Kiss Gergely
University of Pecs, Medieval and Early Modern History, Faculty Member
- Medieval Studies, Early Modern History, Papacy (Medieval Church History), History of the Papacy, Papal Legates, late medieval and early modern history of European nobility and courts, and 9 moreMedieval Church History, High Middle Ages, History of Hungary, Territoriality, Jurisdiction, Benedictine History, Investiture Controvery, Diocesis history - Leiria-Fátima, and Papal Legatsedit
The life of the Cistercian monk who was born around 1177 and died in 1227 crossed the history of the Crusades several times and was commissioned as papal legate not only to prepare the classic campaigns in the Holy Land, but also to act... more
The life of the Cistercian monk who was born around 1177 and died in 1227 crossed the history of the Crusades several times and was commissioned as papal legate not only to prepare the classic campaigns in the Holy Land, but also to act against the Albigensian heretics in the early thirteenth century. The present paper will examine his role and activities in these complex events, starting from his charter of 1220, during the campaign against the Albigensians.
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The Papacy became the supreme authority of the Latin Christianity at least at the turn of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries. Papal delegates, especially legati a latere were the "long arm" of the popes to settle and negotiate both... more
The Papacy became the supreme authority of the Latin Christianity at least at the turn of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries. Papal delegates, especially legati a latere were the "long arm" of the popes to settle and negotiate both ecclesiastical and political issues. In theory, papal representatives should have been given a warm welcome in the places where they were sent, however, as the examples in the paper show, this was by no means always the case. The paper aims to discuss this process by analysing the activities of the papal legates in the Kingdom if Hungary, the form of representation and the procedures of the negotiation (cooperation, contestation, refusal) of this authority in the context of the Hungarian Kingdom in thirteenthfourteenth centuries.
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For a long time, Elemér Mályusz’s thesis, according to which foreign clerics flooded Hungarian church benefices, enjoyed unquestionable authority in Hungarian church history research, and this phenomenon could only be stopped by the... more
For a long time, Elemér Mályusz’s thesis, according to which foreign clerics flooded Hungarian church benefices, enjoyed unquestionable authority in Hungarian church history research, and this phenomenon could only be stopped by the vigorous action of Sigismund of Luxembourg at the turn of the 14th‒15th centuries. The present research uses prosopographic data of papal envoys to analyze this question for the first decade of the 14th century. The two papal legates Niccolò Boccasini and Gentilis de Monteflorum, who operated in Hungary, arrived, like many other papal legates, with special powers (facultas) that theoretically provided more opportunities for foreign clerics to receive benefices in Hungary. The study examines the extent to which the two papal legates took advantage of these opportunities and helped members of their own families to receive ecclesiastical benefices here, and what was their proportion in all the households of the legates.
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For a long timé, Elemér Mályusz's thesis, according to which foreign clerics flooded Hungarian church benefices, enjoyed unquestionable authority in Hungarian church history research, and this phenomenon could only be stopped by the... more
For a long timé, Elemér Mályusz's thesis, according to which foreign clerics flooded Hungarian church benefices, enjoyed unquestionable authority in Hungarian church history research, and this phenomenon could only be stopped by the vigorous action of Sigismund of Luxembourg at the turn of the 14 th-15 th centuries. The present research uses prosopographic data of papal envoys to analyse this question for the first decade of the 14 th céntury. Thé two papal légatés Niccolò Boccassini and Gentile de Monteflorum, who operated in Hungary, arrived, like many other papal legates, with special powers (facultates) that theoretically provided more opportunities for foreign clerics to receive benefices in Hungary. The study examines the extent to which the two papal legates took advantage of these opportunities and helped members of their own families to receive ecclesiastical benefices here, and what was their proportion in all the households of the legates.
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L’etude presente est le fruit d’un ensemble d’observations singulieres qui ont surgi au cours de recherches portant sur le statut privilegie des eglises royales en Hongrie au Moyen Âge. Fait surprenant, un groupe d’etablissements... more
L’etude presente est le fruit d’un ensemble d’observations singulieres qui ont surgi au cours de recherches portant sur le statut privilegie des eglises royales en Hongrie au Moyen Âge. Fait surprenant, un groupe d’etablissements ecclesiastiques relies institutionnellement a la reine beneficiait du privilege d’exemption. Ces etablissements se repartissent en plusieurs types : on trouve parmi eux aussi bien des collegiales que des chapelles (ou paroisses), ainsi peut-etre qu’une communaute de religieuses benedictines. Le propos consiste a mettre a l’epreuve des sources l’hypothese suivante : la conjonction entre le statut privilegie de ces eglises et leur caractere reginal est-elle a l’origine de leur conformite par rapport au modele que fournissaient les eglises royales exemptes ?
