Ilhami Colak
Nisantasi University, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty Member
Reactive power compensation is one of the practical tools that can be used to improve power systems and reduce costs. These benefits are achieved when the compensators are installed in a suitable place with optimal capacity. This study... more
Reactive power compensation is one of the practical tools that can be used to improve power systems and reduce costs. These benefits are achieved when the compensators are installed in a suitable place with optimal capacity. This study solves the issues of optimal supply and the purchase of reactive power in the IEEE 30-bus power system, especially when considering voltage stability and reducing total generation and operational costs, including generation costs, reserves, and the installation of reactive power control devices. The modified version of the artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm is proposed to solve optimization problems and its results are compared with the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results showed that the minimum losses in the power system requires further costs for reactive power compensation. Also, optimization results proved that the proposed MABC algorithm ...
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New energies, such as: wind, solar and biomass, have received support from states to ensure sustainability. An official study indicates that energy demand in Algeria is increasing by 2020. 2.7 will multiply the needs of the residential... more
New energies, such as: wind, solar and biomass, have received support from states to ensure sustainability. An official study indicates that energy demand in Algeria is increasing by 2020. 2.7 will multiply the needs of the residential sector, while the tertiary sector will increase its electricity consumption by 3.2, or 40% compared to consumption by 2030. This paper, present renewable energy study in Algeria. In addition, a 07 zone study in Algeria to show energy behavior and demand.
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Existing monitoring and control of an induction motor systems must be interoperable with next generation products to ensure smart integration in order to update existing system by reducing the cost and increasing the reliability. The best... more
Existing monitoring and control of an induction motor systems must be interoperable with next generation products to ensure smart integration in order to update existing system by reducing the cost and increasing the reliability. The best method must be chosen for efficient use of energy in some cases such as speed control, switching-on or switching-off, or in controlling the speed of induction motors, which make up a large part of the load group in industrial field. In this study, the controlling and monitoring of an induction motor parameters were carried out over a computer by using the Profibus (Process Field Bus) communication method through the TIA (Totally Integrated Automation) Portal program used to program all Siemens PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). The induction motor parameters were obtained over the frequency converter without using additional cards such as current, voltage, frequency and speed measurement. In this way, cables and electronic cards confusion were avoided and a safer, faster and more functional application was implemented compared to classical methods. KEPServerEx OPC (Ole-for Processing Control) Server program by OPC Foundation was preferred for the communication of computer with a PLC. Profi-Lab editor program was used for monitoring and controlling the system over a computer.
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Solar power penetration has made the site-specific energy ratings an essential necessity for utilities, independent systems operators and regional transmission organizations. Since, it leads to the reliable and efficient energy production... more
Solar power penetration has made the site-specific energy ratings an essential necessity for utilities, independent systems operators and regional transmission organizations. Since, it leads to the reliable and efficient energy production with the increased levels of solar power integration. This study concentrates on the partitional clustering analysis of monthly average insolation period data for the 75 provinces in Turkey. Together with the k-means clustering algorithm, we use Pearson Correlation, Cosine, Squared Euclidean and City-Block distance measures for the high-dimensional neighborhood measurement and utilize the silhouette width for validating the achieved clustering results. In consequence of comparing the star glyph plots with the k-means clustering results, the most productive and the most unfavorable places among all provinces are mined on the basis of monthly average insolation period.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the performance characteristics of the digital PID based two-compensator for the dc-dc converter. Authors have already presented a fast PD control method, which can reduce the influence of the delay... more
The purpose of this paper is to present the performance characteristics of the digital PID based two-compensator for the dc-dc converter. Authors have already presented a fast PD control method, which can reduce the influence of the delay time. In this paper, the transient characteristics of output voltage are confirmed in the simulation when the sampling frequency of the PID control is slowed down. As a result, the tendency of the transient characteristics of output voltage is revealed. Therefore, the slower sampling frequency of PID control can be applied to the dc-dc converter compared with the conventional PID control.
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An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that forecasts total power output under particular conditions of Ankara... more
An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that forecasts total power output under particular conditions of Ankara city. First PV cell parameters are determined and then PV array formed including cells designed in order to calculate cumulative effect. Using actual irradiation and temperature values we try to catch an approximation of output power for the future needs.
