differences between the two and different types of each are also detailed in this section. This book also recognizes tour guides as an important part of the tourism industry and a significant partner to travel firms. Tour guides, their roles, certification and their relationships with tour operators are examined in chapter four. Tourism education, its significance, characteristics and challenges are provided in chapter five. Chapter six delves into tour operation, its management and stages. The importance of tour operators for destination development, sustainability, branding and competition and their relationships with other stakeholders are examined in this chapter. Chapter six also explores ICT information and communication technology tools in tour operation, disintermediation and online travel agencies. This book is designed as a comprehensive destination management book as well. Hence the second part of the book delves into multinational tourism organizations, tourism types and offers case destinations for further discussion. The seventh chapter focuses on multinational corporations that invest in travel trade, including financial institutions. Vertical and horizontal integration in the industry and different types of investors are also examined in this chapter. Business travel and MICE tourism are discussed in chapter eight and nine. Their characteristics, types, operation, destination and choice factors are examined supported with sample itineraries, promotion kits and SWOT analysis. Faith tourism is another tourism type, explored in chapter ten. Istanbul and Anatolia as faith tourism destinations and their relationship with tourism are explored from the perspective of different stakeholders. Chapter eleven delves into culture tourism, which is another significant tourist segment for tour operators. Culture tourism is explored from the perspective of Istanbul and its cultural resources. This book, in chapter twelve, also makes a comparison between two popular destinations in Turkey: Antalya, the major leisure destination and Istanbul, the center for business travel and cultural tourism. The book finally concludes with an epilogue discussing the geopolitical dimensions of tourism and tourist flows.
As both authors are scholars with hands on experience in tour operation, who integrated theory with practice within the book and provided real life examples, illustrations and itineraries. It is very much hoped that the content will provide both theoretical and practical contributions and will be a useful resource for tour operator education and training.

This paper investigates how slums are made into a tourism attraction. We focus in particular on the role of tour guides and tour guiding operations in this process. In tourism literature in general tour guiding has been subject to much reflection and debate. However, tour guides’ role in enabling tourism in new places, in the making of attractions has not been discussed much. Also, in the emerging research on slum tourism little attention has been given to tour guides and their roles. This paper addresses both research gaps in providing insights into tour guiding in slum tourism, and by addressing the roles of tour guides in attraction-making through a comparative analysis of tourism in two slums, Dharavi, in Mumbai, India, and Kibera, in Nairobi, Kenya. Based on empirical research of tour guiding operations we found that different levels of formality in tour guiding co-exist across destinations. Formal tour guiding operations are more successful in establishing a slum as an attraction as they enable significant growth in tourist numbers. However, formal tour guiding operations and strong international participation in their foundation are factors that seem to undermine to some extent the creation of intimate and authentic encounters in tour guiding, preferred by some tourists. This leaves space for more informal tour guiding, with strong local ties, which are better placed to produce intimate experiences.

