Bojan Jovanovic
Sport academy Belgrade, Fitness, Faculty Member
The motivation behind mathematically modeling the human operator is to help explain the response characteristics of the complex dynamical system including the human manual controller. In this paper, we present two approaches to human... more
The motivation behind mathematically modeling the human operator is to help explain the response characteristics of the complex dynamical system including the human manual controller. In this paper, we present two approaches to human operator modeling: classical linear control approach and modern nonlinear control approach. The latter one is formalized using both fixed and adaptive Lie-Derivative based controllers. Keywords: Human operator, linear control, nonlinear control, Lie derivative operator Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures
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Running fast is the direct result of the athletes stride rate and stride length. Now, the question is how do one maximizes both of these to achieve top–level performances in the sprints, or fastest runs on the court. One cannot have a... more
Running fast is the direct result of the athletes stride rate and stride length. Now, the question is how do one maximizes both of these to achieve top–level performances in the sprints, or fastest runs on the court. One cannot have a maximum stride length and stride rate and be their fastest; what is needed is a maximum stride rate
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Like in any other sport game, the important part of the tennis game is tactics. Current tennis tactics will be slightly simplified in the future tennis game, as, due to the highly–increased speed of the ball, long rallies will rarely... more
Like in any other sport game, the important part of the tennis game is tactics. Current tennis tactics will be slightly simplified in the future tennis game, as, due to the highly–increased speed of the ball, long rallies will rarely exist. Therefore, this “tennis chess” will consist of up to 3–4 movements at any one time.
Today it is well known that disembodied cognition is a myth, albeit one that has had profound influence in Western science since Rene Descartes and others gave it credence during the Scientific Revolution. In fact, the mind-body... more
Today it is well known that disembodied cognition is a myth, albeit one that has had profound influence in Western science since Rene Descartes and others gave it credence during the Scientific Revolution. In fact, the mind-body separation had much more to do with explanation of method than with explanation of the mind and cognition, yet it is with respect
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The overriding principle governing general sports performance is the attempt of an individual, or a group of individuals, to perform a given task “in the best possible way.” In this chapter we will focus on biomechanical and physiological... more
The overriding principle governing general sports performance is the attempt of an individual, or a group of individuals, to perform a given task “in the best possible way.” In this chapter we will focus on biomechanical and physiological principles of the performance optimization in the future tennis game. For the tennis performance criteria one can use the 10 points of
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From the scientific perspective, the common term “muscle memory,” so popular among coaches and players, is shear nonsense. If neural motor pathways are damaged there is no any “muscle memory” left. This means that all the motor memory... more
From the scientific perspective, the common term “muscle memory,” so popular among coaches and players, is shear nonsense. If neural motor pathways are damaged there is no any “muscle memory” left. This means that all the motor memory (containing all acquired motor skills) is in the neural system, not in the muscles. Muscles have their structure and function (of generating
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All of the body’s voluntary movements are controlled by the brain. One of the brain areas most involved in controlling these voluntary movements is the motor cortex (see Figure 6.1). In particular, to carry out goal–directed tennis... more
All of the body’s voluntary movements are controlled by the brain. One of the brain areas most involved in controlling these voluntary movements is the motor cortex (see Figure 6.1). In particular, to carry out goal–directed tennis movements, your motor cortex must first receive various kinds of information from the various lobes of the brain: information about the body’s position
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Modern biomechanics is rotational (see Figure 12.1) and can be formulated using Newton-Euler, Lagrangian or Hamiltonian formalism (see Appendix 2).
A topspin shot is hit by sliding the racquet up and over the ball as it is struck. By dragging the racquet over the ball, the friction between the racquet’s strings and the ball is used to make the ball spin forward, towards the opponent.... more
A topspin shot is hit by sliding the racquet up and over the ball as it is struck. By dragging the racquet over the ball, the friction between the racquet’s strings and the ball is used to make the ball spin forward, towards the opponent. The shot dips down after impact and also bounces at an angle lower to the
In this chapter we formulate a fuzzy-logic, attack (AT) and counter-attack (CA) model for the tennis game.