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The purpose of the International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP) 2016 is to bring together researchers, engineers, manufacturers, practitioners and customers from all over the world to share and discuss advances and... more
The purpose of the International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP) 2016 is to bring together researchers, engineers, manufacturers, practitioners and customers from all over the world to share and discuss advances and developments in smart grid research and applications.
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Smart grid can be defined as self-sufficient systems, which allows integration of any type and any scale generation sources to the grid that reduces the workforce targeting sustainable, reliable, safe and quality electricity to all... more
Smart grid can be defined as self-sufficient systems, which allows integration of any type and any scale generation sources to the grid that reduces the workforce targeting sustainable, reliable, safe and quality electricity to all consumers. Associations of initial studies for the next step in smart grid applications will provide an economical benefit for the authorities in the long term, and will help to establish standards to be compatible with every application. So that all smart grid applications can be coordinated under the control of same authorities. Even though these technological application studies constitute an initial step for the structure of the smart grid, they have not been fully accomplished in many countries. In this study, the introduction to smart grids is given as an overview.
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In this paper, we present a new quick response digital control dc-dc converter based on a dynamic unstable gain to improve transient response. In the proposed method, the proportional gain is set to the small value in the steady state and... more
In this paper, we present a new quick response digital control dc-dc converter based on a dynamic unstable gain to improve transient response. In the proposed method, the proportional gain is set to the small value in the steady state and the large value over the stability limit for only a short time in the transient state. Compared with the conventional PID, the undershoot, the overshoot and convergence time are improved by 48%, 71% and 84%, respectively. Generally, when the control gain is set to very large value, the capacitance of output smoothing capacitor must be set to large value simultaneously to maintain the stability of system. That can be reduced and the miniaturization of main circuit can be expected because the very large gain is set for only a short time to improve the transient response in the proposed method.
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The purpose of this paper is to propose the digital control method that is comprised of the fast P control and model control for an improvement of the transient response of the dc-dc converter. The electronic devices are required the... more
The purpose of this paper is to propose the digital control method that is comprised of the fast P control and model control for an improvement of the transient response of the dc-dc converter. The electronic devices are required the operation in the standby mode and the quick return to the active mode. The fast transient response of the dc-dc converter in such condition is important. In this paper, the fast P control is combined with the model control. Therefore, the transient response in such situation is improved because the operating point is optimized according to the load current. From the results, in the case of the load step from DCM to CCM, the undershoot and the convergence time are improved by about 80%.
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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the designing of the static characteristic of the digital peak current mode dc-dc converter using a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). In the proposed method, it is able to sample the reactor... more
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the designing of the static characteristic of the digital peak current mode dc-dc converter using a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). In the proposed method, it is able to sample the reactor current by using the VCO and the delay circuit. The improvement of the dynamic characteristic and the analysis of the proposed method have already been revealed. However the design method in the static characteristic of the proposed method has not been clear. In this paper, the analysis about the resolution of the output voltage is revealed for the designing of the proposed method in static characteristic. The change of the output voltage against the change of the delay time in the signal frequency detector is confirmed by comparing the analysis result and simulation results. Furthermore, the effect, which the signal frequency detector gives to the output voltage in the transient state, is discussed.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss performance characteristic of digital peak current mode control switching power supply. The proposed method can capture the peak current value in real time by using the voltage controlled oscillator... more
The purpose of this paper is to discuss performance characteristic of digital peak current mode control switching power supply. The proposed method can capture the peak current value in real time by using the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), the programmable delay circuit and the signal frequency detector. Its transfer function is derived analytically. Also, the frequency characteristics are revealed using the loop transfer function in the case of different voltage control loop gains. In addition, its gain margin and phase margin are discussed. Furthermore, the transient responses of proposed method are compared with the conventional voltage mode control in the simulation and the experiment.