Ecotourism is based on three main concepts: conservation and protection of the environment, supporting local cultures and economies and environmental education for both locals tourists and all stakeholders. Traditionally, tour guiding is one of the most effecting part of tourism industry. They are the mentor and leader of the tourist group who raise ecotourism consciousness and awareness. For this reason; the formal tour guiding education is an important issue in ecotourism. This paper investigated the ecotourism courses and their scope teaching at the department of tour guiding in Turkey. Within this scope, tour guiding curriculum in Turkish education system was determined and also the existence and prevalence of ecotourism were examined considering the Turkish tourism education. Ecotourism concept in structured education is available in different definitions and terms. Besides; it is important to have a broader perspective for tourism guidance students as they build environmentally oriented education that includes sensitive issues such as environmental ethics and environmentalist attitudes. Turizm Rehberliğinde Ekoturizm Bilincinin Önemi Özet Ekoturizm üç temel konsepte dayanmaktadır. Bunlar; doğanın korunması, Yerel kültürleri ve ekonomileri desteklemek ve gerek yerel halkın gerekse turistlerin ve tüm paydaşların çevreye yönelik eğitilmesidir. Turist rehberliğinin turizm endüstrisinin en etkili unsurlarından biri olduğu bilinmektedir. Rehberler; turistlere ekoturizm bilinci ve farkındalığının aşılamak adına grubun lideri ve kılavuzudur. Bu sebeple; turizm rehberliği eğitimi ekoturizm kavramı için önemli bir husustur. Araştırmada Türkiye'de bulunan turizm rehberliği eğitimi veren kurumlardaki ekoturizm dersleri ve içerikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda; öncelikle turizm rehberliği eğitimi veren kurumların müfredatları belirlenmiş, müfredatlarda ekoturizm kavramının varlığı ve yaygınlığı Türk eğitim sistemi göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; örgün eğitimde ekoturizm kavramı farklı tanımlamalar, isimlerlendirmelerle de olsa mevcuttur. Diğer bir sonuç da; turizm rehberliği öğrencilerinin çevresel etik ve çevreci tutum gibi hassas konuları içeren çevreye yönelik eğitimi inşaa etmelerinden dolayı daha geniş bir bakış açısına sahip olmaları gerektiği ve bu sebeple ekoturizmin turizm rehberliği öğrencileri için oldukça önemli olmasıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekoturizm, Ekoturizm bilinci, turist rehberleri, tur rehberliği, turist rehberliği eğitimi.

This paper examines the ways in which guides contribute to creating value to clients. The context is nature-based adventure tourism in the specific mediums of mountain bike and backcountry ski tours in Utah and Idaho, USA. Qualitative interviews of clients and guides combined with participant observations are used to explore how guides interact with clients to increase their perceived value. Important findings are related to how guides use their knowledge about the activity, the area, safety management, as well as their organizational skills, to effectively and conveniently facilitate fun experiences with minimum risk exposure. The paper also documents guides’ contributions related to learning, relational aspects, entertainment techniques, and providing information about environmentally friendly behavior. An important theoretical contribution is the identification of how guides carefully balance thrilling and safe experiences and avoid experiences that cause anxiety. The study documents how guides can contribute to prevent negative incidents like conflicts within the client group, or possible accidents. The study indicates that there is a potential for increased contributions from guides especially related to choreographing experiences, interpreting nature, and learning of behaving environmentally.

TÜRKİYE’DE TURİST REHBERLİĞİ EĞİTİMİ VEREN EĞİTİM
KURUMLARINA YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Nazım ÇOKİŞLER
Yrd. Doç. Dr., İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Turizm Fakültesi
cokisler@hotmail.com
Zafer ÖTER
Doç. Dr., İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Turizm Fakültesi
oter@hotmail.com

MÜZİKAL ETKİNLİKLERİN KISITLANAN KÜLTÜR TURİZMİNİ
GELİŞTİRMEK İÇİN KULLANIMI: BODRUM ÖRNEĞİ
Cem YALÇIN
Bodrum Halk Eğitim Merkezi
cem_ylcin@hotmail.com
Zafer ÖTER
Doç. Dr., İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Turizm Fakültesi
oter@hotmail.com
Serkan ÇELİK
Yrd. Doç. Dr., İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi, Turizm Fakültesi
scelik55@gmail.com

Since the Brutland Report was written in 1987; There has been much concern and become an crucial aim that pratitioners of development struggle to meet. There are some difficulties to reach them. One of them is preseving the environment of today for next generations while also permitting for economic development to happen. The solution to this problem took place in 1980s; ecotourism that was based on traveling and learning about other cultures, environments, traditions while also assisting with that area's economic development through the Money paid for these experiences without harming. Ecotourism can be defined as involves travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific object of studying, admiring, and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects (Weaver, 2005, 19). Another explation is travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be directly benefits the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, and fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights low impact and (often) small scale. It helps educate the traveler, provides funds for conservation (Honey, 2008: 33). According to Fennell; Ecotourism is a sustainable, non-invasive form of nature-based tourism that focuses primarily on learning about nature first-hand, and which is ethically managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally oriented (control, benefits, and scale). It typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the conservation of such areas (Fennell 2007: 2). Both are good definitions and there is commonality in that they both believe that ecotourism should involve natural areas, a local focus, learning on the part of the tourist, and conservation. We can assume from these explanations that ecotourism is strongly linked with educational learning, especially from tourism practitioners from waiter, maid to tour guide and general manager in travel or hotel management. Eco-tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world today. It is a form of natural resources based tourism focused on experiencing and learning about nature. The term ecotourism can be well described with the following five criteria: nature conservation, low impact, sustainability, meaningful community involvement, and environmental education. 4th EUROPEAN ECOTOURISM CONFERENCE

