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In February 1981, shortly after the Obote two government took office, with Paulo Muwanga as vice president and minister of defense, a former Military Commission member, Yoweri Museveni, and his armed supporters declared themselves the... more
In February 1981, shortly after the Obote two government took office, with Paulo Muwanga as vice president and minister of defense, a former Military Commission member, Yoweri Museveni, and his armed supporters declared themselves the National Resistance Army (NRA). Museveni vowed to overthrow Obote by means of a popular rebellion, and what became known as "the war in the bush" began. Several other underground groups also emerged to attempt to sabotage the new regime, but they were eventually crushed.
Museveni, who had guerrilla war experience with the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Libertaçâo de Moçambique--Frelimo), campaigned in rural areas hostile to Obote’s government, especially central and western Buganda and the western regions of Ankole and Bunyoro.
From the beginning of March 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, together commonly called the "Donbass", in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution... more
From the beginning of March 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, together commonly called the "Donbass", in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the Euromaidan movement
The Genocide When on 6 April 1994, an airplane carrying Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down on its descent into Kigali hardliners and Hutu extremists of the interim government led by Théoneste Bagosora... more
The Genocide

When on 6 April 1994, an airplane carrying Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down on its descent into Kigali hardliners and Hutu extremists of the interim government led by Théoneste Bagosora effectively took power
The Federal Act will form the framework and infrastructure for implementation of cetral government programmes in Uganda, especially at the Federal State level. The act will be anchored on principles of Devolution of Power, Subsidiarity,... more
The Federal Act will form the framework and infrastructure for implementation of cetral government programmes in Uganda, especially at the Federal State level.  The act will be anchored on principles of Devolution of Power, Subsidiarity, Popular and Inclusive Participation, Partnership, Non-subordination and Vertical and Down-ward Accountability; all of which are essential ingredients of Federalism in Uganda. Federalism will also be anchored in Uganda’s legal framework and be recognized by development partners as the primary vehicle for promoting democracy, enhancing service provision and prosperity for all. Implementation of this act will be a major pre-occupation by the Central Government of Uganda.
This paper presents some of the evidence that underlies the recent change in perceptions on Uganda's development and I discuss some of the key challenges facing the country going forward. It intends to generate a debate on natural... more
This paper presents some of the evidence that underlies the recent change in perceptions on Uganda's development and I discuss some of the key challenges facing the country going forward. It intends to generate a debate on natural resource management in Uganda, and make the paper a common point of reference for the Organization's analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing other East African States as well.

Uganda in early stages of development would require investment in projects with high social returns. Uganda to the middle income stages of development has to diversify her investment into infrastructure to improve the economic productivity, enhancement to the social protection schemes and a relatively small share for a “future generations” fund.
How have debates about African Federalism & institutionbuilding changed over the years, and what are the lessons we could derive from historical experiences? This essay briefly considers these issues as it reflects on efforts to govern... more
How have debates about African Federalism & institutionbuilding changed over the years, and what are the lessons we could derive from historical experiences? This essay briefly considers these issues as it reflects on efforts to govern Federalism in Africa".
The West's aim was not merely to back Kiev in its effort to suppress Donbass. The main aim was to turn Ukraine into a springboard for NATO attack on Russia.
President Putin has decided to sell gas only for rubles. This is the strongest blow to the dollar. Sow the wind, reap the whirlwind!
Serbia and Hungary refused to join sanctions. Bulgaria and Hungary have not allowed weapons sent to Ukraine to pass via their territories. Trade unions of a number of countries have prevented the supply of weapons to the combat zone
After Russian army entered Ukraine it was discovered that nearly 30 US-sponsored biological laboratories operated on its territory. They were doing research into deadly diseases including Covid-19 and the ways to spread them
Mr. Putin is in terms of his motivations, what drives him to act as he does? Rather than present or chronicle of events in which Putin played a role I concentrate on events that shaped him. A look at formative experiences of Putin’s... more
Mr. Putin is in terms of his motivations, what drives him to act as he does? Rather than present or chronicle of events in which Putin played a role I concentrate on events that shaped him. A look at formative experiences of Putin’s past... and where he does l examine his actions. My focus is on the circumstances in which he acted the way he did towards Ukraine in 2022.
Baptized as an Anglican Christian in the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in his childhood, Raila Odinga later became a Born-Again Christian and is a communicant member of All Saints' Cathedral in Nairobi. On 10 Dec 2021, Mr. Odinga... more
Baptized as an Anglican Christian in the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in his childhood, Raila Odinga later became a Born-Again Christian and is a communicant member of All Saints' Cathedral in Nairobi.