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Th e present paper deals with the ecclesiastical career of a Hungarian prelate, Haab, who lived at the turn of the 13th‒14th centuries. The exact stages of his ecclesiastical career and its chronology are not yet clarified, and there are... more
Th e present paper deals with the ecclesiastical career of a Hungarian prelate, Haab, who lived at the turn of the 13th‒14th centuries. The exact stages of his ecclesiastical career and its chronology are not yet clarified, and there are similar diffi culties with his kinship. Haab’s case is a good example of how research can use detailed archontological research to
reconstruct the career of a given person and create an accurate prosopographic data sheet.
reconstruct the career of a given person and create an accurate prosopographic data sheet.
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Abstract: The present paper aims, first of all, to show an overview about the existing results of the researches concerning the relations of the Papacy and the Hungarian Kingdom in the 14th century. Besides the abundance of sources, the... more
Abstract: The present paper aims, first of all, to show an overview about the existing results of the researches concerning the relations of the Papacy and the Hungarian Kingdom in the 14th century. Besides the abundance of sources, the relationship was presented generally from diplomatic point of view and other features (church government, jurisdiction, sociology) were neglected. Using the experiences of a previous research project (DeLegatOnline) the present work shows
shortly the available sources, the features to be analyzed and some methodological suggestion.
Keywords: Papacy, Hungary, diplomacy, church government, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, prosopography, 14th century.
shortly the available sources, the features to be analyzed and some methodological suggestion.
Keywords: Papacy, Hungary, diplomacy, church government, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, prosopography, 14th century.
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1) Dans le cadre du colloque tenu en novembre de 2016 à Saint-Étienne (Les officiers et la chose publique dans les territoires angevins (XIIIe-XVe siècle) : vers une culture politique ?) j’ai eu l’occasion de présenter l’opposition des... more
1) Dans le cadre du colloque tenu en novembre de 2016 à Saint-Étienne (Les officiers et la chose publique dans les territoires angevins (XIIIe-XVe siècle) : vers une culture politique ?) j’ai eu l’occasion de présenter l’opposition des prélats contre le gouvernement de Charles Ier d’Anjou, roi de Hongrie (Formation d’une identite politique et de gouvernement chez les officiers clercs de Charles Ier d’Anjou : Royaume de Hongrie) et ses origines possibles, notamment la formation des corps politiques depuis la fin du XIIIe siècle. Aux marges de ce sujet se dessinait dès lors un autre sujet qui s’inscrit bien dans la thématique des joiurnées d’études proposées. Au fond de cette opposition des prélats au roi se trouve une autre, notamment celle de Boniface VIII et d’une partie de ces cardinaux. Un bon nombre d’eux s’opposait au gouvernement de ce pape dès 1295, surtout les deux Colonna, Jacopo et Pietro qui ont même élaboré un pamphlet tout en relevant le contraste entre la participation traditionnelle des cardinaux dans le gouvernement de l’Église et l’exerce du pouvoir de Boniface VIII. Mais ils n’étaient pas les seuls : des théorociens tels que Jean le Moine se se sentaient sollicités à se préoccuper du gouvernement équilibré du pape et de ses cardinaux ce qui opposait largement la réalité. La communication que je propose ici aborde ce problématique : les difficultés du gouvernement de Boniface VIII qui a apparemment rompu la tradition de l’équilibre du pape et des cardinaux. Le titre proposé est : De fratrorum nostrorum consilio ? Les difficultés de gouverner au temps de Boniface VIII.
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A tanulmány az első magyar származású bíboros, Báncsa István (1205 k.-1270) udavartartásának, familiajának összetételét vizsgálja, az egyes tagok feladatait, szerepét, a pályafutásukra gyakorolt hatását, valamint a személyes és rokoni... more
A tanulmány az első magyar származású bíboros, Báncsa István (1205 k.-1270) udavartartásának, familiajának összetételét vizsgálja, az egyes tagok feladatait, szerepét, a pályafutásukra gyakorolt hatását, valamint a személyes és rokoni kapcsolatok jelentőségét.
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The identification of the papal envoys is the starting point for the research. At the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries different legates worked in the Kingdom of Hungary with the same given name, Gregory. It raised problems in... more
The identification of the papal envoys is the starting point for the research. At the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries different legates worked in the Kingdom of Hungary with the same given name, Gregory. It raised problems in the historiography, different persons were confused, and therefore heterogeneous life paths were mixed. The present paper aims to discuss all possibilities and determine the identity of the different papal envoys called Gregory. It provides the opportunity to present one of those legates’, Gregorius de Sancto Apostolo’s course of life.
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Short description of two privilegies of the King Béla IV issued on 17th and 21 March 1240 for Cistercians.