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Fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or simply fuzzy MPPT technique has attracted a large interest because it allows a more human approach to control and shows good performance compared to conventional... more
Fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or simply fuzzy MPPT technique has attracted a large interest because it allows a more human approach to control and shows good performance compared to conventional techniques. However, in spite of the many advantages of the fuzzy MPPT, the design of this controller remains a difficult task due to the large number of parameters and fuzzy rules that needs an optimal tuning. This paper describes a new design method of fuzzy MPPT for photovoltaic conversion system using hierarchical genetic algorithms (HGAs). The chromosomes of HGAs are organized in hierarchical structure and able to optimize all parameters of fuzzy MPPT like the number of fuzzy rules and its consequents, and the membership functions parameters. The optimized fuzzy MPPT is tested in simulation and showed optimal responses even under rapid variations in irradiance. The proposed approach is compared to other fuzzy MPPT design methods currently in use, and the results confirm the superiority of our approach.
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MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has emerged very recently as an interacting material for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) configuration. It was discovered that Ti3C2Tx can facilitate the adsorption of biomolecules due to its higher binding energies,... more
MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has emerged very recently as an interacting material for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) configuration. It was discovered that Ti3C2Tx can facilitate the adsorption of biomolecules due to its higher binding energies, stronger interaction between matter and light, and larger surface area. In this work, a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx and silicon layer-based SPR refractometric sensor is proposed for the sensitive and fast detection of milk fat concentration due to the high significance of this issue to people all over the world. The proposed SPR structure employs BK7 (BK7 is a designation for the most common Borosilicate Crown glass used for a variety of applications in the visible range) as a coupling prism and silver as a metal layer. The layer thicknesses and the number of Ti3C2Tx sheets are optimized for the highest performance. The highest reached sensitivity is 350 deg./RIU with 50 nm silver and 4 nm silicon with a monolayer of Ti3C2Tx, which is ultra-high sensitivity ...
Research Interests: Biosensors and BioSensors
This work proposes a new indirect filed-oriented control (IFOC) scheme for double-powered induction generators (DPIGs) in multi-rotor wind turbine systems (MRWTS). The IFOC strategy is characterized by its simplicity, ease of use, and... more
This work proposes a new indirect filed-oriented control (IFOC) scheme for double-powered induction generators (DPIGs) in multi-rotor wind turbine systems (MRWTS). The IFOC strategy is characterized by its simplicity, ease of use, and fast dynamic speed. However, there are drawbacks to this method. Among its disadvantages is the presence of ripples in the level of torque, active power, and current. In addition, the total harmonic distortion (THD) value of the electric current is higher compared to the direct torque control method. In order to overcome these shortcomings and in terms of improving the effectiveness and performance of this method, a new algorithm is proposed for the super twisting algorithm (STA). In this work, a new STA method called simplified STA (SSTA) algorithm is proposed and applied to the traditional IFOC strategy in order to reduce the ripples of torque, current, and active power. On the other hand, the inverter of the DPIG is controlled by using a five-level ...
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In this paper, a modified version of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is proposed for the optimal energy management of a Microgrid (MG) with Parking Lots (PL) and Distributed Generation (DG) units. A 24-h scheduling for... more
In this paper, a modified version of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is proposed for the optimal energy management of a Microgrid (MG) with Parking Lots (PL) and Distributed Generation (DG) units. A 24-h scheduling for participation in DG units and electric vehicles PLs in two scenarios is done. The PLs are divided into seven group that each group has different trip behavior. Therefore, energy management should be done in such a way as to minimize operating costs according to the charging status of electric vehicles as well as the production capacity of distributed generation sources. Finally, the results of the two scenarios are reviewed separately and compared. The simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. The MG operation cost is decreased about 63%. Also, the optimization results. The optimization results by the proposed ICA algorithm are compared with the results of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarming optimization (PSO) algorithms. The...
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In this paper, an improved version of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for the online tuning of power system stabilizers in a standard four-machine two-area power system to mitigate local and inter-area mode... more
In this paper, an improved version of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for the online tuning of power system stabilizers in a standard four-machine two-area power system to mitigate local and inter-area mode oscillations. Moreover, an innovative objective function is proposed for performing the optimization, which is a weight function of two functions. The first part of fitness is the function of the angular velocity deviation of the generators, and the other part is a function based on the percentage of undershoot and maximum overshoot, and also the damping time of the power system oscillations. The performance of the proposed stabilization method is compared with the genetic algorithm and bacteria foraging algorithm results. Simulations are made in three different power system operation conditions by changing the system load. The simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed method over the genetic algorithm and bacteria foraging algorithm. In al...
