Albert Jolink

Environmental alliances are a common response to societal sustainability demands. In environmental alliances, firms collaboratively exploit and explore environmental technologies to address market opportunities while simultaneously generating positive environmental impacts. A striking idiosyncrasy is that in addition to economic value, environmental alliances generate two types of external value: environmental value from positive effects on air, water, land and biodiversity, and knowledge value from innovations in environmental technologies. Research on motivations for environmental alliances is dispersed and underdeveloped compared to the well‐established literature on motivations for strategic alliances that emphasize economic value. This study therefore develops a classification of motivations for environmental alliances by combining the literature on strategic alliances and that on environmental and knowledge value. The resulting classification includes motivations for environme...

Abstract In this article we introduce three concepts from transaction cost economics that have so far remained excluded from the open innovation literature, and that enable us to address the demands in the literature for an explanatory mechanism for closing open innovation: unanticipated disturbances, tolerance zone and interpretations of contracts. First, we argue that threats resulting from unanticipated disturbances are absorbed in a tolerance zone and lead to adaptations in knowledge sharing. Second, we argue that these threats and changes in knowledge sharing at the project level impact the interpretation of the open innovation contract at the firm level. Adopting a contractual perspective, the article contributes to the open innovation literature by explaining the tolerance zone of transitioning between closed and open innovation. We illustrate in a case study on a B2B open innovation project how a threat to value creation leads to a continuation of open innovation, whereas a threat to value capture leads to a closing of open innovation.

... 90 Walras's macro money model 91 15 WALRAS'S EQUILIBRIUM MODEL WITH FIAT-MONEY 94 The individuals' cash balances 94 The ... EQUILIBRIUM MODEL' 120 Synthesis: Walras's utopian reality 120 Discussion 126 Appendices IA LIFE SKETCH OF LÉON WALRAS 129 ...

ABSTRACT History of Political Economy Annual Supplement to Volume 34 (2002) 148-153 The history of the history of economic thought teaching in the Netherlands is an unwritten story. It consists of scattered, local, individual stories and of particular events that have remained unnoticed in Dutch histories of higher education. Yet, in retrospect, the individual stories and events build up an impressively consistent picture of a history of history of economic thought teaching in Dutch economics curricula. The information that has shaped this brief history comes from those who were involved in the teaching of the history of economic thought at Dutch universities during the period 1945–2001. These (oral) histories were gathered by interviewing several generations of lecturers at different universities in the Netherlands. Due to the relatively low mobility of Dutch lecturers during a large part of the period under investigation, most individual stories related to the specific circumstances of one university town and could often be confirmed by predecessors or successors. The sheer size of the country, with at most nine faculties offering (elements of) an economics curriculum, offers the opportunity to distill some general traits that may compose a brief history of the history of economic thought teachings in the Netherlands. The oral history mainly covers the post–World War II era, although most stories also referred to the pre–World War II period, in part as an explanation, in part as a (self-) justification of the present situation. Although the pre–World War II history of history of economic thought teaching is mainly a history of hearsay, it seems to be in conformity with the overall picture of the history of economics in the Netherlands. As such, a brief sketch of the pre–World War II period will be presented first. The economics teaching at Dutch universities during the interbellum is characterized by a charming simplicity: a handful of professors would cater to a dozen students, mostly at law faculties. The exceptions, here, were the Rotterdam School of Economics and the Economics Department of Tilburg University, which started in the 1910s and 1920s as business schools but later developed an economics curriculum. The main actors in the 1930s were the economics faculty of the University of Amsterdam and the business school at Rotterdam, who considered each other as direct rivals from the start. Although there were (minor) differences among the approaches at different universities and schools, in general the economics teaching was characterized by (1) an orientation toward the so-called Austrian school of economics, (2) a strong emphasis on applied economics and practical affairs, and (3) a historical approach toward teaching economics. Most of the economics teaching in the 1930s was inspired by the marginal utility approach represented by the Austrian school of economics, in particular Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk's work. The Dutch economists, inclined as they were toward German economics, had experienced the Methodenstreit from a distance but wholeheartedly adopted the move away from the German historical school. Yet the theoretical amalgam that emerged in economics teaching at Dutch universities combined elements that may have illustrated a Dutch preference for consensus but otherwise seemed incompatible as an outcome of the Methodenstreit. One of the elements of the theory that dominated the economics teaching was the emphasis on the specific conditions of time and place that determined the potential applications in practical affairs. One possible exception was a theory of money. In retrospect, the liberal interpretation of the Austrian school's contributions to economics does not always qualify Dutch economics teaching as “Austrian.” Nowadays one may classify it even as “institutionalist.” The teaching of economics found its justification in the practices of trade or political applications. Although some philosophical insights may have sneaked into the curriculum, the expectation of the students was a practical study with direct relevance for their future working environment. As most professors were somehow involved in politics or industry, their academic interests were slightly curtailed by practical interests. Instruction in economics itself was presented in a chronological order, suggesting a sequence or progress. Lectures were presented commonly as a culmination of economic thought with the professor's contribution as...

ABSTRACT The literature on alliances has identified a variety of inter-firm antecedents of performance, including information and knowledge sharing between partners, shared partner understanding, and a focus on collective objectives. Recent studies have focused on alliance management capabilities (AMC) – firms' abilities to capture, share, store and apply alliance management knowledge – as an important antecedent of performance. This paper reviews 90 studies on AMC and makes two important contributions to the literature. First, the review provides an overview of and classification scheme for the different types of AMC to better organise the diverse empirical findings that have been presented in the literature. The novel classification distinguishes between general and partner-specific AMC and between AMC stored within the firm and within the alliance. Second, consistent with the dynamic capabilities perspective, this paper offers a more detailed understanding of why AMC improve performance, by highlighting the intermediate impact of AMC on alliance attributes. In particular, the review demonstrates how the different categories of AMC influence alliances in terms of information and knowledge-sharing between partners, shared partner understanding and the pursuit of collective goals. The review also demonstrates that these attributes improve performance. The authors note promising avenues for future empirical research that involve combining the classification scheme with research on the impact of AMC on alliance attributes and performance.

ABSTRACT This paper uses two recent works as a springboard for discussing the proper contours of intellectual property protection. Professor Lessig devotes much of The Future of Ideas to demonstrating how the expanding scope of intellectual property protection ...