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BONIFACE VIII AND HUNGARY (1290‒1303) Ideas of Legitimating Papal Authority and Government in Context by Gergely Kiss SUMMARY On 31 May, 1303 Boniface VIII issued a letter of sentence with regard to the succession to the Hungarian throne,... more
BONIFACE VIII AND HUNGARY (1290‒1303)
Ideas of Legitimating Papal Authority and Government in Context
by Gergely Kiss
SUMMARY
On 31 May, 1303 Boniface VIII issued a letter of sentence with regard to the succession to the Hungarian throne, in terms of which the Pope reserved for himself the right to occupy the throne. While this document is far from unknown to researchers, two related questions deserve attention. First, the antecedents of this papal decision should be looked
for in the eleventh to thirteenth century, for only such an inquiry can answer the question of whether the right vindicated by the pope with regard to the royal succession was based on tradition. Second, the text should be analysed from the perspective of Boniface’s government of the church. In view of the fact that this latter activity caused frequent
criticism and objections, it is especially important to establish the extent to which the decision to occupy the Hungarian throne refl ects on them.
Ideas of Legitimating Papal Authority and Government in Context
by Gergely Kiss
SUMMARY
On 31 May, 1303 Boniface VIII issued a letter of sentence with regard to the succession to the Hungarian throne, in terms of which the Pope reserved for himself the right to occupy the throne. While this document is far from unknown to researchers, two related questions deserve attention. First, the antecedents of this papal decision should be looked
for in the eleventh to thirteenth century, for only such an inquiry can answer the question of whether the right vindicated by the pope with regard to the royal succession was based on tradition. Second, the text should be analysed from the perspective of Boniface’s government of the church. In view of the fact that this latter activity caused frequent
criticism and objections, it is especially important to establish the extent to which the decision to occupy the Hungarian throne refl ects on them.
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The present paper aimes to examine the first Hungarian cardinal, Stephen Báncsa’s family. It uses the term familia in a large sense involving both bood relatives and members of the court being in official relations with the cardinal as... more
The present paper aimes to examine the first Hungarian cardinal, Stephen Báncsa’s family. It uses the term familia in a large sense involving both bood relatives and members of the court being in official relations with the cardinal as well. The paper presents the composition of the family, its functioning as a personal network which had a several influence on beneficiary policy and university studies as well.
Key words: cardinals, Papacy, family, social relations, papal curia, 13th century, Hungary, Orvieto
Key words: cardinals, Papacy, family, social relations, papal curia, 13th century, Hungary, Orvieto
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The present work aims to study one of the basic problem of the medieval Polish ecclesiastical hierarchy, the formation of the first (arch)bishopric centers, the construction process of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Two different level are... more
The present work aims to study one of the basic problem of the medieval Polish ecclesiastical hierarchy, the formation of the first (arch)bishopric centers, the construction process of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Two different level are to be distingished in this process, the first, the foundation of Poznań supported by Otto I’s imperial-eccliastical policy which attached the Polish territories to Magdeburg and the imperial hierarchy. On a second level, around the first millenium, the foundation of the archbishopric seat at Gniezno, by Otto III referrs to a new imperial and ecclesiasical idea, the development of the Orbis Christianus by the organization of independent ecclesiastical province of Poland. The present study examinates also if this double level has influenced the further development of the hierarchy and contributed to the dichotomy which is clearly detected in the 12th century.
Key words: Medieval Poland, Polish ecclesiastical hierarchy, Magdeburg, Poznań, Gniezno
Key words: Medieval Poland, Polish ecclesiastical hierarchy, Magdeburg, Poznań, Gniezno
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Th e present work aims to show the main elements of the legal culture of the clergy in the 14th century-Hungary. Th e starting point is the explanation of the notion “legal culture”, the presentation of its three main elements, the legal... more
Th e present work aims to show the main elements of the legal culture of the clergy in the
14th century-Hungary. Th e starting point is the explanation of the notion “legal culture”, the presentation
of its three main elements, the legal service at the royal court, the activities of the loca credibilia and of
the ecclesiastical courts, the personal legal culture. Th e paper shows not only the connection of the legal
culture and the development of the bureaucratic writing, the chancellery, but the eff ects of the university
studies as well, its main turning points and periods (Paris, Bologna, Padova), with a special focus on the
Angevin era (14th century). We can state that the legal culture of Hungarian clergy underwent several
changes in this era. With the laicisation of the bureaucratic activities, the royal court needed representatives
who had legal experiences for its international aff airs, thus it favoured the change of the legal culture
of the clergy at the court. Th e same period is also very important because of the ecclesiastical and secular
justice. Several elements of personal legal culture (e. g. collection) are also presented.