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Technology advancement in power–electronic interfaces and their evolution open an opportunity to end-users to benefit from their newfound capability. For the end-users, power–electronic interfaces can act as Distributed Energy Resources... more
Technology advancement in power–electronic interfaces and their evolution open an opportunity to end-users to benefit from their newfound capability. For the end-users, power–electronic interfaces can act as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) for reactive power injection and absorption. If these power–electronic interface capabilities can be properly integrated into traditional utility system operations, they can be used as beneficial tools for distribution management and voltage profile enhancement. Considering the present distribution system, it is not possible to communicate to all DERs. In this paper, we considered two proposed residential-control and droop-control methods. The multi-criteria decision-making technique (MCDM), along with fuzzy theory, was used to prioritize candidate buses for their participation in the Volt-VAR program. In this paper, the contribution of active DERs in reactive power compensation was evaluated.
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The use of renewable energy sources in energy distribution networks as distributed generation sources for dispersed and low consumption loads in remote areas such as remote villages and islands with low population can be a proper solution... more
The use of renewable energy sources in energy distribution networks as distributed generation sources for dispersed and low consumption loads in remote areas such as remote villages and islands with low population can be a proper solution for reducing economic costs, reducing environmental pollutions and increasing energy efficiency. The purpose of this paper is optimal operation management of micro-grids by considering the existing capacities in the electricity market. In fact the microgrid operator, which is responsible for the safe operation of the network, should consider a process for planning in the network that takes into account all benefits of micro-grid's components. In other words, enough reliability for generation resources in these networks should be created in order to reduce costs and environmental pollution from energy production. In this paper, the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has been used to minimize the costs and environmental pollutions by providing...
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Smart grid systems have gained a great popularity in these days all over the world. Although the technical infrastructure is an important issue, the economic benefits of the system should also be considered. Therefore, this study is... more
Smart grid systems have gained a great popularity in these days all over the world. Although the technical infrastructure is an important issue, the economic benefits of the system should also be considered. Therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of cost-benefit analysis of smart grid systems. As a case study, wind turbines are examined in the study constructed in Turkey. The general approaches to cost-benefit analysis are to calculate and compare the benefits and the costs for wind turbines. For this purpose, comparison of different wind turbine models are examined in terms of the cost of produced power at first. Then, efficient operating life of turbines and annual average operating capacity factors are considered. Finally some outcomes are given about cost benefit analysis of future wind turbines in the smart grid systems.
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The current climatic scenario requires the use of innovative solutions to increase the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Multilevel Power Inverters are a promising solution to improve the penetration of renewable... more
The current climatic scenario requires the use of innovative solutions to increase the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Multilevel Power Inverters are a promising solution to improve the penetration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Moreover, the performance of MPIs is a function of the modulation strategy employed and of its features (modulation index and switching frequency). This paper presents an extended and experimental analysis of three-phase five-level Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter performance in terms of efficiency and harmonic content considering several MC PWM modulation strategies. In detail, the CHBMI performance is analyzed by varying the modulation index and the switching frequency. For control purposes, the NI System On Module sbRIO-9651 control board, a dedicated FPGA-based control board for power electronics and drive applications programmable in the LabVIEW environment, is used. The paper describes the modulatio...
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Stability of power converters has become more and more important in the hybrid green energy system because of its difficulties to maintain a stable dc-bus. This paper presents dynamic characteristics of a digital integral gain changeable... more
Stability of power converters has become more and more important in the hybrid green energy system because of its difficulties to maintain a stable dc-bus. This paper presents dynamic characteristics of a digital integral gain changeable control dc-dc converter to realize the high stability with suppression of the output capacitance. The integral gain changeable control method uses a variable integral gain, which is changed by the value of load current. The stability analysis is conducted by Bode diagrams. It is shown that the transient response and stability of the integral gain changeable method are better than the conventional fixed integral gain control method even if the output capacitance is smaller than the conventional method. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of our concept presented.
