Peter Jordan

In the course of a project at the University of Vienna in co-operation with the Austrian Institute of East and Southeast European Studies, a prototype of a multinational interactive Internet-Atlas is being developed (project name: AtOS). Conceptual and graphical design of an interface as meeting point of man and computer plays an important role within this project. This report gives an overview of the general tasks and styling rules of a user interface and treats important conceptual aspects of interface design within an interactive atlas.

Departing from the assumption that exonyms, in the sense of »names used in a specific language for a geographical feature situated outside the area where that language is spoken and differing in its form from the name used in an official or well-established language of the area where the geographical feature is situated« (UN Glossary definition 2007), are indicators of external historical as well as current political, cultural, and economic relations of a community, the article investigates the case of Croatian exonyms as documented by the recently published editions of Ivana Crljenko (2016, 2018). For comparison, (Austrian-)German, Hungarian and Italian exonyms are also examined in this respect. In essence, the assumption is found to also be confirmed by the Croatian case, although several linguistic factors distort the picture. The article also reveals the weaknesses of the current UN Glossary definitions of the terms »exonym« and »endonym«.

Th is paper is the outcome of a bilateral Romanian-Austrian research project on new and innovative initiatives in rural development. It was the aim of the study to identify success factors of strategies applied and to verify their transferability. Th is article presents results related to the role of tourism in rural development in a comparative way focusing on the following main aspects: (1) tourism potential in the sense of (used or unused) opportunities on the background of current touristic demand (including main tourism trends); (2) current touristic off er; (3) current touristic demand; (4) perspectives of further (touristic and extra-touristic) development. It then also asks for (5) the relation between endogeneous and exogenous factors in developing tourism; (6) eff ects of tourism on local population and general local development; (7) basic success factors for initiatives in tourism, but also in other fi elds as well as (8) main diff erences in rural development, especially...

Contents: Francis W. Carter: Central Europe, Fact or Geographical Fiction? - Violette Rey: The New Central Europe: Waiting for Convergence? - Vladimir Kolossov: Geopolitical Scenarios for Eastern and Central Europe in a Post-bipolar World - Milan Bufon: Some Political-Geographical Problems of Transition in Central Europe: the Case of Slovenia - Mladen Klemencic: Croatia and Central Europe: Past and future Prospects - Antoni Kuklinski: Research Priorities in the Transformation of Central Europe - Petr Dostal / Martin Hampl: Transformation of East-Central Europe: General Principles under Differentiating Conditions - Gyoergy Enyedi: New Regional Processes in Post-Socialist Central Europe - Elisabeth Lichtenberger: Geography of Transition in East-Central Europe: Society and Settlement Systems - Marie-Claude Maurel: Post-Collectivist Local Societies in Central Europe - Rene Verhoeff: The Transformation of International Tourism in Central Europe - Between State and Market - Lauren Eastwood: From Revolution to Dissolution: Recent Transitions of the Eastern European Environmental Movement - Alma Bianchetti: Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Problems and future Prospects for a Central European Border and Bridge Region in the Process of European Integration - Bronislaw Kortus: Spatial-Economic Transformations in Poland - Stephan Barisitz: Changes in Trade Patterns - The Case of Austria - Marek Kupiszewski: The Future of East-West Migration in Europe - Dusan Drbohlav: The Probable Future of European East-West International Migration - Selected Aspects - Judit Juhasz / Zoltan Doevenyi: Recent International Migration Trends in Hungary. Social and Geographical Aspects - Nadine Cattan / Claude Grasland / Stanislav Rehak: Migration Flows between the Czech and Slovak Republics - Which Forms of Transition?

Der Versuch einer Großgliederung Euro- pas geht also auf die konkrete Anfrage ei- ner Behörde zurück. Sie zeigt, dass prak- tischer Bedarf nach derartigen Raum- gliederungen besteht: nicht nur für die Zuordnung von Zuständigkeitsbereichen im öffentlichen Dienst, sondern auch in der Wirtschaft, für die Gliederung von Verzeichnissen und Kartenwerken, die Zuordnung von Gebieten und Staaten in Nachschlagewerken etc. Dennoch darf nicht übersehen werden, dass Versuche, Europa in Großregionen zu gliedern und damit innerhalb Europas Grenzen zu ziehen angesichts der poli- tischen Integration Europas, besonders auch der Migrationen und des wachsen- den internationalen Austausches in jeder Hinsicht manchen auch als unzeitgemäß erscheinen. "Da wächst Europa nun end- lich zusammen und dann beginnt ein Geograph, es wieder aufzuteilen!" ist ein ernst zu nehmender Einwand. Er wiegt umso schwerer, als wissenschaftlich be- gründete oder unter wissenschaftlichem Vorwand unternommene Raumglie...