On 10 Dec 2021, Mr. Odinga announced that he will be eyeing a fifth stab at the presidency, putting an end to months of suspense after his surprise truce with President Kenyatta. His announcement was made while launching the Azimio La Umoja Convention - which would be his vehicle to State House held at the Kasarani Stadium, Nairobi.
A Unipolar World Is ‘Ruinous’ for All Today we can see the virtually unrestrained, overblown use of force in international affairs—of military force, force that is plunging the world into an abyss of conflicts, following one after... more
A Unipolar World Is ‘Ruinous’ for All

Today we can see the virtually unrestrained, overblown use of force in international affairs—of military force, force that is plunging the world into an abyss of conflicts, following one after another. As a result, there is not sufficient strength to achieve a comprehensive settlement of any one of these conflicts. And it is becoming impossible to settle them politically. We see greater and greater disdain for the fundamental principles of international law. More than that: certain practices, or, essentially, virtually the entire system of law of one country, above all, of course, of the United States, has overstepped its national borders in all areas: the economy, politics, and cultural and educational affairs, and it is being imposed on other countries. Well, who is happy about that?

NATO Expansion and Russia’s Security

With respect to democracy and NATO expansion, NATO is not a universal organization, unlike the UN. It is, first and foremost, a military and political alliance, military and political! Well, ensuring one’s own security is the right of any sovereign state. We are not arguing against this. Of course we are not objecting to this. But why is it necessary to put military infrastructure on our borders during this expansion? Can someone answer this question? Unless the expansion of military infrastructure is connected with fighting against today’s global threats? Let’s put it this way, what is the most important of these threats for us today—the most important for Russia, for the U.S.A. and for Europe—it is terrorism and the fight against it. Does one need Russia to fight against terrorism? Of course! Does one need India to fight against terrorism! Of course! But we are not members of NATO, and other countries aren’t, either. But we can only work on this issue effectively by joining our forces. As such, expanding infrastructure, especially military infrastructure, to our borders is not connected in any way with the democratic choices of individual states. And I would ask that we not mix these two concepts.
In November 1953, the Protectorate Government of Uganda withdrew recognition of Mutesa II as native head of the Kingdom of Buganda. This status had been held by the Kabaka under the Buganda Agreement of 1900, following the establishment... more
In November 1953, the Protectorate Government of Uganda withdrew recognition of Mutesa II as native head of the Kingdom of Buganda. This status had been held by the Kabaka under the Buganda Agreement of 1900, following the establishment of a British Protectorate in 1894. The Agreement also provided for the withdrawal of recognition, as occurred in 1953, should the Kabaka no longer remain faithful to the protecting authority. Following the withdrawal of recognition of the Kabaka, he was deported to Britain. The court case, heard in 1954, tested various constitutional questions arising from this and subsequent actions and found in favour of the Protectorate Government. Because of the constitutional difficulties arising at this time, the Protectorate Government set up a Conference to consider the situation further. This took place in 1954 also, and was headed by Sir Keith Hancock (then Director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in London). The Conference made various recommendations regarding the future Constitution of Buganda. The implementation of the agreed recommendations of the Conference, and the outcome of the court case, ultimately led to the return of Mutesa II .. two years later as a Constitutional monarch.
Buganda was denied the privileges accorded to her by the 1962 constitution. On the night of 23rd May, 1966, it was declared that all persons in uniform not authorised to do so, should be arrested. On 24th May, 1966, the Ugandan army... more
Buganda was denied the privileges accorded to her by the 1962 constitution.

On the night of 23rd May, 1966, it was declared that all persons in uniform not authorised to do so, should be arrested. On 24th May, 1966, the Ugandan army led by Col. Idi Amin attacked the Kabaka’s palace at Mengo. After the battle, the Kabaka fled into UK passing through Burundi. The crisis was finally brought to an end by the invasion of the palace and the abolition of kingdoms. It was also brought to a halt by the passing of the Pensions Act which provided for the payment of  pensions of all former traditional rulers with the exception of Kabaka Muteesa II and provisions were made for the education of their children.
In commercial farming, primarily those crops which are in great demand are produced, i.e. the crops which are to be exported to other countries or which are used as raw material in industries. Further, the extent of commercialization of... more
In commercial farming, primarily those crops which are in great demand are produced, i.e. the crops which are to be exported to other countries or which are used as raw material in industries. Further, the extent of commercialization of farming differs from region to region.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSPECTORATE OF GOVERNMENT (IGG) Despite the creation of these public institutions to combat corruption in Uganda, the IGG is empowered as an independent anti-corruption agency with more powers of enforcing and... more
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSPECTORATE OF GOVERNMENT (IGG)