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The development of magnetic materials has enabled the construction of permanent magnet synchronous machines at competitive costs. Machines of this type have a large number of poles and make it possible to develop considerable mechanical... more
The development of magnetic materials has enabled the construction of permanent magnet synchronous machines at competitive costs. Machines of this type have a large number of poles and make it possible to develop considerable mechanical torques. This article presents a modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), outputting on a low voltage electrochemical accumulator battery, through a rectifier diodes in a small wind power system. After giving a general description and some characteristics of the wind turbine, a global system modeling is presented and the results of the simulation obtained using the Matlab-Simulink software are showed.
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The performance of a solar energy system can be better by inserting a smart power converter with an appropriate MPPT control between the PV source and the load. The smart converter or the well-known as power conditioning unit (PCU) is... more
The performance of a solar energy system can be better by inserting a smart power converter with an appropriate MPPT control between the PV source and the load. The smart converter or the well-known as power conditioning unit (PCU) is employed to maximize the power extracted from the solar panel by real-time impedance matching, and to regulate the PV voltage level. The proposed PCU is equipped with a cuk DC-DC converter controlled by a smart energy recovery technique based on direct duty cycle INC algorithm. The review and validity of the proposed PCU model, which interfaces an MSX 60 module with a 12V lead-acid battery, was performed using the Matlab tools. The designed system works effectively and provides the best performance in transient and stable states, regardless of variations in environmental conditions.
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The switching power supply must deal with much more tasks than ever in the renewable energy system whose implementation is being promoted. For that reason, the digital control switching power supply is recognized as a solution in such a... more
The switching power supply must deal with much more tasks than ever in the renewable energy system whose implementation is being promoted. For that reason, the digital control switching power supply is recognized as a solution in such a complex system. Although the digital control can realize a higher performance than the analog control, there is the room to be improved for further development. The delay time caused by the A-D conversion and processing time influences the dynamic characteristics and transient response. Also, the control precision depending on the quantization error leads to the limit cycle oscillation. These issues must be improved in the digital control. In this paper, the quick response wide input range dc-dc converter is presented, which meets the demand on the control precision of output voltage, transient response, and dynamic characteristics that are required for the renewable energy system. The proportional gain is changed to a high value at the beginning of ...
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In recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is... more
In recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is that of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or plug-in HEV (PHEV) electric cars, but hydrogen-based transport has also shown significant growth in the commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and in the development of new infrastructural schemes. In the current panorama of EV, particular attention should be paid to hydrogen technology, i.e., FCEVs, which is potentially a valid alternative to BEVs and can also be hybrid (FCHEV) and plug-in hybrid (FCPHEV). Several sources cited show a positive trend of hydrogen in the transport sector, identifying a growing trend in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, although at this time, it is still at an early stage of development. At the moment, the cost of building the infrastructure is still ...
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Smart grid systems are complex and huge power networks including many digital components and assets. These systems provide opportunities to operators to collect data remotely from customers and manage their network reliably and... more
Smart grid systems are complex and huge power networks including many digital components and assets. These systems provide opportunities to operators to collect data remotely from customers and manage their network reliably and effectively. Therefore, the operators can track and analyze historical and immediate power consumption data, and take necessary actions to manage changes or meet the requirements of the consumers. Beside smart grid systems bring many advantages compared to traditional power systems, cybersecurity is one of the main challenging issues for these systems. In this paper, vulnerabilities and threats for smart grids were reviewed, categorized and evaluated for six components of smart grid systems, for the first time. Then cybersecurity considerations on smart grid systems were examined and discussed, and finally, some applicable measures to minimize currently available vulnerabilities and threats were presented.
In this paper, intelligent control of a reluctance synchronous motor by an emotional controller, considering the effect of magnetic saturation on implementation, is analyzed; the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy is provided.... more
In this paper, intelligent control of a reluctance synchronous motor by an emotional controller, considering the effect of magnetic saturation on implementation, is analyzed; the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy is provided. According to the application of the proposed control scheme, the structure adequately performs the control of speed and magnetic flux of the reluctance synchronous motor drive. Additionally, the application of intelligent control based on an emotional learning system has provided adequate results to create a proper control process. The control function of a SynRM drive based on vector control in a rotor machine was compared with another based on emotional controllers and a PI controller regulated by genetic algorithms. The result of this comparison was the improvement of control functions by the controller based on the emotional controller. In addition, the MTPA based on search algorithms was well implemented in different situations. Due to its simplici...