Özet Turist rehberliği mesleği turizm sektörü içerisinde stratejik öneme sahip bir meslektir. Turistlere ülke tanıtımında, onların önyargılarının yıkılmasında, ülke hakkında izlenimin oluşturulmasında öncü rolü oynayan turizm çalışanlarından biridir. Bu doğrultuda hazırlanan çalışmanın amacı turist rehberlerinin meslek etiği algısını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Anket uygulaması 1 Ocak-31 Mart 2015 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma evrenini Türkiye'deki Turist Rehberleri Birliği'ne kayıtlı turist rehberleri oluşturmaktadır. Rehberlerin meslek etiği algısını tek faktörde algıladıkları bulgulanmıştır. Araştırmada turist rehberlerinin meslek etiği algısının mesleki eğitim aldıkları kurumlara göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Abstract The profession of tour guide has a strategic significance in tourism sector. Tour guide is one of the tourism actors who plays a pioneer role on eliminating the prejudices of tourists, introducing the country and forming the impressions of tourists about the country. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of tour guides about business ethics. Quastionnaire was conducted between dates of 1 January-31 March 2015. Tour guides who are the members of Associations of Tour Guides in Turkey form the research population. However, the tour guides perceptions about business ethics collected in one factor (dimension). It has been determined that tour guides perceptions about business ethic differ significantly according to their institution of vocational education they had.

Abstract: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was established in 1945. The purpose of UNESCO; to provide protection of cultural and natural areas with universal value. As a result of this purpose, the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was signed in Paris in 1972. Turkey, located in the UNESCO's activities since the first day of establishment is also located within the first ten founding countries. Çanakkale was established in 1462 as a village around Çimenlik Castle and then expanded with the establishment of Fatih Mosque and Cami-i Kebir neighborhood. The development of the city has become multicultural with the establishment of the Çay, the Greek, the Armenian and the Jewish neighborhoods. Çanakkale, which showed a certain development in the way of becoming a city until the 18th century, started to become a port city and enriched with the intensification of economic activity in the straits.  Strait trade and the role it played as a port city caused commercial attachments and honorary consulates to come to the city.
The main purpose of the study is to provide the promotion and protection of buildings and artifacts located in the city center of Çanakkale by creating a walking route, to convey the historical city texture of Çanakkale to the incoming tourists accurately and in detail. Thus, in addition to promoting Çanakkale better, tourists will be provided with income from the bazaar shopkeepers and will contribute to the culture of the city to ensure the sustainability of the ancient city culture. This study, which is important for ensuring the participation of tourism stakeholders and providing education and information on the cultural route, is also important for the use of today's technologies (digital panels, QR codes, Web sites, social media, etc.) in the field of tourism. Secondary data were used in the research. Qualitative research method was used as a method in the research. In the research, observation and document analysis, one of the qualitative data collection techniques, were used. In the observation method, in the natural environments where the behavior takes place, participant observation is made with the participation of the researcher. The researcher tries to be a part of the culture here. In accordance with the method, the physical and technological infrastructure and facilities that can be used have been tried to be observed by observing the routes and historical-cultural structures for five months between 01.01.2020-01.06.2020 in Çanakkale city center. Later, these photographs and notes were analyzed and classified. The route, which includes 34 stops in the Barbaros, Cevat Pasha, Namık Kemal, Fevzi Pasha, Kemal Pasa, Ismet Pasa and Esenler districts, is divided into 3 tracks according to the difficulty level. As a result, three different urban culture route suggestions, which are coded as green (3km), blue (5km) and red (9km), are planned in terms of difficulty and tour route. The routes are expected to be adopted by the governorate, municipality and tourism stakeholders.