Signposts at major roads and motorways hinting at places in neighbouring countries address drivers from different countries speaking different languages. It cannot be expected that, e.g., a French driver knows how German or Hungarian speakers call Prague [Praha] or how a Hungarian speaker calls Vienna [Wien]. Road signposts are therefore first of all to apply endonyms in the sense of names in the local language of the place indicated and only possibly and additionally names in the language, where the signpost is located (exonyms). But practice varies. In some countries indeed only endonyms are shown on road signposts, in other countries also the exonym is given. In several countries practice is not uniform. The paper examines the practice in several countries of Central Europe and formulates guidelines for the use of place names on road signposts, regarding also the question of how to proceed when places indicated on the signpost or the signpost itself are located in a multilingual ...

ABSTRACT An Austrian geographer assesses efforts of candidate countries for European Union membership to create systems of regions within their borders that satisfy EU require-ments (that candidate countries develop systems of strong regions to counterbalance national-ist tendencies engendered by concentration of political power at the nation state level). The designated regional systems of Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, and Romania are evaluated according to such criteria as size/socioeconomic com-plexity and identity. Identity includes such dimensions as regional self-governance and politi-cal authority, spatial coincidence with cultural or historical regions, and congruence with central-place hinterlands.

In contrast to other Balkan states Albanian national identity is not bound to a state denomination. While all Orthodox nations (Greeks, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Romanians, Serbs, Montenegrins) and also the Roman-Catholic Croats and the Muslim Bosniaks define themselves primarily by religion, the population of Albania is split into three confessions roughly 70 % Muslims, 20 % Orthodox and 10 % Roman-Catholics which makes religion not an appropriate identity marker. We investigate the reasons for this exceptional situation by using Manfred Buttner’s “Bochum Model” of religion geography. Next is a survey over the role of religion and religious communities in other Balkan and eastern European countries. We examine the role of religion with Albanian nation-building in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and its current religious structure and religious communities, their function in public life and relations to the state. The conclusion seeks answers to this question: why was it possible to develop a national identity across religious boundaries under the conditions of usual coincidence of religion and nation in the Balkans. The following answers are provided: (1) a common and very specific language, which contrasted Albanians from all neighbors and gave them a feeling of communality, (2) an imagination of a common ethnic descent from the Illyrians, (3) exclusive national ideas and policies of all neighbours (mainly Serbs and Greeks) offering Albanian-speakers finally no alternative for national affiliation, and (4) the in a fact forced and heavily supported formation of an independent state, where national consciousness could be further cultivated. The chapter asks whether this Albanian model was transferable to the second essentially multireligious Balkan state, viz., Bosnia and Hercegovina.

ABSTRACT The article highlights some principal transformation processes in the post-Communist countries of Central and Southeast Europe as reflected by the Atlas of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, edited as a thematic map series since 1989 by the author. This comprises (1) environmental change, (2) growing spatial disparities, (3) democratic transformation with a focus on administrative decentralisation and (4) the consequences of a rise in national and ethnic consciousness. Keywordsatlas cartography-transformation processes-Central Europe-Southeast Europe-environment-spatial disparities-administrative decentralization-national consciousness

Language is without any doubt a societal phenomenon, which is in many more ways related to space. While francophone, anglophone and Spanish geography have developed a kind of language geography or geolinguistics as a subdiscipline of geography, geographers in German-speaking countries pay some attention to this fact only within ethnic geography. The paper highlights some more important spatial aspects of language and proposes to regard language geography as a subdiscipline of cultural geography which has to co-operate closely with linguistics and history.

After browsing the principal terms of geographical regions like structural and functional regions, the paper highlights the term “cultural region” as a manifestation of a certain culture in the landscape on the one hand and as a factor of shaping cultural identity on the other. The very point and message of the paper is to emphasize that it was an advantage, if administrative regions, i.e. a subtype of functional regions, would coincide with cultural regions, i.e. a subtype of structural regions. It offers several explanations for why this coincidence was favourable, hints at successful historical examples and recent attempts to achieve such a coincidence.