Despite the creation of these public institutions to combat corruption in Uganda, the IGG is empowered as an independent anti-corruption agency with more powers of enforcing and preventing corrupt practices. In addition, the Leadership Code which prohibits certain forms of conducts and requires leaders to declare their assets, income and liabilities was enacted and after the passing of the constitution in 1995. However corruption has become a major development issue not only for Uganda but the World at large. The Inspectorate of Government was constitutionally charged with the responsibility of enforcing it (Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995). This study seeks to answer core question by assessing the performance of the IG on its mandated function and also key could have either improved its effective enforcement measures or deterred the institution to effectively enforce the given mandates in its efforts of fighting public sector corruption in Uganda.
The legislature has a major role to play if the country is to achieve growth, employment and prosperity.  These roles are stated in the functions of Parliament under the 1995 Uganda Constitution.
Act to regulate the relation of the Land Lord and the Tenant: To reform and consolidate the law relating to the letting of premises
An Act to give effect to Chapter Eight of the Constitution relating to the Judiciary; to provide for the efficient and effective administration of the Judiciary; to establish the Judiciary Advisory Committee to advise the Chief Justice on... more
An Act to give effect to Chapter Eight of the Constitution relating
to the Judiciary; to provide for the efficient and effective
administration of the Judiciary; to establish the Judiciary
Advisory Committee to advise the Chief Justice on the
administration of justice and the courts; to establish a Judiciary
Service within the Judiciary; to strengthen the independence of
the Judiciary by streamlining the provision and management of
funds for the Judiciary and establishing structures within the
Judiciary to improve the performance of the Judiciary; to
provide for retirement benefits of judicial officers and for related
matters.
The vision for Uganda’s agricultural sector is a competitive, market-oriented sector that accommodates all farmer categories, focusing on commodity value chains in different agricultural zones” •The mission is to “transform subsistence... more
The vision for Uganda’s agricultural sector is a competitive, market-oriented sector that accommodates all farmer categories, focusing on commodity value chains in different
agricultural zones”
•The mission is to “transform subsistence farming to commercial agriculture guided by
sustainable commodity value chains”
Macroeconomic Impact study on AIDS in Uganda (2022) indicates that AIDS has a negative impact on the rate of economic growth in Uganda. HIV/AIDS raises the overall headcount poverty rate by 1.4 percentage points. The impact is greater in... more
Macroeconomic Impact study on AIDS in Uganda (2022) indicates that AIDS has a negative impact on the rate of economic growth in Uganda. HIV/AIDS raises the overall headcount poverty rate by 1.4 percentage points. The impact is greater in rural areas, where poverty rises by 1.6 percentage points compared to 0.9 percentage points in urban areas.

My HIV/AIDS presentation details the Monitoring and Evaluation matrix for HIV issues for different sectors (thematic areas) – refer to the details in the paper as mentioned above.
The African Union Vision and the seven aspirations emanate from extensive consultations from stakeholders, cutting across all spheres of the Africa people. With these aspirations, the African people reflect their desire for shared... more
The African Union Vision and the seven aspirations emanate from extensive consultations from stakeholders, cutting across all spheres of the Africa people. With these aspirations, the African people
reflect their desire for shared prosperity and well-being, for unity and integration, for a continent of free citizens and expanded horizons, where the full potential of women and youth, boys and girls are
realized, and with freedom from fear, disease and want.
The Vision of the African Union is to become an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in International arena.
NATIONAL FOCAL POINT ON SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS, MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS. According to the United Nations, small arms include revolvers, self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, sub-machine guns and light... more
NATIONAL FOCAL POINT ON SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS, MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS.