14th century-Hungary. Th e starting point is the explanation of the notion “legal culture”, the presentation
of its three main elements, the legal service at the royal court, the activities of the loca credibilia and of
the ecclesiastical courts, the personal legal culture. Th e paper shows not only the connection of the legal
culture and the development of the bureaucratic writing, the chancellery, but the eff ects of the university
studies as well, its main turning points and periods (Paris, Bologna, Padova), with a special focus on the
Angevin era (14th century). We can state that the legal culture of Hungarian clergy underwent several
changes in this era. With the laicisation of the bureaucratic activities, the royal court needed representatives
who had legal experiences for its international aff airs, thus it favoured the change of the legal culture
of the clergy at the court. Th e same period is also very important because of the ecclesiastical and secular
justice. Several elements of personal legal culture (e. g. collection) are also presented.
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Gergely Kiss: Receiving Christianity in Poland, Bohemia and Hungary from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century Similarities and Differences in the Reception of Christianity and the Creation of the Higher Level of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy... more
Gergely Kiss: Receiving Christianity in Poland, Bohemia and Hungary from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century Similarities and Differences in the Reception of Christianity and the Creation of the Higher Level of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy
The present paper studies and compares the beginnings of the Bohemian (Moravian), Polish and Hungarian Christianity. From the above-mentioned peoples Christianity must have reached the Bohemians (Moravians) and the Hungarians as a result of the missionary activity supported first by the Carolingian empire, and after its fall by the Eastern Frankish Kingdom. With the Bohemians (Moravians) it meant direct contact and conversion, however, the Hungarians were only indirectly influenced by Christianity (with the occupation of the Carpathian basin). Yet it is important to emphasise that in the conversions the Bavarian church (with the leading role of Salzburg, with the participation of Passau, Regensburg and Freising) had significant successes in the period between the end of the 8th century and the end of the 9th century. The 10th century brought significant changes. The Hungarian conquest made the earlier organised missions impossible for a long time and it influenced the whole area of the Carpathian basin including the area inhabited by the Moravians. Among the Bohemians the Bavarian influence seems to dominate until the middle of the century. As a new element the case of the Polish mission appeared, but it emerged within the frames of the new German imperial church policy of Otto I. This latter had a crucial influence on the conversion and ecclesiastical system of all three peoples. From the 940/960s the centres of mission, the new dioceses – of the Polish (Poznań), of the Bohemians (Prague) or of the Hungarians (the centre is not known here) – could emerge only as the subordinates of the German church. In contrast, the years around the first millenium - as a result of Otto III's different church policy – lead to the basis of the formation of independent church in two cases (Polish, Hungarian). Using these early parallels we intend to show the similarities and differences by the beginnings of the Bohemian, Polish and Hungarian ecclesiastical systems.
The present paper studies and compares the beginnings of the Bohemian (Moravian), Polish and Hungarian Christianity. From the above-mentioned peoples Christianity must have reached the Bohemians (Moravians) and the Hungarians as a result of the missionary activity supported first by the Carolingian empire, and after its fall by the Eastern Frankish Kingdom. With the Bohemians (Moravians) it meant direct contact and conversion, however, the Hungarians were only indirectly influenced by Christianity (with the occupation of the Carpathian basin). Yet it is important to emphasise that in the conversions the Bavarian church (with the leading role of Salzburg, with the participation of Passau, Regensburg and Freising) had significant successes in the period between the end of the 8th century and the end of the 9th century. The 10th century brought significant changes. The Hungarian conquest made the earlier organised missions impossible for a long time and it influenced the whole area of the Carpathian basin including the area inhabited by the Moravians. Among the Bohemians the Bavarian influence seems to dominate until the middle of the century. As a new element the case of the Polish mission appeared, but it emerged within the frames of the new German imperial church policy of Otto I. This latter had a crucial influence on the conversion and ecclesiastical system of all three peoples. From the 940/960s the centres of mission, the new dioceses – of the Polish (Poznań), of the Bohemians (Prague) or of the Hungarians (the centre is not known here) – could emerge only as the subordinates of the German church. In contrast, the years around the first millenium - as a result of Otto III's different church policy – lead to the basis of the formation of independent church in two cases (Polish, Hungarian). Using these early parallels we intend to show the similarities and differences by the beginnings of the Bohemian, Polish and Hungarian ecclesiastical systems.
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Ecclesia et Violentia_Bydgoszcz. Violence against the Church and Violence within the Church in the Middle Ages. Ed. Radosław Kotecki and Jacek Maciejewski. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Newcastle upon Tyne: 2014. p. 313-332.
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Les chanoines de la fin du Moyen Age étaient-ils au service de l'État La Hongrie bilan et perspectives. In: Église et État Église ou État? Les clercs et la genèse de l’État moderne. Éds. Barralis, Christine – Boudet, Jean-Patrice – Delivré, Fabrice – Genet, Jean-Philippe. Paris, 2014. p. 127–135.more
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Publications du CERCOR (Centre Européen de Recherche sur les
Congrégations et les Ordres Religieux) (2015–2017) - Book review
Congrégations et les Ordres Religieux) (2015–2017) - Book review