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Classical tennis serve has three stages: (i) the ball toss, (ii) the jump, and (iii) the finishing smash. (i) In the case of a right–handed player (like Federer), the ball toss is thrown with the left arm. The feet are apart, and the ball... more
Classical tennis serve has three stages: (i) the ball toss, (ii) the jump, and (iii) the finishing smash. (i) In the case of a right–handed player (like Federer), the ball toss is thrown with the left arm. The feet are apart, and the ball toss is performed with the contractions of the left deltoideus, the biceps and the palmar flexors
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Each effective tennis shot, be it a serve, a forehand or a backhand, is a whip–like movement performed by a complex coordination of all the body’s segments working to place the racquet in the correct position at the right time and apply... more
Each effective tennis shot, be it a serve, a forehand or a backhand, is a whip–like movement performed by a complex coordination of all the body’s segments working to place the racquet in the correct position at the right time and apply the maximal summed force to the tennis ball. As we already emphasized several times, the best power (strength
The tennis champion of the future is Roger Federer’s hypothetical younger brother, who knows and can do everything that Roger knows and can do. In addition, he is both physically and mentally stronger and faster. Because of this addition,... more
The tennis champion of the future is Roger Federer’s hypothetical younger brother, who knows and can do everything that Roger knows and can do. In addition, he is both physically and mentally stronger and faster. Because of this addition, he will generally be much more efficient in the future tennis game, which will be much faster than today’s tennis, due
There are three different energetic resources for any kind of muscular work, including tennis (see Appendix 1): 1 ATP–CP (or, anaerobic alactatic) system, which lasts 10–15 seconds, uses stored ATP and creatine phosphate (CP), with no... more
There are three different energetic resources for any kind of muscular work, including tennis (see Appendix 1): 1 ATP–CP (or, anaerobic alactatic) system, which lasts 10–15 seconds, uses stored ATP and creatine phosphate (CP), with no by–products. This energy source is related to speed and strength. It is essential for the serve and winning shots in tennis. 2 Glycolysis (or,
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The best preparation for the mental speed in tennis is the so–called lightning chess, or bullet chess. It is the faster version of the blitz chess game, where each side has less than 3 minutes to complete all of their moves. Often bullet... more
The best preparation for the mental speed in tennis is the so–called lightning chess, or bullet chess. It is the faster version of the blitz chess game, where each side has less than 3 minutes to complete all of their moves. Often bullet chess is so fast that tactics and skill are secondary to quick moves. Under United States Chess
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Nonlinear dynamics depicts an irregular and unpredictable time evolution of both simple and complex deterministic dynamical systems, characterized by nonlinear coupling of its variables. Given an initial condition, the dynamic equation... more
Nonlinear dynamics depicts an irregular and unpredictable time evolution of both simple and complex deterministic dynamical systems, characterized by nonlinear coupling of its variables. Given an initial condition, the dynamic equation determines the dynamic process, i.e., every step in the evolution. However, the initial condition, when magnified, reveals a cluster of values within a certain error bound. For a regular
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Biomechanical term for the whip–like movement is the kinetic chain: the sequential flow of energy and momentum from bigger segments to smaller ones. Tennis requires sequenced activation of muscles and movement of bones and joints to... more
Biomechanical term for the whip–like movement is the kinetic chain: the sequential flow of energy and momentum from bigger segments to smaller ones. Tennis requires sequenced activation of muscles and movement of bones and joints to achieve the motions, positions, and velocities seen in a player. This sequencing is known as the kinetic chain. Kinetic energy and momentum, as well
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Human skeletal and face muscles, accounting for more than 40% of the body weight in man, consist of bundles of elongated, cylindric cells called muscle fibers, 50 to 200 μ in diameter and often many centimeters long. Bundles of muscle... more
Human skeletal and face muscles, accounting for more than 40% of the body weight in man, consist of bundles of elongated, cylindric cells called muscle fibers, 50 to 200 μ in diameter and often many centimeters long. Bundles of muscle fibers, each called fasciculus, are surrounded by a connective tissue covering, the endomysium (see, e.g., [Mou80, Mar98]). A muscle consists
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The main topics of sports psychology are: (i) motor (and general) learning; (ii) behavioral patterns (e.g., fight-or-flight); (iii) visualization; (iv) concentration; (v) relaxation strategies; (vi) self talk (introspective thought)... more
The main topics of sports psychology are: (i) motor (and general) learning; (ii) behavioral patterns (e.g., fight-or-flight); (iii) visualization; (iv) concentration; (v) relaxation strategies; (vi) self talk (introspective thought) strategies; (vii) arousal strategies; and (viii) stress management. We will talk about each of them in some detail in this book.
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The basic idea of coaches and players, as well as the simplistic biomechanics of loops and swings in tennis shots (serve, forehand and backhand) are derived from the concept of a simple physical pendulum. An arm with a hand holding a... more
The basic idea of coaches and players, as well as the simplistic biomechanics of loops and swings in tennis shots (serve, forehand and backhand) are derived from the concept of a simple physical pendulum. An arm with a hand holding a racket has been seen as a more-or-less single rigid body, with no more than 3 degrees of freedom (DOF).
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In this section we will introduce modern concepts of quantum brain and mind, mostly following a modern trend set-up in the journal NeuroQuantology. For example, according to some of the recent papers from this journal (see [Per03]),... more
In this section we will introduce modern concepts of quantum brain and mind, mostly following a modern trend set-up in the journal NeuroQuantology. For example, according to some of the recent papers from this journal (see [Per03]), ‘brain is classical’ (i.e., governed by classical biophysics), while ‘mind is quantum’, and human consciousness is generated by ‘neuro-quantization’, which takes place inside brain’s microtubules (see, e.g. [Pen89, Pen94]).
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... [3] Marko Cvetković, Milun Jevtić, "Savreni detektori otkaza u distribuiranim upravljačkim sistemima", Zbornik XLVII konferencije za elektroniku, telekomunikacije, računarstvo, automatiku i nuklearnu tehniku - ETRAN 2003,... more
... [3] Marko Cvetković, Milun Jevtić, "Savreni detektori otkaza u distribuiranim upravljačkim sistemima", Zbornik XLVII konferencije za elektroniku, telekomunikacije, računarstvo, automatiku i nuklearnu tehniku - ETRAN 2003, Herceg Novi, 8 - 13. juna 2003. Sveska I, str. 84-87. ...