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The economic life of Solar Power Plants (SPP) is accepted for more than 20 years and this point is taken into account in financial analysis. The cumulative effect of very small changes in the efficiency of a system that will generate... more
The economic life of Solar Power Plants (SPP) is accepted for more than 20 years and this point is taken into account in financial analysis. The cumulative effect of very small changes in the efficiency of a system that will generate energy for 20 years increases significantly over the years. SPP efficiency determines the losses in the generated energy. The failures in SPPs have a serious impact on the reliability of the system and the energy balance. Because of this, the energy losses produced by the SPP plant directly depend on two major factors. These factors are plant failures and production inefficiencies in photovoltaic (PV) panels. To know the negative impact of energy losses in PV plants, contributes to optimization in maintenance and design and increases efficiency in power production. In this study, probable losses in SPPs are classified and examined and the possible consequences of these losses and their effects on SPP performance are explained. In addition, by using the actual data in the operation and maintenance follow-up of many power plants, error rates grouped by the deficiencies in energy balance are achieved. According to these results, the process in the system under test, 67415 MW of power plant and 59211 MW of power plant has been obtained, resulting in a total 87.83 percent difference.
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This study concentrates on multi-time series and - time scale modeling in wind speed and wind power forecasting. Different statistical models along with different time horizons are analyzed and evaluated broadly and comprehensively. For... more
This study concentrates on multi-time series and - time scale modeling in wind speed and wind power forecasting. Different statistical models along with different time horizons are analyzed and evaluated broadly and comprehensively. For this reason, the entire study is divided into two main scientific parts. In case of making a general overview of the entire study, moving average (MA), weighted moving average (WMA), autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods are employed for multi-time series modeling. Very short-term, short-term, medium-term and long-term scales are utilized for multi-time scale modeling. Specifically, in this part of the entire study, the mentioned statistical models are presented in detail and 10-min and 1-h time series forecasting models are created for the purpose of achieving 10-min and 2-h ahead forecasting, respectively. Many useful outcomes are accomplished for very short-term and short-term wind speed and wind power forecasting.
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The hierarchical and the centrally-controlled grid topology of existing electrical power systems has remained unchanged over the 20th century. On the other hand, there is a rapid increase in the cost of fossil fuels coupled with the... more
The hierarchical and the centrally-controlled grid topology of existing electrical power systems has remained unchanged over the 20th century. On the other hand, there is a rapid increase in the cost of fossil fuels coupled with the inability of utility companies to expand their generation capacity in line with the rising electricity demand, without modernizing the grid. For these reasons, it is needed to modernize the existing power grids and consequently smart power grids have emerged. Unlike the benefits and features ensured by smart grids, this paper provides a detailed survey of the critical challenges in smart grids in terms of information and communication technologies, sensing, measurement, control and automation technologies, power electronics and energy storage technologies. It is expected that this paper will lead to the better understanding of potential constraints in smart grid technologies.
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... Özet Bu çalışmada üç fazlı asenkron motorlarda kullanılan klasik yolverme yöntemleri PIC 16F84 denetleyicisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yıldız-üçgen, seri direnç ve rotoru sargılı asenkron motora yol verme yöntemlerinde kullanılan... more
... Özet Bu çalışmada üç fazlı asenkron motorlarda kullanılan klasik yolverme yöntemleri PIC 16F84 denetleyicisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yıldız-üçgen, seri direnç ve rotoru sargılı asenkron motora yol verme yöntemlerinde kullanılan kontaktör, zaman rölesi ve kontak sistemi yerine ...
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The submarine lead acid batteries require high current (~8 kA) and low voltage (~10 V) battery chargers because of their high capacities. The need to install the power converters in small place is the driving force for reduced volume and... more
The submarine lead acid batteries require high current (~8 kA) and low voltage (~10 V) battery chargers because of their high capacities. The need to install the power converters in small place is the driving force for reduced volume and high efficiency. Moreover, the high power lead acid batteries require very low voltage and current ripples and a very high