Apart from all institutional definitions of the endonym and the exonym as, e.g., the latest definitions given by the UNGEGN Glossary of Toponymic Terms in 2007, the endonym/exonym divide is basically and most generally speaking a divide between names applied by a social group for geographical features conceived to be part of the area where this group lives and to which it feels to be emotionally attached and names applied by other social groups for this same area. Much depends therefore on to which extent social groups feel to be emotionally attached to larger geographical features such as mountain ranges, streams and seas, regard them as a part of their living sphere and not as attached to nobody or another group. In other words, it is the question, whether or inhowfar a social group refers to a feature as part of its "place" in the meaning of Yi-Fu Tuan (1977). Where is it, e.g., that a line is drawn between "one's own" and "the other" on seas? Is...

... During the 1980s trends towards long weekend stays and nautical tourism (sailing, yachting based on a variety of well-developed yacht marinas) evolved. ... Nautical tourism is estimated to have the potential to expand by at least a third (Jadreši , 1997: 302). ...

... Prior to World War I, the areas presently constituting Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Slovenia (together with Austria) formed the core of a large European empire—the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Enlargement was therefore celebrated in the new member states ...

ABSTRACT This paper surveys the economic and political prospects of multiethnic Transcarpathia Oblast, a borderland region that historically has frequently changed political affiliations and which in 2004 will form a part of Ukraine's border with the European Union. More specifically, the analysis focuses on factors that have shaped the region's identity, the extent to which its current economic potential has been effectively utilized, whether its relative location confers upon it the potential to serve as a bridgehead between Ukraine and European political and economic structures, and implications of EU enlargement and Ukraine's macropolitical orientation for the region.

Esonimo e un termine appropriato per i toponimi utilizzati in contesti extraterritoriali? Questo contributo riflette sull’estensione del termine esonimo a luoghi che non rientrano in una sovranita nazionale, come ad esempio le “acque internazionali”. Dopo aver fornito la definizione di alcuni termini di base, si analizza inizialmente il punto di vista di Naftali Kadmon (Kadmon, 2007), il quale sostiene che i nomi marittimi in un certa lingua possono essere considerati endonimi all’interno delle acque territoriali di uno Stato, ma si trasformano in esonimi nelle acque territoriali di altri Paesi. Nelle acque internazionali non possono quindi esistere degli endonimi. In assenza di un endonimo non si puo quindi definire neanche un esonimo. Per Kadmon ne “consegue che vi e la necessita di un nuovo termine da aggiungere al Glossario dei termini per la normalizzazione dei nomi geografici , vale a dire un termine che tenga conto dell’uso fatto del toponimo in un contesto di acque internazi...

Jezik je brez dvoma eden najpomembnejših družbenih pojavov, ki ima s prostorom vrsto povezav. Medtem ko so v frankofonskih, anglofonskih in hispanskih deželah razvili neke oblike geografije jezika ali geolingvistike kot posebne geografske poddiscipline, so geografi v nemško govorečih državah temu posvetili nekaj pozornosti edino v okviru etnične geografije. Prispevek osvetljuje nekaj pomembnih prostorskih aspektov jezika in postavlja geografijo jezika kot subdisciplino kulturne geografije, ki tesno sodeluje z jezikoslovjem in zgodovino.

This paper deals with the question, whether the term exonym covers also features beyond any sovereignty such as international waters. It discusses three principal views in this respect on the status of sea names in the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms. The first view to discuss is Naftali KADMON’s opinion that there is a need for an additional term besides endonym and exonym, since where the term endonym does not apply – to international waters – also the term exonym was not applicable. The paper then refers to Paul WOODMAN’s view that a name cannot change its terminological status from endonym to exonym, which means that all names in languages well-established in the coastal countries of a sea are endonyms all over the feature. Names in other languages have according to him the status of exonyms, since there is everywhere the counterpart of an endonym, even in international waters. The paper ends with a synthesis of these two contrasting views postulating that the term exonym, the term for a name from without, does not require the counterpart of an endonym and can very well be applied on features beyond any sovereignty.