According to the United Nations, small arms include revolvers, self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, sub-machine guns and light machine-guns; meanwhile light weapons comprise: heavy machine-guns, grenade launchers, portable anti- aircraft guns, portable anti tanks guns, mortars of calibres of less than 100mm, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti- aircraft missile systems. Small arms and light weapons use ammunitions and explosives which incorporate: cartridges (rounds) for small arms, shells and missiles for light weapons, anti-personnel and anti-tank hand grenades, landmines, explosives, mobile containers with missiles or shells for single-action anti-aircraft and anti-tank systems
The Defense and Security Sector has over the years transitioned from a non-professional Security Sector to a more professional one, and has been able to deliver National Security by providing conducive environment for National... more
The Defense and Security Sector has over the years transitioned from a non-professional Security Sector to a more professional one, and has been able to deliver National Security by providing conducive environment for National Development. The transformation of Defense Sector, andic particular for the UPDF has been guided by the clear Strategic Political Vision which set pace for the Uganda Defense Reform Programmed (UDRP)
It’s a bottom-up approach to budgeting, aimed at moving national development planning to the grassroots. Article 176 of Uganda’s constitution provides for decentralisation “to ensure people’s participation and democratic control in... more
It’s a bottom-up approach to budgeting, aimed at moving national development planning to the grassroots. Article 176 of Uganda’s constitution provides for decentralisation “to ensure people’s participation and democratic control in decision making”. Uganda’s Local Government Act recognises two types of administrative units at sub-county level: parishes and villages. Uganda has a total of 10,694 parishes, each with a population size ranging from 450 to 30,000 people.

Under the parish development model, the government has recently set up structures and frameworks for planning, budgeting and delivery of public services. People at the parish level are to decide development priorities under the policies formulated at the national level.

The assumption is that by getting citizens at the lowest administrative levels to identify and assign resources for their own social needs, development can tilt in favour of the poor. The overall aim, according to the plan, is to deepen the decentralisation process, improve household incomes, and increase accountability at local levels.
First, the utilization of imagined or real differences between the United States and Europe as a foreign policy principle was abandoned. This principle had been a basic feature of Soviet foreign policy (“utilization of contradictions... more
First, the utilization of imagined or real differences between the United States and Europe as a foreign policy principle was abandoned. This principle had been a basic feature of Soviet foreign policy (“utilization of contradictions between the power centers of imperialism”) and, in essence, had been continued by Yeltsin after he had turned his back on Kozyrev’s Atlanticist approach. Russia’s “medium-term strategy” for the development of relations with the EU, a document that was handed by Putin in his then capacity as prime minister to the EU-“Troika“ in Helsinki in October 1999, still contained the traditional approach. Russia, it is stated there, welcomed the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) so as to limit “the United States and NATO and their dominance on the continent” and “to counterbalance NATO-centrism in Europe.”16 But even before the terrorist attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001, president Putin signaled a desire to improve Russian-American relations. The attacks gave him the opportunity to do so and in that context to abandon the policy of attempting to drive wedges between the United States and Europe inside and outside NATO.

In September 1995, NATO had conducted air strikes against Bosnian-Serb positions after the mortar shell explosions in the Sarajevo market the preceding month. Reinforcing the currents of pro-Serb, pan-Slav, and pan-orthodox agitation in Russia, Yeltsin went as far as accusing NATO of conducting a campaign of “genocide against the Serbs” and “conjuring up the flames of a new world war in Europe.”15 The diatribes, however, did not prevent Russia from endorsing the Dayton peace accords. Starting from 1996, it even actively helped in their implementation by participating in the NATO-led Implementateion (IFOR) and Stabilization Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and from 1999 in the Kosovo Force (KFOR). Russian peacekeepers deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina constituted the largest non-NATO contingent, and according to NATO as well as independent reports, served well alongside the allied counterparts
Ministry of Local Government by its mandate is positioned to contribute to Good Governance thematic area objectives of Democracy and political Governance, Economic and Corporate Governance and Public financial systems. The Uganda Local... more
Ministry of Local Government by its mandate is positioned to contribute to Good Governance thematic area objectives of Democracy and political Governance, Economic and Corporate Governance and Public financial systems. The Uganda Local Government set-up is based on the District as a unit under which there are Lower Local Governments and Administrative Units. An administrative variation exists for urban local governments where City/Municipal Councils and Divisions are designated to perform local government mandates. Every Local Government is governed by a council which is the highest political authority with legislative and executive powers
Uganda’s population grew from 6.5million in 1959 to 24.4million in 2002, and is currently 28.5 million at a growth rate of 3.9, 3.3 and 3.4 respectively. It is further projected to reach 54.8million by 2025 and 130 million by 2050 (UN... more
Uganda’s population grew from 6.5million in 1959 to 24.4million in 2002, and is currently 28.5 million at a growth rate of 3.9, 3.3 and 3.4 respectively. It is further projected to reach 54.8million by 2025 and 130 million by 2050 (UN 2002). The population of Uganda will continue to grow at a very high rate because of the already created momentum. The population density will also continue to increase. However, it is also projected that the total fertility rate will decline to 2.9 children per woman between 2045 and 2050; dependence ratios will also decline, while the proportion of the labour force (15-64) will increase, a fertility transition referred to as a demographic dividend, a bonus or a gift.
The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country. The identified opportunities include: oils and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant... more
The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country. The identified opportunities include: oils and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant labor force, geographical location and trade, water resources, industrialization, and agriculture among others that are to date considerably under-exploited. Achieving the transformational goal will thus depend on the country’s capacity to strengthen the fundamentals including: infrastructure(energy, transport, water, oil and gas, and ICT); Science, Technology, Engineering and Innovation (STEI); land use and management; urbanization; human resource; and peace, security and de-fence. Projections indicate that Uganda will graduate into a lower middle income country by 2017,
Over the past decade, the country registered progress in improving the health of the Ugandans as reflected in key health outcome indicators. These key outcome indicators include Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Under-five Mortality Rate (U5... more
Over the past decade, the country registered progress in improving the health of the Ugandans as reflected in key health outcome indicators. These key outcome indicators include Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Under-five Mortality Rate (U5 MR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), and chronic malnutrition (see Table 1). However these improvements fell short of the PEAP and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets of 354 and 60 for reducing MMR respectively (MFPED, 2004; UNDP (Uganda), 2007). In addition, at 6.7, Uganda’s TFR remains high.
Uganda’s presidential election was held January 14, 2021 preceded by weeks of government-sponsored violence. The arrest of opposition candidates, the kidnapping of party and campaign staff held at undisclosed military locations, the... more
Uganda’s presidential election was held January 14, 2021 preceded by weeks of government-sponsored violence. The arrest of opposition candidates, the kidnapping of party and campaign staff held at undisclosed military locations, the repeated arrest of opposition leader Robert Kyagulanyi (a/k/a/ Bobi Wine) in particular, the killing by the military of at least 54 protestors and bystanders between November 18-20, 2020 and the wounding and mutilation of hundreds, (children, in particular, were targeted as shown in this report). Such violence was accompanied by the arrest and detention of lawyers working for opposition candidates. Two days before the election, the military fanned out throughout Uganda’s towns and cities, giving rise to an atmosphere of terror and coercion that compelled many, perhaps most, voters to stay home. Extensive evidence of election tampering, pre-marking of ballots for General Museveni, ballot-stuffing, coercion of voters by the military, shutdown of all communications prior to the election, arrest of campaign staff and candidates, the lack of voter privacy, illegal casting of votes before voters arrived at polling stations, reports of 100%, 99% and 98% vote for Museveni at large numbers of polling sites, entire districts reporting 100% vote for Museveni.

It can easily be proven that Yoweri Museveni could not have won the elections with the percentages of 58.38% versus 35.08% for Robert  Kyagulanyi because the results announced by Electoral Commission include 409 polling stations with a 100% voter turnout
People Power Uganda Manifesto (Bobi Wine) A vote for the National Unity Platform is a vote for: * People-Centred Governance. * Equal Access to Quality Education and Health Services. * Inclusive Economic Development. * Land,... more
People Power Uganda Manifesto (Bobi Wine)

A vote for the National Unity Platform is a vote for:

* People-Centred Governance.
* Equal Access to Quality Education and Health Services.
* Inclusive Economic Development.
* Land, Natural Resources & Environmental Protection.
* National Security and International Relations.

Intensive Economic Development.

The National Unity Platform seeks to approach economic development by focusing on inclusiveness and integration with the ultimate aim of improving the well-being of citizens and sharing wealth equitably.

While the size of economy has doubled from Shs. 64 trillion in 2010/11 to Shs 128 trillion in 2018/19 poverty has risen by two points since 2018 and now twenty-one percent of the population are poor.

Regional inequality is stark, with poverty ranging from 6 percent to 60 percent.

Exports grew in the last ten years (from $3.83 billion to $ 5.3 billion in 2018). The area of tarmacked roads doubled. But in the same period, undernourishment shot up by 9.2 percentage points.

There must be a determined approach that deals with consistent bottlenecks including limited finances; inadequate infrastructure (particularly low energy for production and bad feeder roads); inadequate skills commensurate with manufacturing needs; unfair competition from low cost producer countries of poor-quality products.
The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country. The identified opportunities include: oils and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant... more
The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country. The identified opportunities include: oils and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant labor force, geographical location and trade, water resources, industrialization, and agriculture among others that are to date considerably under-exploited. Achieving the transformational goal will thus depend on the country’s capacity to strengthen the fundamentals including: infrastructure(energy, transport, water, oil and gas, and ICT); Science, Technology, Engineering and Innovation (STEI); land use and management; urbanization; human resource; and peace, security and de-fence. Projections indicate that Uganda will graduate into a lower middle income country by 2017,